• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2019

On May 1, 2019, the Minister of Health and Welfare announced publicly the first Comprehensive Plan of National Health Insurance (NHI). The Comprehensive Plan which is the 5-year plan including expenditure and revenue aspect of NHI, is desirable in 42 years of introduction of NHI and 30 years of universal coverage of NHI, though the Plan was late and had some conflict process. The Comprehensive Plan was established without evaluation of Moon's Care Plan, did not included to relationship with NHI and other health security systems, and did not have the blue print of NHI. The Plan was not sufficient in content of adequate health care utilization and relationship with service benefit and cash benefit. The Comprehensive Plan should be modified in considering the blue print of NHI and national healthcare system with participating stakeholder in turbulent environment-low fertility, rapid ageing, low economic growth rate, era of non-communicable diseases, unification of the Korean Peninsula, and 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, I suggest to establish the President's Committee of Improving Healthcare System for the blue print of health care and NHI.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2013

It is commonplace to refer to the Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and Iceland as a distinctive and homogenous welfare regime. As far as social housing is concerned, however, the institutional heritage of the respective countries significantly frames the ways in which social housing is understood, regulated and subsidized, and, in turn, how housing regimes respond to the general challenges to the national welfare states. The paper presents a historical institutionalist approach to understanding the diversity of regime responses in the modern era characterized by increasing marketization, welfare criticism and internationalization. The aim is to provide outside readers a theoretically guided empirical insight into Scandinavian social housing policy. The paper first lines up the core of the inbuilt argument of historical institutionalism in housing policy. Secondly, it briefly introduces the distinctive ideal typical features of the five housing regimes, which reveals the first internal distinction between the universal policies of Sweden and Denmark selective policies of Iceland and Finland. The Norwegian case constitutes a transitional model from general to selective during the past quarter of a decade. The third section then concentrates on the differences between Denmark, Sweden and Norway in which social housing is, our was originally, embedded in a universal welfare policy targeting the general level of housing quality for the entire population. Differences stand out, however, between finance, ownership, regulation and governance. The historical institutional argument is, that these differences frame the way in which actors operating on the respective policy arenas can and do respond to challenges. Here, in this section we lose Norway, which de facto has come to operate in a residual manner, due to contemporary effects of the long historical heritage of home ownership. The fourth section then discusses the recent challenges of welfare criticism, internationalization and marketization to the universal models in Denmark and Sweden. Here, it is argued that the institutional differences between the Swedish model of municipal ownership and the Danish model of independent cooperative social housing associations provides different sources of resistance to the prospective dismantlement of social housing as we know it. The fifth section presents the recent Danish reform of the governance model of social housing policy in which the housing associations are conceived of as 'dialogue partners' in the local housing policy, expected to create solutions to, rather than produce problems in social housing areas. The reform testifies to the strategic ability of the Danish social housing associations to employ their historically grounded institutional relative independence of the public system.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

Unlike previous studies, this study looked at the effect of the ideological tendencies of local government heads on the social welfare budget as a longitudinal study. This study was made possible by the election of the head of a progressive group in Gumi-si, a stronghold of conservatives, after the implementation of the local self-government system. Therefore, in this study, the change process of the political ideological orientation of Gumi-si's heads and the social welfare budget by year were listed and time-series analysis was conducted using actual cases of Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk for more than 12 years. As a result of the analysis, first, as in the cross-sectional analysis, in the longitudinal study, the change in the rate of increase in the social welfare budget according to the political ideological tendencies of the head of the local government showed a meaningful difference. Second, as in the previous cross-sectional analysis, the social welfare budget increased in the year before the election. Third, the same change in the growth rate as in the second did not appear at the end of the third elected term. All studies on the relationship between the political ideological tendencies of local government heads (including local councils) and the social welfare budget have been cross-sectional. However, this study has great implications in terms of the results of the first longitudinal cross-sectional analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.443-453
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• 2015

In 1922, Hongneung forest was established to support the study of Korean forestry. Nowadays the forest also plays a role as urban forest which provides a green space for local people. This paper proposes the better management plan of Hongneung forest based on visitor monitoring. On-site surveys with a structured questionnaire were carried out from August to November in 2014 and total 750 data were analyzed. The survey results are as follows: 1) Visitors were inclusive of all age groups and most of them lived nearby Hongneung forest, 2) Visitors used the forest mainly for recreational purposes and recognized the forest as 'Green space' rather than 'experimental forest', 3) Visitors had great satisfaction from the forest visit and raised the necessity of more environment education and promotion of the program. Based on the results, the following solutions have been suggested: 1) Environment education will help visitors to raise awareness on the importance of Hongneung forest which plays a role as both experimental and urban forest, 2) Systematic visitor monitoring can contribute to efficient visitor management and administration of the areas. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish a visitor management system that enable to achieve a harmonization between nature conservation and recreational demands as well as to improve management of natural resource and service.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2004

Purpose: Hypertension has been a major cause of death in Korea since the 1970s, and has resulted in being a significant economic burden to the finances of national health care. The Ministry of Health and Welfare made several efforts. but hypertension control programs in Korea are still non standardized and ineffective. We wanted to investigate the current hypertension control program in public health centers systematically and suggest the direction for future programs. Method: The design of this study is a cross sectional investigation. From September to October in 2002, we sent a set of questionnaires to all PHCs, and 179 centers responded (response rate = 74.0%). The instrument was developed based on components of National health systems. Results: 1) Resources: The department responsible for hypertension control programs is the Department of Health Promotion. Health Education Center, Community Health Center, Citizen's Health Center, etc. The chief personnel of those departments are nurses. but 27.4% of PHCs have no full time nurse for hypertension management programs. PHCs had a lot of teaching materials (nine types per a PHC) and most of the recommended contents were included. But, periodical evaluation and revision were not being made, 2) Management: Nurses' (13.03 9.46 in 23 score) actions for hypertension control were not qualitative, but regular training and evaluation were seldom carried out. Need assessment (25.9%) and evaluation (about 10-20%) for the hypertension control program were indicated as low. 3) Programs: Programs focused on individuals rather than community or public, and 2nd prevention rather than 1st, 3rd prevention. Conclusion: The Ministry of Health and Welfare has to construct the infrastructure for hypertension control programs. Related scholars and committees should develop and declare standardized manuals for hypertension control and the management system, as well.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.247-280
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual conditions of management of the healthy family field practicum and to present suggestions for its improvement. For this purpose, a preliminary investigation, survey, data analysis, interview as secondary source, and final data analysis were processed as research methods. The subjects of this study were the 42 supervisors in the centers which oversee the field practicum experience and the 12 supervisors in the centers which do not oversee the field practicum experience. 3 supervisors were interviewed to inquire about the reformation of field instruction in Healthy Family Support Centers. Analysis was made of the general characteristics of the above-mentioned 54 supervisors, including sex, age, academic background, certificate of qualification, class of position, and length of career related to the healthy family program. The environment of the field practice, such as the numbers of students supervised, time of field practice, practice hours, and so on, was examined in the centers which oversee the field practicum experience. The actual condition of operation investigated was divided into the preparatory stage, the early stage, the midterm stage, and the end stage. Research was conducted on the improvement of the field practicum, including the proper number of students supervised, adequate practice hours, interaction with universities or colleges, obstacles to the field practicum, and of practicum. The possibility and preparation of a further field practicum was conducted for 12 Healthy Family Support Centers, by inquiring about (a) the reasons for not overseeing the field practicum experience and (b) the needs of universities or colleges for a field practicum. The 54 supervisors surveyed suggested a particular need for improvement in human resources, the space of field instruction, system of field practicum, length of practice hours, orientation for students etc. This study investigated the actual conditions and suggested improvements of the field practicum in Healthy Family Support Centers. Therefore, its results should be meaningfully used to develop the Field Practicum for the Healthy Family and to conduct further studies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1826-1831
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• 2022

Rapid Aging Society demands the transformation of medical paradigm of diagnosis and treatment towards prevention and management. This paper explores the norm and development of digital health care, focusing on Busan Metropolitan City. Digital health care which combines new ICT technology and medical technology is predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory; and suggests alternative to solve the problem of demographic changes and increasing social cost of medical welfare. Community Health Center in Busan is unique one based in the minimum community of collecting data from self-leading health management. Digital transformation using basic health data and social information can build preventive care system in the community. Easy access leads community center to test bed of developing new technology, as a living lab. In order to use the newly developed goods and service effectively, user-participatory test is nicessary. Finally community nurse and activists can specify health-welfare converged service through digital transformation empowerment training.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2017

Since the industrialization of swine production in the late 1900s, swine farms in the United States, as well as in Europe, have largely become consolidated. Pig farms became larger in size but fewer in number, with 91% of market pigs being produced by large operations with 5,000 or more pigs on-site in the US, and only 3% of the total utilized agricultural land representing organic farming. Such change in the market made it difficult for small farmers to stay competitive, forcing them to find alternative ways to reduce the cost of production and increase profit using the outdoor production system. In contrast to the indoor confinement system, outdoor production system uses pasture-based units and/or deep-bedded hoop structures that promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability with a lower capital investment. In accord with the growing concern for animal and environmental welfare and food safety by the consumers, small farmers practicing an outdoor production system are seeing increased opportunities for marketing their products in the pork niche market. Unlike the general belief that the reproductive and growth performance measures of the outdoor sows and piglets are poorer in comparison with the animals reared indoors, studies showed that there was no significant difference in the performance measures, and some traits were even better in outdoor animals. Improved reproductive and production traits can increase the sustainability of outdoor farming. Present study reviewed the recent studies comparing the performance measures, meat quality and health of indoor and outdoor animals, as well as the efforts to improve the outdoor production system through changes in management such as hut types and breed of animals.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of changes in pain on the autonomic nervous system and brain waves after inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Based on voluntary participation, 28 participants with induced-DOMS were randomly divided into control(non-treatment, n=14) and experiment groups(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and kinesio taping, n=14). Intervention was performed from first day to fifth days after the onset of DOMS. Measurements were performed using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and brain wave before DOMS induction, 24 hours after, fifth day after, and eighth day after. According to the study results, when DOMS occurred, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system was increased or the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system was suppressed, and reduction of pain due to interventions showed the opposite activity. A decreased in alpha was seen during pain, but was not significant. These results will help develop and study pain management and treatment strategies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.261-268
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• 2022

Recently, the number of elderly living alone suffering from loneliness and depression is also increasing significantly due to the rapid aging of the population and nuclear families. In this paper, we propose a smart aging system that increases life satisfaction by providing the elderly with the optimal service tailored to the elderly with the help of IT according to their residential environment and health status. It is possible to provide an advanced customized support system for the elderly by fully utilizing IoT, AI, and Metaverse techniques not only for the elderly who want to live an active life in society but also for the elderly who need care in a nursing hospital. The proposed system provides human satisfaction by providing social connection in real space and virtual space in accordance with the residential environment and health status to the elderly suffering from loneliness in hospital (hospital care) facilities and at home. This paper proposes a new path for future-oriented welfare policy for the elderly by providing a user-customized smart aging system by combining AI and Metaverse technology with a rapidly changing social environment.