• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2001

This study has tried to explain the background of the inflow of western-style architecture, the influx of foreign architectural technicians, the import of building materials, the inflow of Japanese-style houses, and the course of the inflow of western-style architecture in the Busan area since 1910 so as to make the basic data of the forming course of modern architecture and the study of the modern history of architecture in Korea. The results are as follows. 1) Japanese-style houses and western-style architecture in Korea were brought in by foreigners, not by Koreans, Also, in Busan all sorts of building materials were imported by Japanese. Japanese-style house and western-style architecture were built by Japanese. 2) Japan has planned the network of roads through the expectation of increasing Japanese in the concession. And constructed houses on the rule of construction since 1877. 3) Western-style architecture in Busan was mostly constructed by Japanese carpenters, and they imitated western-style architecture.

• Architectural research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 2021

In contemporary modern architecture, it can be said that Western modern architecture, which has advanced in technology and ideology, is leading the world architecture today. However, because it is pointed out that modern architecture, mainly represented by Western architecture nowadays, is based on the crystal of Western civilization's consumption and capitalist culture, and because it seems not absolute for the eternal sustainable development of the Earth and happiness of Humankind, it is assumed that the new conceptions of Architecture should include the cultural, ecological and environmental characteristics of the region. So because it is thought that the latent characteristics of East Asian architecture including China, Japan and Korea has the advantage of reducing the deficiency of Western modern architecture and contributing to human civilization, this study was written to find a new direction of architecture by finding the differences of architectural characteristics(intrinsic and extrinsic) in the interior of the architectural result through comparison between the Eastern and Western architecture.

• Architectural research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Gojong(高宗) had experienced extravagant change during a period of reign and he was located in the center of the change. He was the king who also experienced various changes in construction and accomplished a large number of construction activities aggressively. Gojong could acquire the information and details about anarchitecture, through the experience of a lot of large-scale construction activities in a regency period of Heungseon-Daewongun(興宣大院君). After opening of a port, as the western culture and technology was flowed in Korea, the knowledge of western architecture also was introduced. Gwanmungak(觀文閣) was constructed in Kyeongbokgung Palace under that influence in 1888, but the construction was not successfully finished. Due to the failure of Gwanmungak, Gojong no more constructed a western architecture until 1897. He was aware of the merits of western architectures while living in the western architecture during Agwanpacheon(俄館播遷). And he led a lot of constructions of the western architectures in Kyeongungung(慶運宮). It is possible to arrange in two reasons about the interest in an architecture of Gojong. Firstly, Gojong was individually interested in the architectures, and he constantly accomplished constructions of new buildings from childhood. And secondly, Gojong thought that western architecture has an advantage in the international situations. He held out the tendencies to construct the western architectures with excessive investments.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.57-76
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• 2011

This study is on the pedagogical convention of architectural history in Korea, especially that of Western Architecture. Recent institutional change in architectural school in Korea has caused overall restructuring of academic program. In spite of extension in the field of history there was no progress of method and way of thinking. There is no change in the point of view to see the western architecture and its history as a unique and specialized phenomenon in the civilization of mankind. Because of no recognition about for what, for whom, and how to, and because of orientalism, the cultural position of western architectural history and its narrative was not asked. With the help of post-colonialism, de-constructivism and critical historiography this paper tries to show the fundamental premise of western architectural history as a myth and show its prejudice as not being justifiable. The background of the discourse there has been a representation effect with regard to knowledge as a power. we need to escape from this kind of cognitional frame With the analysis of the its premise and narrative we can find it is a historical construct that was made in the age of imperialism. In fact it has a lot of false information and problematic point of view. The Identity and originality of western architecture and its history has no logical reason or foundation if we think that it depends on the difference and comparison with other civilization. For example the explanation of its historical origin western architecture has big difference with Islamic architecture in spite of the resemblance each other. This paper try to show several reasons that discourse of western architectural history can not be survived any longer. So we need to reconstruct new pedagogy with deconstruction for the students of non western, or Korean students. Because it has important effect to see and think about architecture and its history.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.16-24
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• 2009

Urban is made over a long period of time. In the process, architecture involves design characteristics of age and place. In the case of modem western style architecture, just depend on the economic logic, they are continuously threatened during urban changes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to recognize modern western style architecture as valuable things, which represents color of urban, and to seek how it can be reused. This is a process in order to find a new method for conservation and reuse of modern western style architecture. The result are as followings. Modern western style architecture must be recognized as resource, which expresses identity of urban, and found a method for conservation and reuse of facade at least. So we need to search design characteristics of facade. It has been analyzed that assigned modem western style architecture in seoul can be divided into 6 groups. Each group has individual characteristics of facade expression, which is 'dormer', 'vent', 'balustrade', 'cornice', 'dome', 'tower', etc in top part, and 'the shape of window and door', 'the element of ornament', 'finish', etc in middle part.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.53-68
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• 1996

This study is on the early historical background and the process of development of modern architecture in Thai, during the period from 1782(King Rama 1) to 1934(King Rama 7). Thai started tn form a connection with western nations from the late 18C, founded the Bangkok Dynasty. Since then, Thai was increasingly influenced by western civilization and this trend included an increasing influence of western architecture. In this paper, the centeral objective is to observe the architectural change during the period from King Rama 1(1782-1809) to King Rama 7(1925-1934). This can be divided into three period. During the first period, from King Rama 1 to King Rama 3(1824-1851), Thai architecture showed a tendency to follow the preceding traditional example and to imitate Chinese architecture. The second period is from King Rama 4(1851-1868) to King Rama 5(1868-1910). During this period, Thai architectural design was increasingly influenced by western concepts, specially European Neo-classicism Style. During the third period, from King Rama 6(1910-1925) to King Rama 7(1925-1934), Thu had been enjoying extensive commerce with western nations. The great developments in the field of architecture during this reign were apparent in the construction of public utilities and facilities. These buildings were designed by western architects. At this time, modern architectural concept of western was introduced.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to find out how Western modern architecture flowed into Korea in extent of architectural mind after openning the port and what the transformations and architectural characteristics are in the spreading process. Significance of this study can be found as a fundamental work to look into modem architecture in the point of architectural paradigm, the meaning of which is the link between traditional and contemporary architecture through inflow and settling of Western modem architecture in the modern age of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.11-24
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• 2015

There have not been many debates on the subject of Korean architecture during the transformative period of Gae Wha Gi (開化期: Enlightenment Period of Korea), when Western-style buildings first appeared in Seoul. This study begins by finding and recording those buildings in Seoul that show the gradual adoption and appropriation of Western architectural elements at the turn of the 20th century. By exploring the confluence of two different architectural styles, this paper attempts to look carefully at the hybrid conditions that resulted from encounters between the Koreans and the Westerners in the late 19th and early 20th century. Beginning with discovering the first products of the Western architectural influence in Seoul, this study explores the uneasy co-existence between the traditional Korean architectural style, and the Western architectural style. This co-existence ultimately bred new building techniques, and interior layouts; the appearance of these hybrid buildings illustrate the gradual transition from the traditional way, in which users modified, combined and appropriated various elements from both styles. Analyzing historical documents and photos, this study tries to capture a detailed image of the period when the influence of the Western architecture had an unavoidable impact and brought change to the traditional architecture of Korea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.218-227
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• 2011

Korean commercial architecture is based on two distinctive characteristics of western modern architecture: grid frame structure and free facade. However, the original facade of the building disappears as numbers of commercial advertisements and signboards representing inner programs cover up the original facade. This is a unique feature of commercial architecture in Korea which I would call the surface phenomena of Korean commercial architecture. Common criticism on this type of building is that too many and too big signboards infringe upon the original pure facade of the architecture. Underlying assumption here is that signboards and commercial ads are inessential and decorative elements simply attached to the original pure facade of modern architecture. However, in this paper, I argue that commercial decorations is an essential aspect of korean commercial architecture rather than an inessential decorative element attached later to the essential facade of architecture and that it reflects the historical specificity of cultural and architectural modernity of Korea And thus, the surface phenomena of Korean commercial architecture should not be judged based upon the aesthetic paradigms of either western modern or postmodern architecture. Rather, it can be argued that surface phenomena of Korean commercial architecture is a reflection of a modernity beyond the paradigm of western modernism and postmodernism. The agenda of Korean commercial architecture is then not simply to restrict or to control signboards on the building facades with the intention to clean up facade of the building but rather to integrate the signs and commercial ads with the structure of architectural surface.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.131-150
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• 1998

Main theme of this study is the acceptance phase of western architectural culture in modern east-north asia through a series of actual survey and typological analysis of existing church buildings in modern Korea. China. Japan. For this study, 126 modern church buildings of Korea, China, Japan are selected. Also, main subject of this study has deal with the side of culture - thought which background of christianity acceptance and acceptance mind of acceptance main-body, culture adaptation and transformation based on characteristic culturalization of Korea, China, Japan. Especially, I would consistently tried to see the acceptance phase of western architectural culture according to differential acceptance mind of acceptance main-body based on characteristic culturalization of three countries. Conclusively, in the point of view of western architectural culture acceptance phase, it could be said that Korean church architecture had characterized as a blending phase of the two eclectic architectural culture. And in the case of china, as a coexistance phase of the two architectural culture with more western style-oriented. On the other hand, Japanese church architecture had characterized as a syncretism phase of the both traditional and western architectural culture, though it is eclectic style-oriented. Therefore, it is thought that different acceptance mind of western culture had main factors caused of differential acceptance phase, when the two architectural culture, the traditional and the western, encounters.