• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

In this study, we perform a simulation study to compare frequently used standardization methods for interview scores based on trimmed mean, rank mean, and z-score mean. In this simulation study we assume that interviewer's score is influenced by a weighted average of true interviewee's true score and independent noise whose weight is determined by the professionality of the interviewer. In other words, as interviewer's professionality increases, the observed score becomes closer to the true score and if interviewer's professionality decreases, the observed score becomes closer to the noise instead of the true score. By adding interviewer's tendency bias to the weighed average, final interviewee's score is assumed to be observed. In this simulation, the interviewers's cores for each method are computed and then the method is considered best whose rank correlation between the method's scores and the true scores is highest. Simulation results show that when the true score is from normal distributions, z-score mean is best in general and when the true score is from Laplace distributions, z-score mean is better than rank mean in full interview system, where all interviewers meet all interviewees, and rank mean is better than z-score mean in half split interview system, where the interviewers meet only half of the interviewees. Trimmed mean is worst in general.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-35
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• 2017

The method of weighted sum of evaluation using AHP is widely used in feasibility analysis and alternative selection. Final scores are given in forms of weighted sums and the alternative with largest score is selected. With two alternatives, as in feasibility analysis, the final score greater than 0.5 gives the selection but there remains a question that how large is large enough. KDI suggested a concept of 'grey area' where scores are between 0.45 and 0.55 in which decisions are to be made with caution, but it lacks theoretical background. Statistical testing was introduced to answer the question in some studies. It was assumed some kinds of probability distribution, but did not give the validity on them. We examine the various cases of weighted sum of evaluation score and show why the statistical testing has to be introduced. We suggest a non-parametric testing procedure which does not assume a specific distribution. A case study is conducted to analyze the validity of our suggested testing procedure. We conclude our study with remarks on the implication of analysis and the future way of research development.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.565-573
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• 2014

Purpose: Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) launched an Acute Myocardial Infarction(AMI) assessment for the Payment For Performance(Quality Incentives) Pilot Project from July 2007. Assessment measures of AMI were composed of five process measures and one outcome measure, and each measure was incorporated into one composite quality score to Pay for Performance. Method: For calculation of composite quality score, we considered weighting for the measures using the Delphi method. The questionnaire was composed of three measure groups, 'Reperfusion rate'(Fibrolytic therapy received within 60 minutes of hospital arrival, Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention within 120 minutes of hospital arrival), 'Medication prescription rate'(Aspirin at arrival, Aspirin prescribed at discharge, Beta-blocker prescribed at discharge) and 'Survival Index'(30-day mortality rate). Result: A panel composed of 18 and completed a questionnaire by allocation of 10 scores to the three above mentioned measure groups. The Delphi was carried out until three rounds of surveys. In conclusion, each measure group was weighted differently and the 10 scores were allocated as 4.5 to 'Reperfusion rate', 2.5 to 'Medication prescription rate', and 3.0 to 'Survival Index'. Conclusion: The results of this study proposed the calculation method for weighting of Acute Myocardial Infarction quality indicators.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.26-30
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• 2019

This paper proposes a new voice activity detection (VAD) method which is based on SNR and non-intrusive speech intelligibility estimation. In the conventional SNR-based VAD methods, voice activity probability is obtained by estimating frame-wise SNR at each spectral component. However these methods lack performance in various noisy environments. We devise a hybrid VAD method that uses non-intrusive speech intelligibility estimation as well as SNR estimation, where the speech intelligibility score is estimated based on deep neural network. In order to train model parameters of deep neural network, we use MFCC vector and the intrusive speech intelligibility score, STOI (Short-Time Objective Intelligent Measure), as input and output, respectively. We developed speech presence measure to classify each noisy frame as voice or non-voice by calculating the weighted average of the estimated STOI value and the conventional SNR-based VAD value at each frame. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than the conventional VAD method in various noisy environments, especially when the SNR is very low.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.274-283
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• 2018

Purpose: Numerous indices have been proposed to analyse wound healing in oral soft tissues, but each has specific shortcomings. A new method of analysis, the Early Wound Healing Score (EHS), was evaluated in the present study. The aim was to assess more accurately early healing by primary intention of surgical incisions in periodontal soft tissues. Methods: Twenty-one patients were treated with different surgical procedures comprising 1 or 2 vertical releasing incisions as part of a surgical access flap. Twenty-four hours after surgery, early wound healing at the vertical releasing incisions was assessed using the EHS. This score assessed clinical signs of re-epithelialization (CSR), clinical signs of haemostasis (CSH), and clinical signs of inflammation (CSI). Since complete wound epithelialization was the main outcome, the CSR score was weighted to be 60% of the total final score. Accordingly, a score of 0, 3, or 6 points was possible for the assessment of CSR, whereas scores of 0, 1, or 2 points were possible for CSH and CSI. Higher values indicated better healing. Accordingly, the score for ideal early wound healing was 10. Results: Thirty vertical releasing incisions were assessed in 21 patients. At 24 hours after incision, 16 vertical releasing incisions (53.33%) received the maximum score of CSR, while 6 cases (20%) received an EHS of 10. None of the cases received 0 points. Conclusion: The EHS system may be a useful tool for assessing early wound healing in periodontal soft tissue by primary intention after surgery.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.356-367
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• 2022

Background: The emergence of new infectious diseases threatens public health, increasing socioeconomic damage, and national risks. This study aimed to develop an evidence-based risk assessment tool to quickly respond to new infectious diseases. Methods: The risk elements were extracted by reviewing the risk assessment methods of the World Health Organization, United States, Europe, United Kingdom, and Germany, and the validity and priority of elements were determined through expert meetings and Delphi surveys. Then, the scale and level for each risk element were defined and a final score calculation method according to the risk evaluation result was derived. The developed risk assessment tool was verified using data at the time of domestic transmission of an emerging infectious disease. Results: In case of spread of actual infectious diseases, priority is determined based on the criticality of the elements in each area of transmissibility and severity, from which the weighted score of the risk assessment is derived. Then, the risk score for each element was calculated by multiplying the average value of the risk evaluation by its weight and the evaluation risk assessment score for the two areas was calculated. At last, the final score is plotted in a matrix where the x-axis indicates the transmissibility and the y-axis the severity and plotted on the coordinate plane for time series use. Conclusion: With respect to transmissibility and severity, this risk assessment method to respond to new and re-emerging infectious diseases enables rapid and evidence-based evaluation by quantitatively and qualitatively assessing various risk elements.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2004

In this study the spatial distribution characters of burnt forest site was first considered by analyzing spatial data and monitoring forest landscape before/after lire to restore the site. Then suitable tree species on each forest site should be selected through the weighted score analysis of GIS analysis methods. Finally. the best forest stand arrangement method could be simulated on the system for the advanced reforestation technology in Korea. For this purpose, the virtual reforestation system was implemented by using the concept of virtual GIS and CBD (Component Based Development) method. By use of this system the change of forest landscape of burnt forest area some years after reforestation practice could be detected and monitored by applying the site index and 3D modeling method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.414-420
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• 2007

For a more convenient deduction of the weighted values in AHP of BSC using a spread sheet program, this study derived each weighted values through single and group calculations and it also compared the two calculations to verify mutual identities. Pairwise comparison is generally used in measuring performance of corporations or government organizations, but, many researches have been done without reliability verification due to difficulty in the deduction of weighted value. This trend, like using a wrong measurement, result in defective result of BSC. Therefore, this study presents various methods of single and group case measurement using spread sheet so that it can be utilized in practice. Thus, I expect this study's result be availed in BSC consulting or research of public organizations that have difficulty in measuring qualitative factors.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.721-724
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• 2005

In this study the spatial distribution characters of forest in forest damaged area were first considered by analyzing spatial data and monitoring forest landscape. Then suitable tree species on each site were selected through the weighted score analysis of GIS analysis methods. Finally, the best forest stand arrangement method could be presented on the 3D based simulation system for the advanced reforestation technology in Korea. For this purpose, the virtual reforestation system was implemented by using the concept of virtual GIS and CBD (Component Based Development) method. By use of this system the change offorest landscape of burnt forest area some years after reforestation practice could be detected and monitored by applying the site index and 3D modeling method.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.617-624
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• 2014

Through-silicon via (TSV) technology provides much of the benefits seen in advanced packaging, such as three-dimensional integrated circuits and 3D packaging, with shorter interconnection paths for homo- and heterogeneous device integration. In TSV, a destructive cross-sectional analysis of an image from a scanning electron microscope is the most frequently used method for quality control purposes. We propose a quantitative evaluation method for TSV etch profiles whereby we consider sidewall angle, curvature profile, undercut, and scallop. A weighted sum of the four evaluated parameters, nominally total score (TS), is suggested for the numerical evaluation of an individual TSV profile. Uniformity, defined by the ratio of the standard deviation and average of the parameters that comprise TS, is suggested for the evaluation of wafer-to-wafer variation in volume manufacturing.