• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.598-601
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• 2008

The people, who can't deal with urine and feces by themselves because they can't recognize it, deal with urine and feces with help of protector (Or nurse). For the case of urine and feces, disease of ulcerated flesh of hip like unpleasant feeling, pressure sore, humid tetter due to wetness of diaper can be prevented by changing diaper instantly. However, those people can't be possible to express their opinion, so they can't express their opinion on urine and feces or endure sense of shame. So there is a problem which can't check presence of urine and feces instantly. Accordingly, in order to solve this problem, qualitative improvement of nursing service can be generated by developing u-Care product which instantly let know urine and feces to protector (Or nurse) by perceiving automatically, and benefit of welfare on social dependent class like low income old people and solitude old people can be increased by reducing social welfare expense with increment of nursing expense.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.179-204
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to establish the concept of the blind zone of social services and analyzing the conditions by children, the elderly, the disabled, and the poor. This study used the raw data of demand/supply of social service and sample size is 4,038. Results of the study were as follows. First, in terms of the coverage, the biggest blind zones of social service are the employment support and cultural service. These results were similar for all households. But, it is noteworthy that the size and proportion of blind zones of housing support services for children, counseling services for elderly are relatively big. Second, in terms of adequacy, the most serious blind zones of social service are health and the employment support service. Especially, the elderly, the disabled, and the poor are not the most adequate adult care services and children are community service. Based on such findings, this study suggests expansion of employment support services and health care, monitoring for the services analyzed to be over-supply, and intensive involvement of private sectors about the services provided by the government of a large blind zone.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.287-314
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• 2008

This paper tests the stigma hypothesis and administration hypothesis on the illegal take-up group and non take-up group in the National Livelihood Security Program. A set of survey data, using multinomial logistic model, was analyzed for this purpose. Compared with the legal take-up group, the feature of illegal take-up group which has more workable household supports the administration hypothesis - the low skill of means-test office would increase the possibility of benefit fraud. The features of non take-up group support both the stigma hypothesis - the stigma prevents eligible person from participating in the social assistance program, and the administration hypothesis - the administration office is apt to make error to deny the eligibility of person who has supposed family supporters.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2016

This paper examines whether the pension systems of the western countries which was traditionally classified into the Beveridgean and Bismarckian pension regime will converge after recent pension reforms in the financial sustainability and adequacy perspective by comparing between UK, Germany and Sweden. As a result of pension reforms for the last 20 years, the gap between the Beveridgean and Bismarckian pension regime will be likely to decrease and, in particular, the tendency to convergency in adequacy is found. Even though it is not jumped to a conclusion that public pension expenditure between the three countries is likely to converge, the tendency to convergency in financial sustainability is also found if the difference of demographic aging between countries is considered. The paper suggests that it is necessary to make agreement between the range of pension expenditure and replacement ratio that western countries suggest in pension debate in Korea, instead of hitherto useless controversy between financial sustainability and adequacy.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4_spc
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• pp.775-785
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• 2024

Pork production is a significant agricultural enterprise in the United States and Canada. The United States is the third-largest global producer of pork and Canada ranks seventh in pork production. The North American Free Trade Agreement and its successor, the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, have facilitated trade and integration between the two countries. The majority of production systems are modern and intensive, characterized by large vertically integrated farms using advanced technologies. Both nations benefit from their status as major producers of feed grains, with the United States leading in corn and soybeans, while Canada excels in canola and barley production. The regulatory frameworks for food safety, animal welfare, and environmental stewardship differ slightly, with the FDA and USDA overseeing these aspects in the United States, and Health Canada and the Canada Food Inspection Agency in Canada. The United States and Canada also have well-established distribution networks for pork products, relying on both domestic and international markets. Export markets play a crucial role, with the United States being a major importer of Canadian pigs, and both countries exploring opportunities in Asia. Despite a rise in global demand, domestic pork consumption trends differ, with per capita consumption remaining stable in the USA and declining in Canada. Changing consumer preferences, including a demand for ethically raised and locally sourced pork, may influence production practices. Future trends in pig production include a focus on consumer concerns, sustainability, disease prevention, reduction of antimicrobial use, and advancements in technology. The industry is adapting to challenges such as disease outbreaks and changing regulations, with a strong emphasis on animal welfare. Labor and workforce considerations, along with advancements in technology and automation, are expected to shape the efficiency of pork production in the future.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-130
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• 2008

Using data from the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS), this study investigates private income transfers in Korea, where adult children have undertaken the most responsibility of supporting their elderly parents without well-established social safety net for the elderly. According to the KLIPS data, three out of five households provided some type of support for their aged parents and two out of five households of the elderly received financial support from their adult children on a regular base. However, the private income transfers in Korea are not enough to alleviate the impact of the fall in the earned income of those who retired and are approaching an age of needing financial assistance from external source. The monthly income of those at least the age of 75, even with the earning of their spouses, is below the staggering amount of 450,000 won, which indicates that the elderly in Korea are at high risk of poverty. In order to analyze microeconomic factors affecting the private income transfers to the elderly parents, the following three samples extracted from the KLIPS data are used: a sample of respondents of age 50 or older with detailed information on their financial status; a five-year household panel sample in which their unobserved family-specific and time-invariant characteristics can be controlled by the fixed-effects model; and a sample of the younger split-off household in which characteristics of both the elderly household and their adult children household can be controlled simultaneously. The results of estimating private income transfer models using these samples can be summarized as follows. First, the dominant motive lies on the children-to-parent altruistic relationship. Additionally, another is based on exchange motive, which is paid to the elderly parents who take care of their grandchildren. Second, the amount of private income transfers has negative correlation with the income of the elderly parents, while being positively correlated with the income of the adult children. However, its income elasticity is not that high. Third, the amount of private income transfers shows a pattern of reaching the highest level when the elderly parents are in the age of 75 years old, following a decreasing pattern thereafter. Fourth, public assistance, such as the National Basic Livelihood Security benefit, appears to crowd out private transfers. Private transfers have fared better than public transfers in alleviating elderly poverty, but the role of public transfers has been increasing rapidly since the welfare expansion after the financial crisis in the late 1990s, so that one of four elderly people depends on public transfers as their main income source in 2003. As of the same year, however, there existed and occupied 12% of the elderly households those who seemed eligible for the National Basic Livelihood benefit but did not receive any public assistance. To remove elderly poverty, government may need to improve welfare delivery system as well as to increase welfare budget for the poor. In the face of persistent elderly poverty and increasing demand for public support for the elderly, which will lead to increasing government debt, welfare policy needs targeting toward the neediest rather than expanding universal benefits that have less effect of income redistribution and heavier cost. Identifying every disadvantaged elderly in dire need for economic support and providing them with the basic livelihood security would be the most important and imminent responsibility that we all should assume to prepare for the growing aged population, and this also should accompany measures to utilize the elderly workforce with enough capability and strong will to work.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.23-46
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to estimate effects of healthy city policies on reducing social costs. The analyses were dune at the cities, counties, and communities levels in 2009, and covered Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA). For estimation of reducing social costs, it developed a system dynamics(SD) model that analyzed causal relationships between physical inactivity rates, the number of deaths, medical expenses, and total social costs. Simulation period of SD was from 2009 to 2030. Three alternatives were proposed with combinations of length of bike lanes, number of bus routes, crime rates, self-reported good health status rates, and obesity rates. The total estimated cost of physical inactivities from 2009 to 2030 was 31.9 trillion won from the future forecast without policies. As a result of simulations with three alternatives, there were economic benefit approximately from 119.7 billion won to 1.16 trillion won. This study contributed to better understanding the economic benefits of healthy cities that were associated with design of built environment and physical activity. It also emphasized the importance of healthy cities planning as one of national welfare polices.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to test the effects of participating self-growth program on ego-integrity and family relationship satisfaction of the elderly women. The subjects were 15 elderly women of low education. The levels of ego-integrity, including life attitudes, wisdom toward life, acceptance of life, and acceptance of death, and family relation satisfaction were measured before and after completing the program sessions. The program of eight sessions was conducted twice a week, for two hours. A significant difference in ego integrity, relation satisfaction with children, and relation satisfaction with grandchildren was found between pre- and post-test scores. The results show that elderly women can benefit from programs enhancing ego integrity and relation satisfaction with offspring. This study can be utilized in the Healthy Family Support Centers or the elderly welfare program for improvement of ego-integrity and parent-child relationship satisfaction of the elderly.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

Purpose - This study attempted to discover the impact of the Korea-China FTA(Free Trade Agreement) on electronic products distribution industry. Strategies will be provided to expand both countries' trade after the Korea-China FTA. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the differences before and after the Korea-China FTA, using an RCA(Revealed Comparative Advantage) index, TC(Technology Sophistication Index) index and TSI(Trade Specialization Index) that considered the FTA tariff situation. Data was collected from the International Trade Statistics Database and Korea, China Customs Service. Results - The results indicate that following the Korea-China FTA, China and Korea's bilateral trade of electronic products is expected to expand, and both countries will experience net welfare gains from the markets' expansion. Korea is competitive in several key products, although it faces competition from China. China's electronic products' competitiveness have indicated an increasing trend. Conclusions - The two countries should closely cooperate and communicate with each other. Ultimately, Korea should focus on high-tech, sophisticated techniques to gain market advantage. On the other hand, with the tariff decrease as well as the labor cost and labor force base, China will greatly be able to benefit from the manufacturing of medium- to low-end products in the future.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-57
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• 2014

Using unemployment insurance and income-contingent loan (ICL) that conditions repayment by debtors upon their incomes this paper characterizes an efficient income support system for the unemployed, which maximizes their lifetime utilities by effectively enhancing inter-state and inter-temporal consumption-smoothing subject to incentive constraints on the part of the beneficiaries. This paper also emphasizes the generality of the argument for a mix of ICL and subsidy that may be applied potentially to many types of government welfare program.