• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2010

This paper present the results of investigation on the use of rice husk ash as a partial substitute for cement in construction. One hundred and eighty specimens of concrete cubes were cast. 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash were carried at 1:2:4 mixes by weight with 0.60, 0.65, 0.70 water/cement ratio. The results indicated that compressive strengths of cubes at 0.6, water/cement were higher than 0.65 and 0.70. Also 5% partial replacement cement with rice husk ash at $28^{th}$ day average compressive strength value of $25.4\;N/mm^2$ compared well with 0% partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash of $26.28\;N/mm^2$. This shows that at 5% partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash can be used for structural concrete and at 15% replacement or more it can be used for non - structural construction works or light weight concrete construction. The cost analysis shows substantial amount of savings for the country.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.651-661
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• 2017

A truss-braced wing (TBW) aircraft has recently received increasing attention due to higher aerodynamic efficiency compared to conventional cantilever wing aircraft. For conceptual TBW aircraft design, we developed a propulsion-and-airframe integrated design environment by replacing a semi-empirical turbofan engine model with a thermodynamic cycle-based one built upon the numerical propulsion system simulation (NPSS). The constructed NPSS model benefitted TBW aircraft design study, as it could handle engine installation effects influencing engine fuel efficiency. The NPSS model also contributed to broadening TBW aircraft design space, for it provided turbofan engine design variables involving a technology factor reflecting progress in propulsion technology. To effectively consolidate the NPSS propulsion model with the TBW airframe model, we devised a rapid, approximate substitute of the NPSS model by reduced-order modeling (ROM) to resolve difficulties in model integration. In addition, we formed an artificial neural network (ANN) that associates engine component attributes evaluated by object-oriented weight analysis of turbine engine (WATE++) with engine design variables to determine engine weight and size, both of which bring together the propulsion and airframe system models. Through propulsion-andairframe design space exploration, we optimized TBW aircraft design for fuel saving and revealed that a simple engine model neglecting engine installation effects may overestimate TBW aircraft performance.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.4 s.26
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• pp.91-100
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• 2005

Design-build that a single entity performs whole construction process under singular responsibility is one of the project delivery system comes to take expectation effects of time savings, cost saving, and quality assurance. On the other hand, a current domestic method for selecting a design-build contractor is difficult to reflect the purpose of owner and the project characteristics when owner selects the design-build contractor. The purpose of this research is to suggest a model for deciding evaluation weights in design-build which can reflect the purpose of owner and the project characteristics. This research can help owner to select the best suitable design-build contractor for the project.

• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

To estimate seaweed biomass or standing crop, a nondestructive sampling can be beneficial because of not much destroying living plants and saving time in field works. We suggest a methodological procedure to estimate seaweed biomass per unit area in marine benthic habitats by using species-specific regression equations. Percent cover data are required from the field samplings for most species to convert them to weight data. However, for tall macroalgae such as kelps we need density data and their size (e.g., size class for subtidal kelps) of individuals. We propose that the field sampling should be done with 5 replicates of 50 cm x 50 cm quadrat at three zones of intertidals (upper, middle, lower) and three depth points (1, 5, 10 m) in subtidals. To obtain a reliable regression equation for a species, a substantial number of replicate is necessary from destructive samplings. The regression equation of a species can be further specified by different locality and different season, especially for the species with variable morphology temporally and spatially. Example estimation carried out in Onpyung, Jeju Island, Korea is provided to compare estimated values with real weight data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.415-418
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• 2005

In recent years, Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have become a center of special interest in the automotive industry. Due to their high specific mechanical properties, they offer a significant weight saving potential in modem vehicle constructions. Most Mg alloys show very good machinability and processability, and even the most complicated die casting parts can be easily produced. The die casting process is a fast production method capable of a high degree of automation for which certain Mg alloys are ideally suited. Although Mg alloys are fulfilling the demands for low specific weight materials with excellent machining and casting abilities, they are still not used in die casting process to the same extent as the competing material aluminium. One of the reasons is that effects of various forming variables for die casting process is not closely examined from the viewpoint of die design. In this study, step die and flowability tests for AM60 were performed by die casting process according to various combination of casting pressure and plunger velocity. Microstructure and Victors hardness tests were examined and performed for each specimen to verify effects of forming conditions.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2019

This study was conducted to explore the optimum proportion of zeolite and zeolite-kaolin as additives to cement clinker and gypsum samples, while maintaining the strength properties of produced environmentally sustainable cements. According to the British standard method, zeolite was added to cement clinker in proportions of 5-12% and 10-12% by weight, respectively, in the preparation of samples of zeolite-containing cement and zeolite-kaolin-based cement. Kaolin was used as a second additive as 10-20% of the total weight. The compressive strength tests were performed on base cement samples according to a standard procedure given in ASTM C109 Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement. These values were compared with those of the reference sample and the Omani allowable limits. The results indicated that the best compressive strength values were obtained with 88% cement clinker, 5% gypsum, and 7% zeolite for the zeolite-containing cement. Quantities of 70% cement clinker, 5% gypsum, 10% zeolite, and 15% kaolin gave the best results for zeolite-kaolin-based cement, resulting in a substitution of than 25% cement clinker. The study concluded that the partial cement clinker replacement using zeolite/kaolin combination may have a great influence on the reduction of $CO_2$ emission and energy saving in cement manufacturing.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.813-818
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• 2010

In current automobile and electronic industries, the use of magnesium alloys where both energy and weight saving are attainable is increasing. Despite their light weight, there has been an inherent drawback arising from the surface vulnerable to be oxidized with ease, specifically under corrosive environments. To protect magnesium alloy from corrosion, the present work deals with the electrochemical response of the oxide layer on magnesium alloy specimen prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method in an electrolyte with zirconia powder. Surface observation using scanning electron microscopy evidences that a number of zirconia particles are effectively incorporated into oxide layer. From the results of potentio-dynamic tests in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, the PEO-treated sample containing zirconia particles shows better corrosion properties than that without zirconia, which is the result of zirconia incorporation into the coating layer. Corrosion resistance is also measured by utilizing salt spray tests for 120 hrs.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 2021

With improvement in innovative manufacturing technologies, it became possible to fabricate any complex shaped structural design for practical applications. This allows for the fabrication of curvilinearly stiffened pressure vessels and pipes. Compared to straight stiffeners, curvilinear stiffeners have shown to have better structural performance and weight savings under certain loading conditions. In this paper, an optimization framework for designing curvilinearly stiffened composite pressure vessels and pipes is presented. NURBS are utilized to define curvilinear stiffeners over the surface of the pipe. An integrated tool using Python, Rhinoceros 3D, MSC.PATRAN and MSC.NASTRAN is implemented for performing the optimization. Rhinoceros 3D is used for creating the geometry, which later is exported to MSC.PATRAN for finite element model generation. Finally, MSC.NASTRAN is used for structural analysis. A Bi-Level Programming (BLP) optimization technique, consisting of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gradient-Based Optimization (GBO), is used to find optimal locations of stiffeners, geometric dimensions for stiffener cross-sections and layer thickness for the composite skin. A cylindrical pipe stiffened by orthogonal and curvilinear stiffeners under torsional and bending load cases is studied. It is seen that curvilinear stiffeners can lead to a potential 10.8% weight saving in the structure as compared to the case of using straight stiffeners.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2022

In the automobile industry, lamps are frequently used as a mean to emphasize each company's brand identity. Therefore, many detailed design models have emerged in order to realize a differentiated image in preparation for competitive vehicles. Among them, the design of a multi compartment lighting image concept that realizes light divided in multiple space also being introduced by various manufacturers. In this study, in order to solve the problem of cost and weight rise that the existing multi compartment image lamp has, using TRIZ method such as functional analysis modeling and trimming. Through this process, an idea to minimize cost and weight was derived. As the idea was designed in detail, the formation of light did not go as desired, and the diffusion of light also proceeded differently than intended. In order to overcome this problem, a new concept of corrosion and diffusion structure was applied. Eventually, it overcomes various problems and successfully applied it to a real vehicle. The idea was actually reflected in the "Santa Fe" model. Later, the media focused on the lamps to which the idea was applied, and contributed to the sale of a large number of vehicles by providing consumers with a new light sensibility. During the research process, it was possible to secure a number of patents and knowledge of new design concepts.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.716-720
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• 2023

This study was designed to analyze the effects of reducing water turnover in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus farms, focusing on olive flounder growth, decreasing electricity costs, and developing measures to ensure business stability. Daily water turnover was set at 18 in the control group and six in the experimental group. Juvenile fish were reared for 12 months. No significant differences in mean weight were observed between groups until five months. After five months, the mean weight of the control group grew significantly faster than that of the experimental group. Maintaining water turnovers leverl at six turnovers for the first five months after stocking juvenile fish and then increasing water turnover resulted in a 34.4% reduction in electricity costs compared to the control group. This approach presents a potential method to enhance the profitability of olive flounder farms and ensure stable productivity and profitability without sacrificing olive flounder growth.