• 대기
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2016

The comparison of prediction errors in geopotential height, temperature, and precipitation forecasts is made quantitatively to evaluate medium-range forecast skills between Global Seasonal Forecasting System version 5 (GloSea5) and Unified Model (UM) in operation by Korea Meteorological Administration during 2014. In addition, the performances in prediction of sea surface temperature anomaly in NINO3.4 region, Madden and Julian Oscillation (MJO) index, and tropical storms in western north Pacific are evaluated. The result of evaluations appears that the forecast skill of UM with lower values of root-mean square error is generally superior to GloSea5 during forecast periods (0 to 12 days). The forecast error tends to increase rapidly in GloSea5 during the first half of the forecast period, and then it shows down so that the skill difference between UM and GloSea5 becomes negligible as the forecast time increases. Precipitation forecast of GloSea5 is not as bad as expected and the skill is comparable to that of UM during 10-day forecasts. Especially, in predictions of sea surface temperature in NINO3.4 region, MJO index, and tropical storms in western Pacific, GloSea5 shows similar or better performance than UM. Throughout comparison of forecast skills for main meteorological elements and weather extremes during medium-range, the effects of initial and model errors in atmosphere-ocean coupled model are verified and it is suggested that GloSea5 is useful system for not only seasonal forecasts but also short- and medium-range forecasts.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Architectural style is said to be product reflecting political, social and cultural condition. Especially, in colony, architectural style is strongly related to political condition or policy. After colonization in 1910, public buildings with western historical architectural style in Japanese version were widely built by Japanese colonial government in Korea. And in the late 1920s, modernism style in architecture became dominant in Korea as like other countries. In this situation, curious buildings in strange architectural styles came out. One example is railroad station buildings with traditional Korean architectural style and timber house station having a steep roof which is widely used in North Europe such as Alps area with good sights and mountains. Generally, the colonizer says that colonization is the only way to save the colony at crisis defined by colonizer and they insist that they can help the colony modernize. To justify colonization, the colonizer attributes the colonization to the characteristics of the nation and stagnation of the traditional culture etc.. Accordingly, the colonizer tries to depreciate colony's traditional value and culture. In case of colony which has similar cultural background historically (in this case, economical exploitation is less important than other Asian colony by European power), this depreciation of traditional value and culture in Korea was done more strongly than others. At this time, we should understand special relation between Korea and Japan historically. Even though, colony's locality is adopted by the colonizer in public fields, which is based on political purpose or exotic taste etc.. In early days of Japanese ruling period, Japan never use the Korean traditional facts in public. Therefore there is no use of Korean traditional architectural style in public field. In late 1920s, some railroad station buildings were constructed in new styles without precedence in modern Korea. One is railroad station buildings in Korean traditional architectural style, the other is railroad station buildings in timber house stations having a steep roof which is different form western historical architectural style. It was mystery that Japan had constructed railroad stations in Korean traditional style which Japan had tried to destroy together with Western style railroad station buildings. This paper is made to solve the mystery why the colonizer(Japan) constructed entirely different types of railroad stations at the same time in the late 1920s and 1930s. The key point to solve this mystery is tourism. In this paper, to solve this mystery, I try to use terminology' 'Colonial Tourism' in architecture why colonial power had constructed railroad stations with colony's traditional architectural style and Western style having a steep roof which can be seen north European region.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2021

On March 13, 2018 two postflexion larval specimens (18.28 mm and 16.80 mm in standard length) belonging to the family Cryptacanthodidae, suborder Zoarcoidei were collected from Sokcho and Gangneung in Gangwon Province. The family Cryptacanthodidae comprises 4 species worldwide: 3 in the North Pacific Ocean and 1 in the western North Atlantic Ocean. As a result of analyzing 620 bp of the mtDNA COI region, the two postflexion larvae collected in this study were identified as Cryptacanthodes bergi by 99.5% agreement with C. bergi adult registered in NCBI. Postflexion larvae of C. bergi are compressed with large eyes and radial pectoral fins and the anus located in front of the center of the body. Melanophores were intensively distributed along the dorsal midline, except for caudal peduncle, and sporadically distributed on the back of the anus. In addition, there were limited star-like melanophores on the back of the gut. This species showed 0.058 genetic distance when compared mtDNA COI region of C. aleutensis, and it was well distinguished in the distribution pattern of black vesicles of the head, count and measurement traits. Considering the morphological and ecological characteristics of this species, we suggest a new Korean name, " Gwisin-jang-gaeng-i ".

• ALGAE
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-13
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• 2006

In this work we report the occurrence of Scytosiphon gracilis Kogame (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) on the Pacific coast of Mexico. This is the first report of S. gracilis outside its previously known distribution in the western North Pacific (Korea and Japan). The identification was based on a morphological revision and a comparison of the plastid-encoded RuBisCO spacer sequences determined for Korean and Mexican algal material. Thalli were collected from the intertidal zone of Saldamando Beach, Baja California, in January 2003. The vegetative structure, as well as habitat and geographic distribution of the species are described. Reproductive structures were not found in our specimens. The poor presence/absence of S. gracilis in previous floristic studies of the area could be due to its small size and low frequency.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2006

Recently we have seen a noticeable trend in ports to establish port clusters. Despite this trend, little research has actually been undertaken to fully define and analyse port clusters. A couple of exceptions have descriptively defined port clusters but the boundaries of port clusters are not apparent. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to define port clusters in terms of set theory and in particular look at them in terms of their distinct characteristics and system boundaries. The main concern of this paper is that there is a need to distinguish, from a system and a competition perspective, between port clusters, ports, maritime clusters and port ranges. This paper proposes a conceptual model relevant to the relationship among port clusters related assemblages and that has been applied to the north western europe region This model suggests six levels of competition that will help port authorities and government to develop appropriate policies and strategies for port operation and port industry.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2013

The long-term variability of sea surface temperature in the East China Sea was reviewed based mainly on published literatures. Though the quantitative results are not the same, it is generally shown that sea surface temperature is increasing especially in recent years with the rate of increase about $0.03^{\circ}C$/year. Other meaningful results presented in the literatures is that the difference of water properties between layers upper and lower than the thermocline in summer shows an increasing trend both in temperature and salinity, suggesting that the stratification has been intensified. As a mechanism by which to evaluate the wintertime warming trend in the region, the weakening of wind strength, which is related to the variation of sea level pressure and atmospheric circulation in the western North Pacific and northern Asian continent, is suggested in the most of related studies.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2022

Beakryoung-do is located in the north along the western coast of South Korea. Owing to its geographical limitations, not many studies have been conducted on marine algae in this region. This study aims to investigate the marine algal flora and the community structure in the intertidal and subtidal zones of Nampo-ri, Beakryoung-myeon, Ongin-gun, Incheon regions of South Korea. The study was conducted from August 2015 to June 2016 during all seasons. A total of 95 algal species, including 7 green algae, 12 brown algae, and 76 red algae were collected and identified; 52 algal species were found in the intertidal zone and 83 in the subtidal zone. The vertical distribution of algae from upper to lower intertidal zone was Neorhodomela aculeata - Caulacanthus okamurae, Gelidiophycus freshwateri - Neorhodomela aculeata, Caulacanthus okamurae - Sargassum thunbergii, Caulacanthus okamurae. Findings indicated that Sargassum thunbergii and Neorhodomela aculeata were the biomass-dominant species in the intertidal zone and Corallina officinalis and Undaria pinnatifida were biomass-dominant in the subtidal zone. Average values of marine algae biomass in the intertidal and subtidal zones were 252.6 g wet weight m^-2 and 291.9 g wet weight m^-2, respectively. Further, 38 new species were found in Beakryoung-do, with 25 of them specifically found in the subtidal zone. More studies on marine algal flora in the subtidal zone are needed to understand the changes in marine flora along the western coast.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

본 논문은 모로코의 종교적 배경과 역사문화적 특징을 이해함으로써 모로코 이민자들의 정착문제나 다양한 목적의 모로코 협력을 위한 방안을 체계화하고자 하였다. 모로코는 교역에서 개방적이고, 사회 문화적 면에서는 전형적이다. 스페인과 프랑스 등 서구 유럽문화의 교류를 해왔지만 전형적인 무슬림을 유지한다. 특히 모로코가 과거 삼각교역의 중심지로써, 디아스포라와 물류 허브였고 북미로 진출하였다. 앞으로도 글로벌 다각교역의 문화확산의 교두부역할은 한다. 지금은 모로코 교역이 프랑스를 비롯한 유럽지역을 중심으로 형성되어 있다. 이는 아프리카 지역의 개방화와 산업화의 진전으로 한국을 비롯한 세계 각국에서도 접하게 된다. COVID-19이후 소프트파워가 여성 접근성을 높이고 있다. 모로코에 대한 비즈니스적인 진출이나 서비스 금융 및 지역적 차원의 접근을 위한 글로벌 삼각 전략지로써, 우리는 한국의 소프트파워인 문화적 산업 및 서비스를 현지에서 수용하게 됨을 방증한다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제33권
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• pp.4-35
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• 2000

The paddling technique is a Kind of secondary treatments in the process of ceramic forming, which appeared in the Chinese Neolithic Age pottery making. In the case of Korean prehistoric pottery making, it was first introduced together with the kiln firing method from Tongpei region(東北地方) of China in Yan(燕) dynasty occupation period. Korean archaeologists have recognized the adoption of the new technologies as a drastic innovation of ceramic production. And most of them have thought that the diffusion of new techniques, accompanied by the migration of the northern ethnic groups, had been immediately followed by the innovative changes in pottery procdution. However, rejecting the arguments from the simple diffusionist viewpoint, I have first tried to describe the innovation processes in the ceramic production systems as a spatio-temporal process. The paddling technique by the cord-wound paddle, which was first introduced among the various paddles, was associated with the new sort of pottery, round pots fired in low temperature of reducing atmosphere condition. The cord-marked round pots first tried by the indigenous potters in the southern part of Korean were characterized by the relatively low leveled techniques in forming and firing, compared to those of north-east China. The techniques of the round pots were hardly improved in the domestic production system until the appearance of the fully-specialized one. The specialized production system of the round pot, which appeared first in the mid-western region of Korea, showed the diversified paddling techniques and made the noticeable improvements in forming and firing processes.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2002

저온 습윤한 1993년 여름철과 고온 건조한 1994년 여름철과 관련된 동아시아에서 대조적인 여름철 몬순순환의 특성을 상, 하층 대류권의 대기순환 특성과 함께 전구 해수온도 및 적도 대류성 강수장을 분석함으로써 조사하였다. 1993년의 경우, 동아시아, 중앙 북태평양 및 미국 서부지역에서 500hpa 면과 200hpa 면의 음의 지위고도 편차가 나타났지만, 1994년의 경우, 이들 지역들에서 양의 편차를 보였다. 1993년의 아열대 제트류는 평년보다 다소 남쪽에 치우쳐져 한반도 북쪽에 위치하였다. 서태평양 아열대 고기압이 남쪽으로 이동하여 동아시아지역에는 평년보다 많은 여름철 강수와 낮은 여름철 기온이 나타났다. 이는 오오츠크해로부터 동해로 저온 습윤한 기단의 확장에 때문으로 판단된다. 대조적으로 1994년의 아열대 제트류는 평년보다 다소 북쪽에 위치하였고, 서태평양 아열대 고기압의 갑작스런 북상은 동아시아 여름철 강수대의 북상을 동반하였다. 따라서, 아시아 여름철 강수 및 기온 편차는 1993년과 반대 양상을 보였다. 적도 태평양상의 해수온 편차에서는, 1993년은 엘니뇨가, 1994년은 라니냐가 각각 나타났다. 오스트레일리아 고기압과 마스카렝 고기압의 북서 연변을 따른 하층 적도 횡단류와 관련된 서태평양과 인도양에서 이상적인 대류성 강수는 이들 대조적인 동아시아 여름철의 대규모 대기순환에 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 동아시아 여름몬순지역에서 평균된 200 hPa 면의 동서바람편차는 한반도 여름 기온편차와 음의 상관을 보였다.