• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2017

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) arm extension pattern and leg flexion pattern on the contralateral lower extremity muscles when the patterns were applied to the same subject. Methods: In the study, 35 healthy men and women who understood the PNF patterns were selected as participants. The participants completed the PNF arm extension-abduction-internal rotation pattern and leg flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern in the supine position. While the patients' completed each pattern, the contralateral leg muscle activity was measured to examine the irradiation effect. The maximum isometric contraction time of the muscles to be measured was kept for 5 seconds, and the mean value was obtained by repeating the pattern three times. Results: When the leg flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern was completed, the muscle activity in the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of the contralateral lower extremity was significantly greater than that found in the PNF arm extension-abduction-internal rotation pattern. Conclusion: The PNF leg flexion pattern showed greater muscle activity on the contralateral lower extremity than the arm extension pattern. Thus, the PNF leg extension pattern is more effective in the activation of the muscles associated with weight-bearing activity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.98-100
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• 2015

A 10-year-old intact female Chihuahua weighing 2 kg was presented for complaint of forelimb lameness with non-weight bearing posture. Greater tubercle was palpated medial to its normal location on palpation and crepitation was intermittent with manipulation. On radiographic examination, left medial scapulohumeral joint luxation was found. Bilateral medial patellar luxations also were found and evaluated as grade III. Surgically, the medial scapulohumeral joint luxation was reduced with transposition of the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. The patient's gait became normal and non-weight bearing posture was resolved at 6 weeks postoperatively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.760-770
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of weight-bearing exercise(WBE) on bone metabolism. Method: WBE was performed for 12 weeks by healthy college women. Bone-related parameters were measured four times during this period by evaluating the immunoradiometric assay and enzyme immunoassay. Bone mineral densities(BMDs) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry before and after the WBE program. Data was analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, $x^2$-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Result: Osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, increased more in the experimental group than in the control group based on the interaction between time and group(F=3.29 p=.024). Little difference between the two groups was found for the other parameters: urinary deoxypyridinoline, insulin-like growth factorI, parathormone, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus without showing any time interaction between the groups. The femoral trochanter BMD rose in the experimental group while that of the control group fell, showing a significant difference for BMD(t=3.06 p=.005). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for changes in BMD of the forearm, lumbar spine, femoral neck, and femoral ward's triangle. Conclusion: These findings supported the WBE is beneficial for increasing bone formation in college women and long-term application is needed to substantiate the effects of WBE as a intervention in promotion of bone-health.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the exercise limit that may occur depending on changes in postural alignment by examining the significance of postural alignment changes, foot pressure, and balance of patients with stroke. Methods: In this study, 50 patients diagnosed with a stroke were selected as subjects. Imbalance of postural alignment of the trunk, pelvic tilt of trunk rotation of the body, angle of kyphotic curving of the thoracic, and angle of lordotic curving of the lumbar vertebra were measured. Foot pressure was examined by measuring average pressure and weight bearing. Balance was examined by measuring the center of pressure and limit of stability. Results: The significance of postural alignment, foot pressure, and weight bearing of the non-paretic side was examined. In addition, the significance between postural alignment and balance was examined. Conclusion: It is thought that limits of foot pressure and balance in the standing position can be caused by postural alignment. Thus, both a therapeutic intervention program and postural alignment training should be provided together in order to improve the function of patients with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 2008

Objective : The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of NaisoOkseol-Tang (NOT) on solid tumor in mice in terms of immune-potentiating and direct cytotoxic action of NOT in vitro and vivo study. Methods: The present author investigated thymocyte proliferation and NO production to confirm immune-potentiating activity of NOT and also investigated body/tumor weight and survival rates in tumor bearing mice. In this study, administration of NOT decreased tumor/weight ratio significantly, and prolonged survival duration compared to non-treated control. Treatment with NOT also elevated proliferation rates of thymocytes isolated from tumor bearing mice. Results: In vitro study, treatment with NOT suppressed proliferation rate of Sarcoma 180 (S-180) cells. Contrary, treatment with NOT elevated proliferation rate of thymocytes. These results were co-related with in vivo study. In addition, NO production from abdominal macrophages isolated from normal mice was not affected by treatment with NOT. Conclusion : NOT is useful to treat patient with solid tumor, because NOT has direct toxic action for tumor cell and immune-potentiating action for T cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.899-904
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• 2009

This paper presents the analysis result of load-transfer mechanism and pile movements associated with the development of frictional resistance to understand the engineering characteristics of micropile behavior. An field load tests were performed for two different types of micropiles and they are (i) thread bar reinforcement with D=50mm and (ii) hollow steel pipe reinforcement with $D_{out}$=82.5mm and $D_{in}$=60.5mm and wrapped with woven geotextile for post-grouting. The load test results indicated that micropiling with pressured grouting provided better load-transfer characteristics than micropiling with gravity grouting under both compressive and tensile loading conditions in that unit skin frictional resistance is well distributed along installation depth. The unit weight and unconfined compressive strength of cured grout were obtained for each piling method. The strength and unit weight of micropile with pressured grouting was higher than those with gravity grouting. The fact that load bearing quality with pressured grouting is better than that of gravity grouting could be attributed to the dense mutual adhesion between surrounding ground and pile due to pressurized grouting method and better grout quality.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bridge exercise with abdominal drawing-in on static and dynamic balance in patients with stroke. Methods: Forty patients with stroke participated in this study. Participation was randomly assigned to the Bridge exercise group (n=20) and the Bridge exercise with abdominal drawing-in group (n=20). A bio-feedback device was used when patients performed the Bridge exercise with abdominal drawing-in. This training was performed without any motion on the patient's spine and upper belly part, and the pressure was held with the biofeedback device as 40-70 mmHg. Both groups received training 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for four weeks. Weight bearing, anterior limit of stability, and posterior limit of stability for static balance ability were measured, and Berg balance scale (BBS), Timed up and go test (TUG) for dynamic balance ability were also measured. Results: Participants showed significant differences between pre- and post-mediation in terms of weight bearing, anterior limit of stability, posterior limit of stability, Berg balance scale, and Timed up and go test (p<0.05). The Bridge exercise with abdominal drawing-in group showed a more significant increase (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, both exercises were effective for improving the static and dynamic balance ability. However we suggest that the Bridge exercise with abdominal drawing-in is more efficient for increasing balance ability in patients with stroke.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.285-288
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• 2019

A 5-year-old 6 kg male mongrel (case 1) and a 7-year-old 4.3 kg male yorkshire terrier (case 2) were presented to Chonbuk animal medical center (CAMC). Both animals had non-weight bearing hind limb lameness. Case 1 had complete rupture of cranial cruciate ligament with grade 3 medial patellar luxation. Case 2 had complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture with grade 4 medial patellar luxation. During surgery, in both cases, trochlear block recession was performed followed by CORA based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) and tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT). General soft tissue reconstructions for medial patellar luxation including medial releasing and lateral imbrication were also performed. Postoperatively, both animals demonstrated excellent recovery and regained normal weight bearing of the affected hind limb without any recognizable complication. CBLO followed by TTT can be a curative surgical option without complications in cases of cranial cruciate ligament rupture with high-grade medial patellar luxation in small breed dogs.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2019

Background: Pes planus, or flat foot, causes lower limb malalignment and foot pain during walking or exercise. Therefore, a highly reliable evaluation method to accurately diagnose flat feet is necessary. This study investigated the intra-and inter-rater reliability of the navicular drop test in different postures. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers performed the navicular drop test in three different combinations of non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing postures (standing/standing, sitting/sitting, and sitting/standing). Two examiners alternately performed the measurements five times in each subject, and in each posture. Significant differences in measurements were obtained among the three postures, with the highest navicular drop being observed in the sitting/standing posture. Results: Inter-rater reliability was high in the sitting/standing and sitting/sitting postures. Intra-rater reliability was high in all three postures. In the sitting/sitting and sitting/standing postures, large navicular drop values and high inter- and intra-rater reliability were observed. Conclusion: Therefore, the sitting/standing and sitting/sitting postures are recommended for use in navicular drop tests to diagnose flat feet.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.166-168
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• 2019

A 22-month-old female mongrel dog weighing 4.8 kg was referred with chief complaint of bite wounds and lameness. The patient showed non-weight bearing lameness on left hindlimb and lateral instability of intertarsal joint. On radiograph, proximal intertarsal luxation between calcaneus and fourth tarsal bone was diagnosed. To imitate the long collateral and calcaneoquartal ligament, bone tunnels were drilled in the distal calcaneus and proximal fifth metatarsal bone. The figure-eight suture was placed with 0.5 mm cerclage wire through the predrilled holes. At 2 weeks after surgery, the lameness of hindlimb was still present. However, the patient had weight bearing lameness for 4 weeks after operation and was able to walk and run without lameness at 5 weeks after surgery. This case report explains the successful correction of intertarsal luxation with a single figure of eight wire suture in case of luxation to the intertarsal joint.