• 제목/요약/키워드: Western-centrism

검색결과 8건 처리시간 0.017초

The Comments of Chinese "Zhihu" Netizens on the US Sanctions Against Huawei: The Role of Anti-Western Centrism in Nationalist Narratives

  • Yawei, Chen;Ahamd, Abdul Mua'ti @Zamri;Mahamed, Mastura;Kasimon, Diyana
    • Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.102-122
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    • 2022
  • From 2018 to 2020, the United States has repeatedly imposed sanctions on the Chinese company Huawei, which has triggered strong nationalist sentiments on the Chinese Internet. This paper is a qualitative content analysis of Zhihu netizens' views on US sanctions against Huawei to explore how anti-Western centrism influences young people's narratives. The results showed that they believe the Huawei matter is a deliberate hegemonic act by the United States because it fears the decline of its own technological status. Moreover, it is direct evidence that the United States is deliberately destroying China's economic development environment to slow down China's rise, as well as a typical manifestation of the injustice of the liberal international order. A further analysis revealed that their narrative logic is obviously influenced by the following aspects: 1) The mentality of national glory derived from comprehensive national strength leads them to believe that U.S. sanctions against Huawei are an obstacle to China's rise. 2) National humiliation leads them to view U.S. sanctions as a constant insult to China. 3) China's superiority created by China's comprehensive national strength and its scientific and technological achievements in recent years has boosted its confidence to challenge the West's absolute progress. This study examines the impact of anti-Western centrism on Chinese nationalist sentiment and offers a bottom-level perspective on the debate over the crisis of the liberal order.

서구중심주의를 넘어서기 위한 현대성담론 - 임휘인(林徽因)과 능숙화(凌叔华)의 여성주의문학을 중심으로 (A study on the modernity strategy to overcome the Western-centrism - By focusing on Lin, Hui-yin and Ling, Shu-hua's feminist literature)

  • 고혜경
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제25권
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    • pp.363-389
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    • 2011
  • Modern Chinese Literature, the so-called 'feminist' is a very modern and the traditional criticism and took an important position in the double action. Because a woman's freedom from the bondage of traditional ethics of restoring the social status equal to men but to women does not give, that compared to men and women just the dimension of the problem of isolation is not just. It is dominated by yugajeok worldview by streamlining the whole Chinese society to build a modern society and the country was a critical task. However, multi-cultural life of Lin, Hui-yin and Ling, Shu-hua in the history of the world's attention to the shrine was worried attention to soils, rather than East-West dualism law by taking a mixture of both women in modern Chinese literature and Western literature from the center of efforts to overcome the traditional point hayeotdaneun feminist literature that may be different. Lin, Hui-yin and Ling, Shu-hua to overcome the Western-oriented culture really the true dream of China's globalization and localization could be regarded. She naesewotdeon the banner of feminist literature in the traditional 'anti feudal', 'free personality' silcheondoen under such slogans as well as women's liberation from traditional, male-oriented perspective away from the women's unique experiences and new understanding of the value of the superiority the concept of a woman, and was to create. In particular, the femininity of these women who traditionally associated with women and the unique culture - the creation of a new consciousness, a re-evaluation of traditional feminine skills and talents was to try to.

패션문화에 나타난 오리엔탈리즘에 대한 비판적 논의 (Critical Discussion on the 'Orientalism' in Fashion Culture)

  • 서봉하
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.902-910
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    • 2008
  • Orientalism은 동양을 서양과는 다른 이질적 인 대상, 괴상하고 후진적이며 수동적 인 특성을 지닌 열등한 타자로 서양인의 무의식 속에 내면화되어 왔다. 아시아를 일정한 지배의 틀 속에 가두는 문화적 장치와 담론의 체계인 Orientalism은 원래 남유럽과 북아프리카를 포함한 서남아시아에 해당하는 서유럽 중심의 용어였으며, 비 서구사회는 서구문명을 수용함으로써만 발전할 수 있다는 논리의 사상이다. 따라서 이러한 용어의 무분별한 사용은 부적절하다. 또한 아시아의 이미지나 복식양식을 차용한 서구의 아시안 룩에 아시아 본래의 정신은 사라졌다고 하여도 아시아를 저급한 타자로 인식한 것에서 비롯된 것이 아니다. Asian Ethnic Look은 동양적 미학에 매료되어 동양의 이미지나 양식을 차용한 서양의 복식이므로 Orientalism의 속성과는 차이가 있다. 국내의 패션계에서는 이에 대한 분별없이 혼용하여 사용하고 있고, 특히 Orientalism Fashion 또는 Oriental Look이라고 자주 사용하고 있다. 아시아의 복식이나 이미지를 기괴하게 조작한 일부 특정한 복식만을 Orientalism Fashion 또는 Oriental Look이라 해야 하며, 이를 제외하고는 'Asian Look', 'Asian Fashion', 'Asian Ethnic Look' 등으로 바꾸어 쓰거나, 'Korean Look' 등의 개별 국가나 지역 명으로 바꾸어 쓰는 것을 분명히 해야 한다 한국을 비롯한 아시아는 서구 중심의 수동적 입장이 아니라, 세계 패션산업의 중심축 중 하나로써 세계 패션을 리드하고 있다. 이제는 우리 스스로가 서구중심의 이분법적 편견을 해체해 나가야 할 것이다.

환경관리주의 환경교육에 대한 비판적 고찰 - 원인규명에서 해결기제로의 전환을 위하여 - (A Critical Approach on Environmental Education Biased to Environmental Possibilism - From Clearing up the Cause to Problem-Solving Mechanism -)

  • 김태경
    • 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.59-74
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    • 2005
  • We can't deny Korean EE has basically developed on the basis of Environmental Possibilism (Environmental management or Reformism) in lots of aspects. I would show three representative proofs here, the first, the philosophy of Korean EE has been mainly focused on dichotomy of human-techno centrism and eco-centrism with no considering other alternative environmentalism since 4th Formal Curriculum, 1981. The second, simultaneously, the concept of EE has not distinguished from it of Science education. (Furthermore, unfortunately some says EE has been a part of Science education, although there should be many differences on its contextual aspect.) And the third one is that the limit of possibilism which market economists have worried, has scarcely mentioned in various kinds of EE-related teaching materials. Possibilism is basically likely to be accompanied by science and economics-oriented approach, and in this aspect this dichotomy, human-techno centrism and eco-centrism, has come from perspectives of Economical development process and over-addicted belief to Science. So it is enough to say that Korean EE has basically developed with biased to Environmental possibilism, in other words, biased to preference to it. And I'll critically focus on these two axes of possibilism, Science and Economics and its dichotomy. Of course, we should accept there are so many same parts in its contents between EE and Science, but we should know its contextual differences for triangular position of environmentalism suitable to EE and also overcome science-dependant approach to EE. Although science-dependant approach to EE and dichotomy could provide some tools for clearing up the causes of environmental problem, especially always it has insisted fundamental causes of environmental problem originated in human faults and over-use of eco-source or over-economic development, but now it is old-fashioned discourse, furthermore it come to have unavoidable limits in the debates of problem-solving mechanism to environmental problems. The paramount important thing is to supply the ways or thoughtful mechanism for solving or coordinating the Environmental problems, not just searching for cause of it. But scientific approach and its dichotomy based on possibilism have continuously born cause & effect in EE-related discourse. So there are so much needs to transfer from continuous bearing of cause & effect to constructive alternatives at least in environmentalism of EE. Traditionally, dichotomical division in EE Environmentalism, human-techno centrism and eco-centrism, couldn't have Provided any answers to our real society, it just gives us only cause & effects of Environmental problems. And also we can't find the description on the limits of capitalism market approach to Environmental problems especially in Korean EE text books, other teaching materials and its teaching-learning process, although market approach economist has been proved its fault beyond its functional merits as Environmental management tools. So we should introduce other alternative Environmental philosophy instead of Possibilism such as eco-socialism insisted by Schmacher M. and Boochin etc, or marxist-environmentalism for relative and comparative views to market-thought such as commodification. In this aspect we need to accept Oriental philosophy based on moderation(中庸) as new another alternatives with the reflection that we have recognized monism as representative Oriental philosophical environmentalism. Fundamentally monism has done its role with providing relative concepts to Dichotomy Enlightenment, but we can't say it has been core concept for understanding of oriental environmentalism, and we can't distinguish monism from oriental philosophy itself, just because oriental thought itself was basically monism. So conceptual difference should be recognized between EE and Science education in teaching-learning process on the basis of life-philosophy(Philosophie des Lebens) from epistemology. For this transformation, we should introduce existentialism in Science education, in other words, only existential Science education based on phenomenology or interpretivism can be EE. And simultaneously we need some ways for overcoming of scientific foundationalism which has been tradition making science not stand on existentialism, formulating and featuring of almost all of natural things and its phenomenon from after enlightenment in western world, but it has malfunctioned in fixing conception of science just into essentialism itself. And we also introduce integrated approach to science and society for EE like STS. Those are ways for overcoming of Environmental possibilism in EE.

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19세기말 서구식 대례복 제도에 대한 조선의 최초 시각 -서계(書契) 접수 문제를 통해- (The First Perspective on Western-style Court Costumes in the Late 19th Century of Joseon Dynasty -Through the Problems Receiving the New Styled Credential-)

  • 이경미
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.732-740
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to discuss Joseon dynastyis first perspective on the Western-style Court Costume which was newly introduced to Joseon through the problems receiving the credential that Japan had sent in new style. For this study, the records of Joseon and Japan at that period have been analyzed. The followings are the results of this research; First, a critical argument on the Western-style Court Costume occurred just before the Port Opening because whether wearing a western costume was the key factor in Joseon dynastyis receiving the credential that Japan had send in new style. Second, Japan received western costume as its domestic courtesy system by establishing the Court Costume of Civil servants in 1872 and consequently Japan established new ceremony procedure of western-style bow in 1875. Third, Joseon dynasty officially opposed to the Western-style Court Costume when Japan sent the credential, because the western costume selected by Japan had beenregarded as that of western barbarian at that time in Joseon. Accordingly, it seems reasonable that before the introduction of western costume into Joseon dynasty, an open-door policy for the West had been a prior settlement for Joseon dynasty regardless of the details of Western-style Court Costume. And also, the pride of civilization of Joseon dynasty, which has been used to express Joseon dynastyis identity as Joseon-centrism, had to be converted before the open-door policy. Ultimately, it could be inferred that the reception of the Western-style Court Costume had been raised as the political and diplomatic problems in the circumstances when the submissive relationship in the traditional Eastern- Asia had been forced to be converted to modern sovereign international relationship.

'종교'를 묻는 까닭과 그 질문의 역사: 그들의 물음은 우리에게 어떤 문제를 던지는가? (The Concept of Religion: Why It Matters and its Methodological History. What Questions are Posed to Us by "Their" Studies?)

  • 장석만
    • 종교문화비평
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    • 제22호
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    • pp.15-50
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    • 2012
  • 이 논문은 두 부분으로 이루어져 있다. 첫째, 종교 개념을 묻는 질문의 학술적 흐름을 소개하고, 그것을 평가하는 것이다. 왜 개념으로서의 종교를 묻는 문제가 중요하게 부각되었으며, 논의된 내용은 어떤 것이 있는지 그동안 이루어진 연구 업적을 검토하는 부분이다. 둘째는 서구에서 주도하는 이런 문제의식이 우리에게 던지는 의미는 무엇인가를 살피는 것이다. 우리는 왜 그들의 문제의식을 중요하게 생각해야 하는가? 백년 이상의 기간 동안 종교 개념이 수용되어 온 우리의 역사를 어떻게 평가해야 하는가? 종교 개념은 19세기 후반 동아시아의 위기 속에서 한국사회가 수용한 근대적 "지도"의 중요한 부분이다. 우리가 이 "지도"를 받아들이게 된 맥락과 과정을 살피는 것은 지금 그 역사적 유산 가운데 살고 있는 우리의 정체성을 밝히는데 적지 않은 도움이 될 것이다. 그리고 그 이전에 사용하던 지도와 어떤 점에서 이동(異同)이 있는지 검토하는 것도 필수적으로 요청되는 작업이다. 이 문제의식 속에서 전통적 "교(敎)"의 의미망을 살피는 것은 필수적인 작업이다. 또한 전통적 "교(敎)"와 "종교"의 틀이 어떻게 차이를 보이는지 분석하는 작업도 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이런 작업 모두에는 우리가 물려받은 "종교" 개념의 지도를 음미하면서도, 그것을 당연시 하지 않으려는 자세가 관철되어있다.

세계문학의 과제와 보편의 문제 (The Task of World Literature and the Problem of Universality)

  • 박상진
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제23권
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    • pp.81-100
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    • 2011
  • The term of world literature is now becoming an issue and lens through which we need to rethink the value of literature on a more universal dimension so as to imagine newly the location of the local or regional literature that has been alienated from the field of world literature. This kind of recognition leads us to consider the term world literature in relation to globalization and universality and to locate it on a problematical territory rather than to understand it in the traditional and Western way. Therefore the concept of world literature is now given to us as a task to resolve from our particular, or more precisely, peripheral context. The peripheral context could best operate as a possibility of reforming the West-centered order of world literature particularly in the way in which world literature obtains a more universal value. When we discuss world literature we need to consider the way of practice to re-highlight the possibility of periphery and pre-modernity without neglecting the 'light' of modernity and center. In this respect, the discourse of 'East Asia' may be useful for a transnational approach to world literature which focuses on the criticism of all kinds of centrism by foregrounding the concepts of othering and de-homogenization. For this I emphasize the attitude and methodology of 'post' which includes the power of othering and de-homogenization. The 'posty' theories such as post-colonialism, post-structuralism, post-nationalism and post-humanism allow us to indicate properly and acutely our aim by means of freer play of thought and at the same time more just definition and practice of our thought; that is, only by embracing both indication and play can we maintain the universal value of world literature. Here we can say that the global and local enterprise of ethics is the fundamental basis of world literature.

중국에서 저술된 한국근현대문학사의 문화횡단적 실천 - 남한문학사·북한문학사·자국문학사라는 세 겹의 프리즘 - (Transcultural Practice of the History of Modern Korean Literature Written in China)

  • 이선이
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제48권
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    • pp.107-133
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    • 2017
  • 이 연구는 중국에서 저술된 한국근현대문학사를 남한문학사, 북한문학사, 자국문학사와 비교하여 서술 양상을 살핌으로써, 이들 텍스트에 나타난 문화횡단적 실천을 살피고자 하였다. 지금까지 중국에서 저술된 한국문학사는 약 25종이며, 이 가운데 한국근현대문학사는 약 16종이다. 저술 목적으로 볼 때, 연구용 문학사보다는 교재용 문학사가 압도적으로 많다. 시각과 서술내용으로 볼 때, 남한문학사를 수용한 경우와 북한문학사를 수용한 경우 그리고 남북문학사를 함께 수용한 경우로 나눌 수 있다. 각각의 대표적인 텍스트를 선정하여 그 인식과 서술 양상을 남한문학사, 북한문학사, 중국문학사와 비교한 후, 의미의 이동과 생성의 지점을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 한국문학사 인식과 서술에 있어서 몇 가지 의미 있는 전언을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 우리의 근현대문학사는 서양문학의 영향만을 강조함으로써 중국문학의 영향을 간과했다는 점에 대한 반성적 시각 둘째, 북한문학사를 주체적이고 객관적으로 인식함으로써 통일문학사 기술의 한 가능성을 제시한 점 셋째, 순수문학중심주의에서 벗어나 문학의 대중성에 대한 강조와 다양한 매체와 연관된 작품을 수용하는 시각 확장의 가능성을 열어준다는 점이 그것이다.