• Architectural research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

In order to examine theoretical underpinnings of preference for built forms, 129 subjects are asked to rate a series of 9 slides of residential houses depicting a wide range of architectural styles on a 5 point scale, for coherence, complexity, excitement, familiarity, and natural harmony, respectively. Based on Lee's (2002a, 2002b) two previous studies addressing the issue of aesthetic beauty evaluation for man-made creatures (e.g., residential housing scenes), this study summarizes several meaningful findings. As reported by all the subjects, first, both "desire to visit" and "desire to live in" turned out to be a good predictor of preference as the two measures are highly correlated in statistically significant levels (99.9%). People who desire to visit a spot are more likely to desire to live in it. Second, Pearson's correlations showed that coherence is the opposite end of complexity. The more likely a housing setting is hanging together, the less likely it looks to be complex. Overall, though, it is not clear that the two variables work directly in that way, as weighted on preference ratings. That is, coherence and complexity are likely to be totally two independent systems that affect the ratings of preference. Third, both excitement and environmental sensitivity (e.g., harmony of a house with its surrounding nature) most highly account for the preference for various housing scenes, while familiarity has only a little effect on preference ratings. Possibly, people like or dislike a visual thing, no matter how much they are familiar with it. Finally, this study suggested that design professionals could communicate effectively with their clients if sets of visual standards as an appropriate communication tool for better design are properly established.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2010

교과서에 쓰인 과학 용어 네트워크를 구축하여, 네트워크의 구조, 관련 정보 및 연관 관계를 분석하기 위하여 핵심용어를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 과학, 생물1 및 생물2 교과서 각 과목별로 출판사 세 곳을 선정하고 각각의 교과서에서 추출한 용어들을 노드로, 한 문장 안에 있는 과학 용어를 링크로 연결하여 네트워크를 구축하였다. 모든 교과서의 과학 용어 네트워크는 척도 없는(scale-free) 네트워크의 특성을 보여주었다. 복잡한 (complex) 네트워크에서 가중치가 낮은 것부터 제거하는 방법인 k-core 알고리즘을 적용하여 핵심 (core) 네트워크를 구축하였는데, 몇 개의 모듈이 연결되는 형태를 보여주었다. 과학교과서의 경우에는 물리, 화학, 생물, 지구과학 분야별로 크게 네 개의 모듈을 형성하였고, 생물1과 생물2 교과서는 각단원별로 용어들이 모여 있는 특성을 지닌 네트워크를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 복잡한 네트워크에서 핵심네트워크를 구축하여 유용한 정보를 도출할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2016

Objective : Early progressive infarction (EPI) is frequently observed and related to poor functional outcome in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction caused by MCA occlusion. We evaluated the perfusion parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a predictor of EPI. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute MCA territory infarction caused by MCA occlusion. EPI was defined as a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale increment ${\geq}2$ points during 24 hours despite receiving standard treatment. Regional parameter ratios, such as cerebral blood flow and volume (rCBV) ratio (ipsilateral value/contralateral value) on perfusion MRI were analyzed to investigate the association with EPI. Results : Sixty-four patients were enrolled in total. EPI was present in 18 (28%) subjects and all EPI occurred within 3 days after hospitalization. Diabetes mellitus, rCBV ratio and regional time to peak (rTTP) ratio showed statically significant differences in both groups. Multi-variate analysis indicated that history of diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR), 6.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.55-24.24] and a low rCBV ratio (rCBV, <0.85; OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 1.4-30.27) was significantly correlated with EPI. Conclusion : The incidence of EPI is considerable in patients with acute MCA territory infarction caused by MCA occlusion. We suggest that rCBV ratio is a useful neuro-imaging parameter to predict EPI.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2020

Background: Several systematic reviews have reported on the conservative treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears; however, clinical results of this treatment still remain determined. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials and observational studies. Two independent researchers reviewed a total of 2,981 articles, 28 of which met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Clinical outcome measures included Constant score, visual analog scale score for pain, range of motion, and short-form 36 questionnaires. The meta-analysis used a linear mixed model weighted with the variance of the estimate. Results: The meta-analysis showed a significant improvement after surgery. Pain score is 26.2 mm (1 month) to 26.4 mm (3 months), and 24.8 mm (12 months) (P<0.05); active abduction: 153.2° (2 months), 159.0° (6 months), 168.1° (12 months) (P<0.05); Constant score: 67.8 points (2 months) to 77.2 points (12 months) (P<0.05); short-form 36 questionnaires "vitality" section: 57.0 points (6 months) to 70.0 points (12 months) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our data confirmed the effectiveness of conservative treatment in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears 12 months post-intervention. The results suggest that conservative treatment for patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears should be the first line of treatment before considering surgery.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.562-574
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• 2006

The study compared eating and physical activity related behaviors and self-esteem between healthy weight and obese children by presenting 175 primary school students in Busan City and Gyeongsang province with a self-reported questionnaire and Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory. The questionnaire was composed of 25 items, weighted primarily by a Likert scale. The self-esteem inventory presented to the students comprised 25 'Yes' or 'No' response questions to different statements. The study found obese children were more likely to think they always had to control their weight (p=0.000), reportedly measuring their weights significantly more than the healthy weight children. Also the study found that obese children are significantly more likely than healthy weight children to go on a diet, however neither group were successful in losing weight as the duration of the diet in 79.5% of the total sample lasted no longer than one week. In comparison to healthy weight children, obese children reported that they consumed fewer snacks during the day, avoided snacking subsequent to an evening meal and exercised more frequently for as long as physically possible. Interestingly, we found no difference of reported self-esteem between groups, though the obese group were more likely to answer that their parents did not understand them (p=0.055) Based on these findings, we concluded that the obese children who participated in the study were more aware of their body weights than the healthy weights children. It may be necessary to investigate further the relationship between self-esteem and participants' weights while considering other variables such as personality and body image.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.803-815
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• 2017

In this study of the oak wilt disease that has occurred in a large scale in a protected area located near South Korea's metropolitan region, a detailed analysis has been conducted on the terrain, species and Diameters at Breast Height (DBH) of infected trees to identify the distribution of infection properties in the affected area. Taking into consideration the distribution of oak tree vegetation, a total of 4,640 quadrats in a size of 10 m by 10 m, have been set; and oak tree species, the DBH and infection damage per quadrat have been investigated. Geological properties have been analyzed according to elevation, slope, aspect and micro topography while a weighted value has been given according to the degree of infection in order to calculate an infection index. Through correlation analysis, the infection ratio of seriously-damaged and withered trees and the infection index have been analyzed with regards to the geological properties, tree species and DBH. The analysis shows that the disease tends to affect an area with medium elevation rather than those in the highest or lowest areas and that serious damage has been observed at rugged spots with a steep gradient (more than $30^{\circ}$). Although there has been no distinct tendency with regards to aspect, the infection ratio is relatively high in areas facing the north while the seriously-damaged and withered ratio are high in areas facing the south. In terms of micro topography, more damage has been spotted in valley terrain. Quercus mongolica has sustained more damage than other species. When it comes to the DBH, as seen in previous studies, large trees have suffered severe damage, but the analysis has also revealed conspicuous damage to medium trees with a DBH of 15-20 cm, which had not previously been considered at high risk.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between walking ability of lumbar spinal stenosis patients and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of lumbar paraspinal muscles. Methods This study was carried out on 62 lumbar spinal stenosis patients who had limited walking abilities because of neurogenic claudication (NC). All patients received more than 2 weeks of complex treatment at Mokhuri Neck&Back Hospital. CSA of lumbar paraspinal muscles was measured from axial T2-weighted MRI and divided by CSA of adjacent vertebral body to avoid influence of body statues (RCSA-Relative CSA). Pain Free Walking Distance and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was measured before and after treatment. Results The Pain Free Walking Distance had significantly increased in patients who had bigger RCSA of psoas muscle (r=0.313, p<0.05). Conclusions The psoas muscle can be a predictive factor for restoring walking ability of lumbar spinal stenosis patients who have limitations walking.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.201-219
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• 2003

Background: The perceptual assessment is generally performed by the voice specialist. The objective evaluation is performed in a voice laboratory. Research in voice laboratories has generated a variety of different objective tests and parameters. The perceptual evaluation is one of the most controversial topics in voice research. Review of literature reveals a wide variety of rating scales and reliability data fluctuating from study to study. Unfortunately, there is no widely accepted valid method for classifying voice disorders and assessing outcome after voice treatment. Objectives: The goals of this research were to identify important objective acoustic parameters of vocal quality, and to establish an objective and quantitative correlate of the perceived vocal quality. Materials and Methods : We evaluated the voice analyzed data from 122 dysphonic patients and 20 normal volunteers. A computerized speech lab. 4300B(CSL) was used to carry out the analysis of each voice sample. Results: Three dysphonia severity indices(DSI) were created using discriminant analysis. DSI is based on the weighted combination of the following selected set of acoustic parameters: absolute jitter(Jita in us), smoothed pitch period perturbation (sPPQ in %), amplitude perturbation quotient(APQ in %), soft phonation index(SPI), average fundamental frequency(Fo in Hz), lowest fundamental frequency(Flo in Hz), and smoothed amplitude perturbation quotient(sAPQ in %). The DSI, being the discriminating rule calculated by the logistic regression, consists of three equation based on statistically significant acoustic parameters. Three DSI were created to reflects best the degree of hoarseness as expressed by G from the GRBAS scale. The more positive this DSI is for a patient, the worse the vocal quality. The more it is negative, the better it is. The effect of sex is included implicitly in the DSI-1 and DSI-2, so that a separate DSI-1 and DSI-2 for males and females need not be used. The DSI is objective because no perceptual input is required for its calculation. Conculsion : This research demonstrates that the voice function values calculated from three different multivariate objective dysphonia severity indices are significantly associated with subjective voice assessments. These multivariate objective dysphonia severity indices may be appropriate for use in clinical trials and outcomes research on treatment effectiveness for voice disorders.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.62-98
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• 2009

A systematic review of the literatures was conducted to evaluate the effect of clinical practice guideline. The 77 studies were identified from a computerized search of published research on MEDLINE, Science-Direct and Blackwell synergy from January, 1997 to October, 2007. The main search terms were "clinical practice guideline" and "effectiveness", "clinical practice guideline" and "impact", "clinical practice guideline" and "evaluation". These studies were assessed the Quality twice by one Qualified expert and converted into weighted scale. The 63 studies were eligible inclusion criteria and subdivided into type of effect. Final indicator using for policy effect of clinical practice guidelines were classified as 4 categories; "improvement of outcomes" in 81 studies, "betterment in practice patterns" in 68 studies, "rationalization in resource utilization" in 84 studies and "cost containment" in 31 studies. The vote-counting method, one of meta-analysis method, was applied to summarized the effect of clinical practice guidelines and test statistically. From results of meta analysis, all indices were statistically significant. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that introduction of clinical practice guidelines were resulted positive outcomes in health policy.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2016

벤처기업의 기술혁신을 위한 기술력 평가는 급변하는 기업환경, 평가시 사용하는 언어의 모호성과 애매성, 평가지표의 부정확성을 고려해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 벤처기업의 대표적인 정성적 평가요인인 흡수역량 및 기술적 기업가정신을 대상으로 다기준 의사결정법인 Fuzzy-AHP를 적용하여 요인의 중요도와 우선순위 및 동적역량을 산출하는 ACTEM(Absorption Capacity and Technology Entrepreneurship Monitor) 모델을 제안하였다. 평가척도가 되는 요인에 대한 가중치 산출은 퍼지이론을 도입하여 인지적 판단의 애매성을 보완하고, 기존의 기술력 평가 측정에 관한 연구에서 고려하지 않은 흡수역량과 기술적 기업가정신 및 동적역량에 대한 평가 기준들을 제시함으로써, 현실적인 대안을 선택하는 것이 가능하도록 하였다. ACTEM 모델을 기존의 AHP 평가방법과 비교한 결과, 흡수역량에서는 '지식획득', 기술적 기업가 정신에서는 '제품화 능력'이 가장 높게 나오는 등의 타당성을 검증할 수 있었다.