• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.98-101
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• 2004

The corrosion behavior of Al-Fe coatings was studied in the wet-seal atmosphere of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). Fe-8Al, Fe-16Al, Fe-25Al, Fe-36Al, and Fe-70Al (in at.%) specimens were tested in Li/K carbonate at $650^{\circ}C$ by a single cell test and an immersion test. In general, the corrosion resistance of the Al-Fe coatings was enhanced due to the formation of a protective $LiAlO_2$ layer. However, when the Al-Fe coatings didn't have sufficient content of aluminum enough for maintaining the protective layer, the corrosion resistance of the Al-Fe coatings was severely degraded by the growth of non-protective scales like $LiAlO_2$. The test results revealed that the aluminum contents in the coatings should be higher than 25 at.% in order to form and maintain the protective $LiAlO_2$ layers.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.322-330
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• 2014

The phospholipid-based MPCE(2-Methacryloxyethyl Phosphoryl Chlorine) copolymer was mixed with wet polyurethane for coating of nylon fabrics. The substitution rate of water in coagulation bath with DMF was changed under control of the size of formed hydrophilic microporous cell enable to manufacture excellent breathable, anti-bacterial and moisture control fabrics. Biocompatible property, vapor permeability, hydrostatic pressure, moisture management and anti-bacterial property were investigated for treated nylon fabrics. In result, increased moisture transmission rates, decreased water resistance and outstanding moisture control property could be confirmed by enhanced hydrophilicity of wet-coated nylon fabric with MPCE copolymer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.592-592
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• 2012

태양전지에서 고효율 달성을 위해 태양광을 더 많이 활용하기 위해서는 태양전지 표면에서의 광 반사를 줄여야 하는데 가장 효과적인 방법은 실리콘 기판의 wet etching 공정을 통한 텍스쳐링이다. 태양전지에서 가장 많이 사용되는 파장대역은 가시광선 영역인데 555 nm 파장에서 실리콘 표면의 total reflectance는 30.1%로 매우 높고 diffuse reflectance는 0.1%로서 무시할만큼 적다. 하지만 wet etching을 한 후 total reflectance는 18%까지 감소하였고, diffuse reflectance는 16%까지 증가하였다. 결정면에 따른 식각선택성을 이용하는 이방성 etching으로 V groove 모양의 표면형상을 얻을 수 있었고, 후속 등방성 etching을 하여 U groove 표면형상을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 wet etching의 문제점중의 하나는 반응중에 생성되는 수소기체가 실리콘 표면에 부착되어 etching이 불균일하게 진행되는 것인데 초음파를 사용하여 이 문제를 해결하였다. 그리고 Etchant의 성분용액중 하나인 IPA의 농도조절을 통해 표면에 형성되는 피라미드의 크기를 조절할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 실리콘 표면형상의 각각 서로 다른 크기와 모양에 따라 태양전지를 만들었을 때 빛의 활용 측면에서 어떤 변화가 있고 얼마만큼의 효율변화가 있는지에 대해서도 알아보았다.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

In this study, fine cathode materials $Ni_3S_2$ and $NiS_2$ were synthesized using the simple, convenient process of mechanical alloying (MA). In order to improve the cell properties, wet milling processes were conducted using low-energy ball milling to decrease the mean particle size of both materials. The cells of Na/$Ni_3S_2$ and Na/$NiS_2$ show a high initial discharge capacity of 425 mAh/g and 577 mAh/g respectively using wet milled powder particles, which is much larger than commercial ones, providing some potential as new cathode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2024

This study aimed to assess and compare the immune response in beagle dogs following the oral administration of a 5% propolis liquid concentrate and a 1:1 mixture of propolis and wet pet food. To assess the immune response, cell counting kit assays, cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-1 beta, and flow cytometry were conducted. Propolis was administered at a concentration of 5% and a dosage of 20 g, with the beagles monitored over 8 weeks. Three beagles served as controls, while four beagles each were assigned to the propolis-only group and the propolis and feed mixture group. The results demonstrated that, regardless of its form, propolis enhanced immune responses in beagles. These findings suggest that administering of a mixture of propolis and wet pet food may increase the palatability of propolis for beagle dogs while maintaining its immune-enhancing effects.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.534-537
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• 2019

The optical loss is caused by reflection on the surface of the solar cell, without being absorbed inside the solar cell. Research is actively being conducted to reduce optical loss due to such reflection of light and to improve conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this paper, the surface of the FTO glass substrate was wet etched, and the structural characteristics of the tough surface were evaluated. In addition, optical properties on the surface were analyzed, etched using spectrometer. When light was introduced to a rough surface formed by etching, it was confirmed that the multiple reflections reduced the amount of light reflection from the surface, thereby increaseing the amount of light penetrating the glass substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

Various single solvents were tested to find the effective solvent for the extraction of algae oil from wet-form Chlorella minutissima. In the case of single solvents, their extractabilities for algae oil were increased with their polarity because the water in wet algae cell is to form a solvent shell around the lipids. Based on these results, the wet-form algae samples were treated with a polar alcohol solvent and then a nonpolar solvent was added in algae residue. In the algae oil extraction by ethanol/n-hexane, total lipid contents were 40-50% and composition of triglyceride in extracted oil was 46.50%. Considering solvent toxicity of conventional solvent mixture such as chloroform and methanol for algae oil extraction, the ethanol/n-hexane system was identified as the effective one for the oil extraction from wet-form Chlorella minutissima.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2008

Titanium sheet metal substrates used in thin film batteries were wet etched and their surface area was increased in order to increase the discharge capacity and power density of the batteries. To obtain a homogeneous etching pattern, we used a conventional photolithographic process. Homogeneous hemisphere-shaped wells with a diameter of approximately $40\;{\mu}m$ were formed on the surface of the Ti substrate using a photo-etching process with a $20\;{\mu}m{\times}20\;{\mu}m$ square patterned photo mask. All-solid-state thin film cells composed of a Li/Lithium phosphorous oxynitride (Lipon)/$LiCoO_2$ system were fabricated onto the wet etched substrate using a physical vapor deposition method and their performances were compared with those of the cells on a bare substrate. It was found that the discharge capacity of the cells fabricated on wet etched Ti substrate increased by ca. 25% compared to that of the cell fabricated on bare one. High discharge rate was also able to be obtained through the reduction in the internal resistance. However, the cells fabricated on the wet etched substrate exhibited a higher degradation rate with charge-discharge cycling due to the nonuniform step coverage of the thin films, while the cells on the bare substrate demonstrated a good cycling performance.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.666-670
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• 2001

To improve the corrosion resistance of separator wet-seal area which is the barrier of commercialization of molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC), Ni/Y/Al coating layer was fabricated by Ni electroplating and Y, Al e-beam PVD on AISI 316L stainless steel. NiAlY alloy coating layer was formed by heat treatment in reduction atmosphere at $800^{\circ}C$ for 5hr. Immersion test in molten carbonate salt at $650^{\circ}C$ was performed on as- received AISI 316L stainless steel and NiAlY coated specimen. According to cross sectional SEM/EDS observations, corrosion resistance of separator wet-seal area was improved by formation of dense oxide layers of Al and Y.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 2014

In this study, oil as a source of biodiesel from Nannochloropsis oceanica was extracted using organic solvent. The oil extraction yield and efficiency from dry and wet microalgae were investigated. The initial fatty acids content of the N. oceanica was 317.8 mg/g cell showing a high oil content over 30%. The yield from dry microalgae was higher than that from wet microalgae due to the inhibition of water. The yield by chloroform-methanol was the highest and the yield by hexane was the lowest. However, the total fatty acids contents with the chloroform-methanol were 678.7 and 778.2 mg/g oil under dry and wet conditions, respectively. The high oil extraction yield by chloroform-methanol reflected the fact that the extracted oil contained a high level of impurity. The hexane-methanol extraction from dry N. oceanica showed high oil extraction efficiency, 82.6%. The chloroform-methanol extraction under wet condition also showed high efficiency, 88.0%. While the hexane-methanol extraction from dry microalgae is desirable under low drying cost, the chloroform-methanol extraction from wet microalgae is desirable under high drying cost.