• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

Environmental issues had arisen following industrialization with rapid physical growth of city and its consequences: widened metropolitan areas, uncontrolled reconstructions of new metropolitan areas, many social issues, such as declines of existing metropolitan areas. Due to these issues, new development policies have been made in order to find identities and reconstruct new images of cities. This research aims to remind the meaning of conservation of modern construction and building re-use, and to identify values of modern architectures in the context of a city. Regeneration of cities is not only finding national identities, but also expecting to increase inflow of foreign travellers. However, this regeneration hasn't stayed sustainable, focusing only on short-term curing of the problem in limited areas. This work analyzes cases of modern architecture, historic buildings from various cultures: Western, Japanese, Chinese. The result of the analysis shows that the value of existing buildings and citizen participation is necessary to revitalize cities. Four characteristics have been also identified: historic relationship, spatial identity, spatial presence, and approachable efficiency. For a potential solution, cities need to be viewed from multiple perspectives to find a method to generate new vitality for a city whose values should be recognized as an asset through sustainable re-use, by transforming modern construction as a heritage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

In the history of art and architecture, there are different characteristics in relationship between light and space. Among them, two characteristics seem to be fundamental : The first is that contrast between light and darkness is more articulated. Direct sunlight penetrates into the dark interior space made by heavy masonry structure. This is generally found in the traditional western religious buildings. The second is that light is mixed with darkness and becomes shade. Shade is different from shadow that is usually perceived as the opposite of light. Sunlight is filtered under through the big horizontal roof and rice paper walls in the traditional far-east Asian architecture and becomes weak ambient light. In this shade, there is no strong contrast between light and darkness. This difference is not only originated from the architectural differences, but also originated from the conceptual differences about light, space, and the world in two cultures. This paper tries to study the philosophical, aesthetical backgrounds as well as case examples in art and architecture of two characteristics. Based on the case studies, this paper aims to analyze the main perceptual structure. Finding the relationship between light, space, and human body by making three dimensional models is the crucial analysis method of this research. Although in real life and experiencing the world, these two characteristics are not clearly separated, comparative study based on different cultures gives opportunity to think of diverse perspectives on light and space.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Korean shipbuilding companies have sometimes carried out sea trials to measure a vessel's speed performance around the western channel of the Straits of Korea, where the flow fields are very complicated because of the effect of various flows such as sea, tidal, geostrophic, and wind-driven currents. Because these flows seem to present significant interference to a ship, the numerical reproduction of the flow-fields in the vicinity of the target sites could provide a better understanding of the sea environments while performing sea trials. In this study, we used the MEC ocean model to simulate the tidal currents around Tsushima Island and compared the simulated tidal amplitudes and currents with the measurements of Teague et al. (2001). The tidal amplitudes of the present simulation results agreed well with the observations. Based on the numerical simulation, the optimal direction and proper sites for a speed trial are described.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to reveal the kind of traditional perspectives we can use from the past to create a sustainable society for the future and to contribute to the growing interest in, and concern for, environmentally-sound designs. Such perspectives include ways to sustain naturalistic aesthetic views, elements of architectural design, and ideas for traditional lifestyles. Architecture that used these methods would contribute to a more ecologically sensitive view of man's place within the natural environment. This research was conducted by way of literature reviews; the objects of study were physically extant traditional housing, the composition of the traditional village, and traditional lifestyles. The results of this study indicate that the ecological characteristics of traditional Korean homes originated from a holistic conception of society and nature; this holistic conception has been found lacking in our more modern, western influenced homes. In the past, in order to leave an unpolluted or even healthier natural environment to descendents, it was essential to apply ecological principles. Villages harmonized with nature and houses were designed to utilize sunlight and wind. Their natural construction promoted consciousness of human beings and their symbiotic relationship with nature.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

As ongoing construction of a new municipal government building leads to the destruction of the interior of the Kyungsung Municipal Government Building(currentlySeoul Metropolitan City Hall) despite its enormous historic value, this study aims to identify the unique features of spatial composition and interior design of the Kyungsung Municipal Government Building, which is widely known as a typical example of public architecture of the 1920s. The primary goal is to perform a systemic arrangement of its interior data and define the modern historic implications of its interior design, thereby laying the foundation for a compilation of the history of modern interior design. From a historical perspective, the Kyungsung Municipal Government Building-an explicit symbol of Japanese colonial supremacy-has served as the administrative hub of a hugecity for 19 years during the Japanese colonial rule and for 64 years following Korea's independence from Japan. From the perspective of architectural history, it also represents modern transitional buildingsin their shift from historicism into modernism, as manifested by its reasonable placement of interior space matching well with topographical form, easy access by citizens, open office space, and, excluding decoration, a simple and non-authoritarian exterior. Its interior design style follows Western historicist architecture, whereasits simple interior decoration embodies expressive characteristics of pragmatic simplicity. Such elements are notably found in the Grand Central Hall, the Municipal Head's Reception Room, and the Grand Conference Room.

• Architectural research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

Concern about global environment has been increasing in recent years. Efforts to minimize the environmental impact to the globe as well as human beings have increased, especially in the late twentieth century. The study researches one of the solutions for the environmentally friendly building construction, which can contribute to sustaining the world environment. Assessment and proposals are made for high-rise apartments, one of the most popular construction types nowadays in Korea. Since the volume of high-rise apartment construction is so great, a small improvement in each building will make a great contribution. Assessments are made over the life-span of apartment buildings. A tool named EIAHA (Environmental Impact Assessment for High-rise Apartment) has been made through references from western examples, mainly in the UK. The components of EIAHA include passive design strategies, building materials, energy consumption during building operation and management/maintenance. Although the issues are on a global scale, solutions are sought on regional scale. Korean high-rise apartments are assessed with the tool and suggestions for sustainable development are made mainly for improvement of embodied energy of building materials and the life of buildings.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.240-254
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to suggest new direction to the historical research society of Korean architecture by epistemological discussion. Korean architectural history at present, without question of history for what, for whom, and how, is regarded as 'history for the past' only 'to describe past' or 'to collect correct data' However, history is beyond that; history ought to suggest a direction of present and near future. Moreover, architecture is not pure but applied knowledge, that is, focused to 'how to build'. Therefore, past historical knowledge by research should influence to present design. In order to do that, history of mere data collection should change direction to the history of meaning by interpretation, and then, of finding design principle. The principle used in architectural community becomes theory in scientific research community, and finally is unified to 'theory of practice'. Creative history should be substituted for retrospective history reusing historical reservoir, at the specific situation of Korea; tradition has been discontinued drastically and Western method imported to the point of being culturally-colonized. Some expmples of altanative history are suggested at the end of this paper as conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.21-32
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• 1992

This paper is studied on the concept of environmental cognition on accordance with the oriental(especially Buddhism) process of thinking. The Yeongiron(theroy : one of th most famous philosophy of Buddhism, the theory of cause and occasion) consists of the upgam-yeongi, the aroeyasik-yeongi, the chinyeo-yeongi and the pupkye-yeongi. And the concept of these theory are as follows: The conceptural elements of upgam-yeongi consist of sack(色), soo(受), sand(想), hand(行), sik(識). The elements connects with the western environmental psychology such as sack and objects, soo and stimuli, sand and perception, hand and cognition, sik and behavior. Similarly, aroeyasik-yeongi that consist of sangbun(相分), kyunbun(見分), chajungbun(自證分), chungjajungbun(證自證分) connects with objects, perception, cognition, behavior too. The chinyeo-yeongi divide into smase(三細) and yukchu(육추), the samse consist of mumyungupsang(無 明業相), nungyunsand(能見相), kyungyesand(境界相) and the yukchu consist of chisang(智相), sangsoksang(相續相), chipchisang(執取相), kyemyungjasang(計明字相), kiupsang(起業相), upgyegosang(業繫苦相). These elements are relates with the concept of western environmental psychology from objects to behavior too. Pupkye-yeongi represent a characteristic of objects itself rather than a process of environmental cognition. However this study has limitations that the religion and scientific methods should be compare. sack(色) : an elements of it's derivation, all kinds of material soo(受) : a function of reception, feeling sang(想) : a representation of a thought in the mind hang(行) : mental operation sik(識) : a function of judgement sangbun(相分) : the thing in itself kyunbun(見分) : a reflection in the mind chajungbun(自證分) : confirmation of kyunbun chungjajungbyn(證自證分) : self-consciousness through self-examination mumyungupsang(無明業相) : a state of mixture with the object and the subject nungyunsang(能見相) : an operation of the subject kyungyesang(境界相) : a formation of object chisang(智相) : the beginning of distinction sangsoksang(相續相) : a judgement chipchisang(執取相) : a rsponse kiupsang(起業相) : have a influence to the next behavior upgyegosang(業界苦相) : retribution

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.7-28
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• 2005

We are so used to the concept of the term 'space' that we do not question its conceptual validity. However, this paper argues that the notion of space prevailing all over the world, is not a universal concept that can be applicable to all architectures of the world, but is a particular concept that is generated from the Western way of thinking. This paper alms to identify the conceptual structure of the idea of space as it is originated in the tradition of the West, and, as an alternative view of space, tries to identify the nature of the view of space perceived in the tradition of the Eastern architecture. Comparison of the two views, that of the East and the West, and their meaning in the future of architecture, is another task to discuss in this paper. To be able to clarify the meaning of space in East Asian tradition, a set of new perspective of understanding of space was invited. They are ; 1. sky-earth(天地); insisting that the notion of space should be replaced within the context of sky, which is one half of sky-earth totality 2. energy of the air (空氣), space is not empty part inside of a building, but is a dynamic condition of air that is a part of the sky which always exist in form of energy 3. place(자리): instead of space, which, basically. is a man-made concept, idea of place is necessary, which include not only space but also earth Such concept of space which is different from the notion of space of the West, is meaningful not only to identify the idea of space in the East, but also to be able to contribute for more dynamic, varied, and balanced understanding of space.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.89-100
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• 2019

In modern Korean architecture, some of school buildings have been referred to as Tudor Gothic style by its design elements. But, to be more exact in detail, they have to be interpreted as a Collegiate Gothic style that has occurred in the United States since the mid-19th century. Therefore, this study explains the progress of Collegiate Gothic style in the United States through the literature published since the 19th century, and examines the adoptation process of Korea. In addition, this thesis analyzes the characteristics of American Collegiate Gothic style and the elements of Collegiate Gothic style universally adopted in Korea, and then attempts a new interpretation on the representative Collegiate Gothic architecture in Korea. The results of this research are as follows. The Collegiate Gothic style in the United States caused by the change of educational environment in the 19th century was accepted for religious purposes by foreign architects such as Henry K. Murphy and W. Vories, and was also accepted by domestic architects who were directly influenced by Western architecture such as Park, Dong-jin. In addition, the accepted Collegiate Gothic style shows common features not only in the decoration of Tudor Gothic but also in the material and compositional aspects such as the quadrangle plans and the rock-faced exterior facades. From the point of view of the Collegiate Gothic style then in vogue at many schools and universities, further researches will be needed to interpret modern school architectures in Korea.