• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2004

To identify the characteristics of wastewater flow generated in treatment basins of Seogwipo-city, we selected 3 stations representing the basin and performed 7 times of field survey including 5 times in dry periods and 2 times in wet periods from Feb. 25 to May 27, 2002 for the selected stations. From the analysis of flow data measured for more than 60 days in the interval of 5 minutes and concentration data obtained from laboratory analysis, we can draw several conclusions. First, in the analysis of diurnal variation of wastewater flow for land-use types, we could find the following results: in the residential area, it is observed that wastewater flow rates rise early in the morning for the office-going hour and fall gradually and rise again after the office-leaving hour, showing typical residential wastewater flow pattern, while for the residential and commercial area flow rates rise early in the morning at the office-going hour and move up and down repeatedly within wide range and last till the office-leaving hour, which can be resulted from wastewater that is generated by tourists activated after early in the afternoon, while for the touristy area flow rates rise early in the morning and fall gradually and rise again within wide range. Second, in the analysis of temporal variation of wastewater flow for monthly, it can be observed that in the residential area, in the residential and commercial areas the flow rate of May is higher than that of Feb., March, while for the touristy area flow rate is without monthly because it reflects the movement of population, Third, in wet periods concentration of water-quality item such as SS, BOD, and COD_{cr}$ is high in the beginning of rainfall by first flush, and falls down gradually to reach the steady state, which is the level of wastewater in dry periods after the cease of storm water due to diluting effect resulting from additional runoff water through storm sewers.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.146-155
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• 2016

Spatial and temporal variations of mercury, including dry and wet deposition fluxes, were assessed over Northeast Asia, targeting the Yellow Sea, using meteorology and chemistry models. Four modeling periods, each representative of one of the four seasons, were selected. Modeling results captured general patterns and behaviors, and fell within similar ranges with respect to observations. However, temporal variations of mercury were not closely matched, possibly owing to the effects of localized emissions. Modeling results indicated that dry deposition is correlated with wind speed, while wet deposition is correlated with precipitation amount. Overall, the wet deposition flux of $66ng/m^2-day$ was about twice as large as the dry deposition flux of $32ng/m^2-day$, when averaged over the four modeling periods. Dry deposition occurred predominantly in the form of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). In contrast, RGM accounted for only about two-thirds of wet deposition, while particulate mercury accounted for the remainder.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.458-466
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• 2007

This study is to evaluate control effects of separation wall by surveying water quality and sewer overflows during dry and wet periods in combined sewer and separated sewer systems. Ravine water from the combined Seokgyo outfall with the separation wall was separated about four times larger than sewage flow during dry periods. The water quality of the combined Seokgyo outfall with separation wall during dry periods is flow weighed average BOD 61 mg/L, the combined Cheonseokgyo outfall without the separation wall is average BOD 71 mg/L, and the separated Pyeongsong center outfall is average BOD 41 mg/L. The BOD concentration in separated outfall form about 57% of the combined outfall, and this means the separated outfall (i.e. storm sewer) is polluted by inflow of sewage. The overflow load of the separated outfall is ten times higher than the combined outfall and its overflow load per rainfall is three times than combined outfall during the wet periods. Therefore, the control plan of overflow load is required in storm sewer. The control effects of the overflow load increased 79% by setting the separation wall in the combined sewer, and showed 27% increase without the separation wall in separated sewer, but forecasted over 80% increase of effects if the separation wall was set.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.950-958
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• 2018

The physicochemical characteristics and oxidative stability of wet-aged and dry-aged pork cuts were investigated at different aging periods (1, 7, 14 and 21 d). Samples were assigned into four groups in terms of shoulder blade-wet aging (SW), shoulder blade-dry aging (SD), belly-wet aging (BW), and belly-dry aging (BD). SD showed significantly higher pH at 21 d of aging than the other samples. Wet-aged cuts had significantly higher released water (RW) %, lightness ($L^*$) and shear force compared to the dry-aged meats. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed greater degradation of proteins for dry-aged cuts than the wet-aged cuts. At the end of aging, wet-aged cuts showed significantly lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value than the dry-aged samples, indicating higher oxidative stability for wet-aged pork cuts. However, dry-aging led to higher degradation of proteins resulting in increased water-holding capacity (WHC) and decreased shear force value.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-43
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• 1988

The purpose of this research is to produce bin weather data for Seoul from Standard Weather Data. The intended use of these data is for input to recently developed models for simplified energy calculations and for generating variable-base degree-day information. The data produced under this study include $3^{\circ}C$ bin data covering the full range of dry-bulb temperatures with mean coincident wet-bulb and daytime coincident solar radiation, wet-bulb bins down to freezing temperature, wind speed bins with prevailing directions, and heating and cooling degree hours to nine different temperature bases. All of these data are tabulated in six separate time periods and total daily categories for monthly and annual periods.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.379-387
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• 2019

The effects of dry-aging on changes in taste compounds and electronic taste sensing traits of pork were investigated. Ten pork belly and shoulder blade cuts were divided into wet-aging and dry-aging treatments and stored for 21 days at $2^{\circ}C$. The contents of nucleotides and free amino acids, and electronic tongue analysis were investigated at different aging periods (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). The contents of inosine and hypoxanthine of dry-aged pork cuts increased more rapidly, and they were significantly (p<0.05) higher than wet-aged pork cuts. Total free amino acids of dry-aged pork cuts were also significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of wet-aged pork cuts after 21 days of aging. Consequently, umami intensity of dry-aged pork cuts increased more rapidly and the values were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of wet-aged pork during 21 days of aging. Results suggested that the better palatability of dry-aged pork cuts might be due to higher umami intensity in relation to higher contents of inosine, hypoxanthine, and free amino acids.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

April∼August precipitation (141 years : A.D. 1858∼1998) of Mt. Sorak region (East-central Korea) was reconstructed using a tree-ring chronology of Pinus densiflora sampled from Beakdam Shelter area. During the reconstructed Periods, dry periods were 1880∼1887, 1893∼1901 and 1922∼1938, and wet one 1906∼1918. In the long-term variation, the late 19th and early 20th century were drier than the late 20th century. Major wet/dry periodicities in April∼August precipitation series reconstructed were 3.16 and 4.14 years, indicating that short-term variation were more prominent than long-term one.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.533-542
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• 2001

In order to establish drought policy, the estimation of drought period for each drought situation should be preceded. Non-linear Water Balance Model(NWBM) and palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) can be used for analysis of drought period. As a water balance method considering moisture transfer between land surface and atmosphere, NWBM can be used to estimate transition time between dry and wet period induced by stochastic fluctuations. PDSI is also water balance method to show drought severity comparing actual precipitation with climatically appropriate precipitation based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. In this study, the drought periods are estimated using NWBM and PDSI for the Han River Basin. The drought periods according to the soil moisture estimated by NWBS and the drought periods according to drought severity index estimated by PDSI show similar trend. The estimated drought period from extreme drought to wet condition for the Han River Basin is about 3years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.1373-1378
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• 2010

This study investigated the utilization of activated calcium (AC) as preservatives for wet noodle manufacturing. The quality characteristics and shelf-life of wet noodle made with sterilized distilled water, 5% alcohol, 0.1% AC plus 5% alcohol, 0.2% AC plus 5% alcohol, and 0.2% AC were evaluated. The total microbial count and pH value of wet noodle were determined during storage at $10^{\circ}C$. During storage at $10^{\circ}C$ for 42 days, pH of wet noodles was slightly decreased with increased storage periods. The pH values of wet noodles made with AC were higher than the others. Instrument textural characteristics (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewingness) were measured and were not significantly changed during storage period. The total microbial counts in wet noodles increased with extended storage duration. With AC, microbial growth rate were decreased compared to the control for whole storage period. In sensory evaluation, a little difference was shown between control and AC or alcohol containing wet noodles and no significant differences during the storage period. It was concluded that shelf-life of wet noodles was extended two-fold or more by adding AC for storage at $10^{\circ}C$.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2003

The age growth pattern of Myagropsis mygroides (Cystoseiraceae, Phaeophyta)population were investigated at Tongyeong (128$^{\circ}$ 25' E and 34$^{\circ}$ 45' N) in South coast of Korea, from September 1998 to August 1999. Water temperatures varied from 7.7${^{\circ}C}$ to 26${^{\circ}C}$ during the survey period. Distinct seasonal changes were found in the plant legth and wet weight of plant, and their maximum length and wet weight were attained 70.5(${\pm}$ 20.9) cm and 191.8(${\pm}$ 135.0) g during April and May. The growth patterns were divided into four periods of slow growth (September-November), fast growth (December-February), maturing growth (March-May) and declining period (June-August). The Tongyeong population of M. myagroides was dominated by less than three-year old small plants with slower growth rates, shorter plant length, lighter plant weight than those of other locations in Korea.