• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

L, C, X-밴드 마이크로파 산란계 자동측정시스템을 이용하여 밀 생육시기에 따른 밴드 및 편파별 후방산란계수와 생육인자 변화를 측정하였다. 모든 안테나 밴드에서 밀 생육 초기에는 VV-편파가 HH, HV-편파보다 후방산란계수가 높게 나타났다. HH-편파가 VV-편파보다 후방산란계수가 높게 나타나는 시기는 밴드에 따라 차이를 보였다. L-밴드의 경우 3월 28일 (DOY 88), C, X-밴드는 4월 2일 (DOY 93)부터 HH-편파가 다른 편파들 보다 후방산란계수가 높게 나타났다. 모든 안테나에서 편파별 후방산란계수가 5월 16일 (DOY 137)에 최대값을 보였고 그 이후 수확기 (DOY 174, 6월 22일)까지 감소하였는데 초장, 생체중, 건물중, 엽면적지수 등 밀 생육인자들에서도 동일한 경향이 나타났다. 밴드별 후방산란계수와 밀 생육인자들과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 L-밴드 HH-편파에서 생체중 (r=0.98), 건물중 (r=0.96), 식생 수분함량 (r=0.98) 초장 (r=0.96) 등 모든 밀 생육인자들과 상관계수가 가장 높게 나타났다. L-밴드 HH-편파 후방산란계수를 이용하여 밀 생육인자를 추정한 결과 생체중 ($R^2$=0.98), 건물중 ($R^2$=0.95), 식생 수분함량($R^2$=0.98) 초장 ($R^2$=0.95)의 결정계수가 각각 높게 나타났다. L-밴드 HH-편파 후방산란계수를 이용하는 것이 밀 생육을 가장 높게 예측할 수 있었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.679-686
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 화자인식 성능 향상을 위해 음원에서 개선된 특징추출 방식과 최소 분류 오차 기반의 다중 특징 벡터 스코어에 대한 가중치 추정을 사용하여 스코어 결합을 제안하였다. 제안한 특징 벡터는 Glottal Flow에서 무의미한 정보구간인 평탄한 스펙트럼 구간을 제거하기 위하여 저역통과 필터를 수행한 신호에서 인지적 선형 예측 캡스트럼 계수, 왜도, 첨도를 추출하여 구성하였다. 제안한 특징 벡터는 종래의 음원에서 멜-주파수 캡스트럼 계수, 인지적 선형 예측 캡스트럼 계수를 추출하여 가우시안 혼합 모델로 모델링한 화자인식 시스템을 개선하기 위해 사용된다. 또한, 스코어 추정과정의 신뢰성을 높이기 위하여 기존의 스코어의 확률 분포를 사용하여 가중치를 추정하는 대신 제안한 특징 벡터에서 평가된 점수와 종래의 특징 벡터에서 평가된 점수에 대하여 최소 분류 오차 기법으로 가중치를 추정하여 스코어를 결합함으로써 최적의 화자를 찾는다. 실험 결과 제안한 특징 벡터가 화자를 인식하는데 유효한 정보를 포함하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 최소 분류 오차 기반의 다중 특징 파라미터 스코어를 결합하여 화자인식을 수행하였을 때, 종래의 화자인식 성능보다 더 우수한 성능을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 특히 가우시안 혼합 모델이 낮을 때 더 높은 성능향상을 보였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.1340-1349
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• 2012

Increasing the oxidation of fat through exercise is the recommendable method for weight control. Preceding researches have proposed increase in the usage of fat during exercise in stabilized state and under maximum exertion through aerobic training. However, such researches require additional equipment for gas analysis in order to measure the caloric value or gas exchange of subjects during exercise. Such equipments become highly restrictive for those exercise and cause substantially higher cost. According to this, we have presented the method of estimating the maximal fat oxidation point through changes in LF & HF which reflects changes in heart rate and the autonomic nervous system in order to induce exercise for a less restrictive and efficient fat oxidation than existing methods. We have conducted exercise stress test on subject with similar exercise abilities, and have detected the changes in heart rate and changes in LF & HF by measuring changes in fat oxidation and measuring ECG signals at the same time through a gas analyzer. Changes in heart rate and HRV of the subjects during exercising was detected through only the electrocardiographic signals from exercising and detected the point of maximum fat oxidation that differs from person to person. The experiment was carried out 16 healthy males, and used Modified Bruce Protocol, which is one of the methods of exercise stress test methods that use treadmill. The fat oxidation amount during exercise of all the subjects showed fat oxidation of more than 4Fkcal/min in the exercise intensity from about 5 minutes to 10 minutes. The correlation between the maximal fat oxidation point obtained through gas analysis and the point when 60% starts to be relevant in the range from -0.01 to 0.01 seconds for values of R-R interval from changes in heart rate had correlation coefficients of 0.855 in Kendall's method and in Spearman's rho, it showed significant results of it being p<0.01 with 0.950, respectively. Furthermore, in the changes in LF & HF, we have determined the point where the normalized area value starts to become the same as the maximal fat oxidation point, and the correlation here showed 0.620 in Kendall and 0.780 in Spearma of which both showed significant results as p<0.01.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2005

A chemical ranking and scoring (CRS-Korea) system was developed and proposed to use as the first step to prioritize the toxic chemicals for the purpose of monitoring and detailed risk assessment that might follow as necessary. The CRS-Korea system takes a basic concept of risk assessment (both human health risk and ecological risk) in that risk score is determined by the product of toxicity score and exposure score. Included in the toxicity category are acute toxicity, chronic/sub -chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, and other toxicity. The exposure category consists of quantity released to the environment, bioconcentration, and persistence. A consistent scheme and a comprehensive chemical data base are offered in the CRS-Korea system to calculate a score for the each component in the two categories by using specific physicochemical, fate, and toxic properties and the quantity of the chemical used. The toxicity score is obtained by adding up all the individual scores for the components in the toxicity category. The exposure score is determined by multiplication of the score of the quantity released with the sum of persistent score and bioconcentration score. Equal weight is given to the toxicity score and the exposure score. As the CRS-Korea system was applied to identify 50 national priority chemicals, it was found that significant data gap exists on toxicity and fate properties and that the uncertainty associated with estimating the quantify released to the environment is notably high. The proposed CRS system is only a screening tool in the first step toward the priority setting and should be used with expert judgement and other considerations necessary.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2012

중공슬래브 시스템은 슬래브 두께가 증가해도 자중은 크게 증가하지 않고, 일반슬래브에 비해서 휨성능이 크게 저하되지 않는 장점이 있다. 이러한 경제적인 건물 설계 및 친환경 구조물 구현을 가능하게 하는 시스템에도 불구하고 중공슬래브의 활용도는 현재로서는 낮다고 할 수 있다. 특히 국내의 건축분야에 있어서는 매우 낮은 편이다. 이러한 현 상황의 가장 큰 이유는 중공슬래브의 적용을 위한 구조 해석 및 설계방법이 일반화되어 있지 않다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 실질적인 압축영역을 고려하기 위해 가정한 중공 단면형상에서 중립축 위치에 따른 압축응력블럭의 체적으로 휨강도 산정식을 제시하였다. 기존 중공부 상부만을 압축영역으로 고려한 휨강도 산정방법은 가장 보수적인 방법으로 판단되며 2개의 대체단면을 설정하여 휨내력을 산정하는 것이 더 실질적인 방법으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2048-2055
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• 2001

This paper develops a computational model for estimating the ride quality of a cabover type large-sized truck in a double wheel bumpy ride test. The computational model is developed using ADAMS. To verify the developed model, an actual vehicle double wheel bumpy ride test is performed. In the test, the vehicle maintains a straight course with a constant velocity such that the front two wheels are passed the bump at the same time. The bump has the height of 60mm, and the width of 550mm. In the test, four velocities are used. They are 10kph, 20kph, 30kph and 40kph. Since the large-sized truck's center of gravity location is high, and its weight is heavy, it is a quite severe test condition to perform the test with more than 30kph velocity. In the test, vertical accelerations on the floor of the cab are measured. The measured accelerations are compared to the simulation results. From the comparison, it is shown that the developed model can predict not only the measured acceleration's tendency but also peak accelerations quite well. In this paper, the validated model is utilized to compare the ride quality between a vehicle with a multi-leaf spring and a vehicle with a tapered leaf spring in the front suspension system in a double bumpy ride test.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권7A호
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• pp.603-610
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• 2005

기지국에서 추정된 채널 정보를 바탕으로 빔 성형을 하는 방식은 FDD 시스템과 같이 상/하향링크의 반송파 주파수가 일치하지 않을 경우 지향벡터가 어긋나게 되어 성능 저하가 발생하게 된다. 또한 수신 신호로부터 역방향 링크의 지향벡터를 얻는 blind 추정 기법 역시 하드웨어의 복잡도가 증가하는 단점이 있다. 이와 같은 문제점 해결을 위해 본 논문에서는 사용자의 입사각 추정을 통해 얻어진 상향링크의 무게함수를 하향링크에 적합한 형태로 보정함으로써 원하는 방향으로 빔 성형이 될 수 있도록 다수의 사용자 신호에 대해 공간 푸리에 변환을 수행함으로써 사용자 수의 증가에 따른 빔 성형의 복잡도 증가 문제를 개선해 주는 스마트 안테나 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 CDMA 시스템의 하향링크 송신기에 적용한 후 수신 측에서 프레임 에러율로써 그 성능개선을 확인하였다. 그 결과 주파수 분할 방식의 시스템에서 제안된 알고리즘에 의한 성능 개선이 기존의 스마트안테나 시스템과 동일함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the tactile sensation and mechanical properties of towel. Six kinds of towels with different surface structure and fiber composition were used for this study. To evaluate the tactility of towel, 36 adjectives were collected and then 11 adjectives were selected. The subjective evaluation was examined by one to one comparative method and by blind test for estimating the only the sense of touch of the towels. Kawabata's Evaluation system for fabrics was used to measure the mechanical properties which are tensile, bending, shear, compression, surface, weight, and thickness of six towels. The results are as follows; First, surface structure of the towels had an effect on estimation the sense of touch. Pile surface was evaluated thicker, compacter, more cushiony, and more elastic. Waffle surface was evaluated knottier and rougher, and microfiber suede surface was evaluated softer and denser. Second, the highest value of the mechanical properties measured were G, 2HG, B, and SMD of 100% cotton 100% pile, WC, T, and W of elban loop pile, WT, 2HB, and LC of 100% cotton cut pile, RT and MIU of microfiber suede, and RC of microfiber waffle. Third, the 11 adjectives were correlated with more than one mechanical property. 'Knotty' and 'rough' were correlated with MMD and SMD, 'soft' were correlated with B, 2HB, MMD, and SMD. 'Thick', 'heavy', 'compact', and 'elastic' were correlated with WC, T, and W, 'cushiony' was correlated with WC. 'Stiff' was correlated with B and 2HB, 'dry out' was correlated with RT, WC, MIU, and T. 'Dense' was correlated with RT and SMD.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2018

Intermittent demand is a demand with a pattern in which zero demands occur frequently and non-zero demands occur sporadically. This type of demand mainly appears in spare parts with very low demand. Croston's method, which is an initiative intermittent demand forecasting method, estimates the average demand by separately estimating the size of non-zero demands and the interval between non-zero demands. Such smoothing type of forecasting methods can be suitable for mid-term or long-term demand forecasting because those provides the same demand forecasts during the forecasting horizon. However, the smoothing type of forecasting methods aims at short-term forecasting, so the estimated average forecast is a factor to decrease accuracy. In this paper, we propose a forecasting method to improve short-term accuracy by improving Croston's method for intermittent demand forecasting. The proposed forecasting method estimates both the non-zero demand size and the zero demands' interval separately, as in Croston's method, but the forecast at a future period adjusted by binomial weight according to occurrence probability. This serves to improve the accuracy of short-term forecasts. In this paper, we first prove the unbiasedness of the proposed method as an important attribute in forecasting. The performance of the proposed method is compared with those of five existing forecasting methods via eight evaluation criteria. The simulation results show that the proposed forecasting method is superior to other methods in terms of all evaluation criteria in short-term forecasting regardless of average size and dispersion parameter of demands. However, the larger the average demand size and dispersion are, that is, the closer to continuous demand, the less the performance gap with other forecasting methods.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

Intercoolers for multi-stage turbocharger of the hydrogen reciprocating engine for HALE UAV are installed for reducing the charged air inlet temperature of the engine. The intercooler is air to air, cross flow, plate-fin type and the fin configuration is offset-strip fin which is referenced from the heat exchanger of the ERAST. Most of HALE UAV's cruising altitude is 60,000 ft and the density of air for this altitude is very low compared to sea level. Therefore the required heat transfer area for the HALE UAV is about three-times bigger than the sea level. Consequently, it is essential to design to meet the required efficiency of intercooler in the range of not excessively growing the weight of the heat exchanger. The quasi-one dimensional heat transfer design/analysis for satisfying the requirement of the engine are written in this paper. The numerical analyses for estimating the coolant flow rate of the engine bay and pressure loss in the header and core are also summarized.