• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.967-972
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio on the nutrient digestibility and enteric methane ($CH_4$) emission in growing goats and Sika deer. Methods: Three male growing goats (body weight $[BW]=19.0{\pm}0.7kg$) and three male growing deer ($BW=19.3{\pm}1.2kg$) were respectively allotted to a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with an adaptation period of 7 d and a data collection period of 3 d. Respiration-metabolism chambers were used for measuring the enteric $CH_4$ emission. Treatments of low (25:75), moderate (50:50), and high (73:27) F:C ratios were given to both goats and Sika deer. Results: Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility decreased linearly with increasing F:C ratio in both goats and Sika deer. In both goats and Sika deer, the $CH_4$ emissions expressed as g/d, g/kg $BW^{0.75}$, % of gross energy intake, g/kg DM intake (DMI), and g/kg OM intake (OMI) decreased linearly as the F:C ratio increased, however, the $CH_4$ emissions expressed as g/kg digested DMI and OMI were not affected by the F:C ratio. Eight equations were derived for predicting the enteric $CH_4$ emission from goats and Sika deer. For goat, equation 1 was found to be of the highest accuracy: $CH_4(g/d)=3.36+4.71{\times}DMI(kg/d)-0.0036{\times}neutral$ detergent fiber concentrate (NDFC,g/kg)+$0.01563{\times}dry$ matter digestibility (DMD,g/kg)-$0.0108{\times}neutral$ detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, g/kg). For Sika deer, equation 5 was found to be of the highest accuracy: $CH_4(g/d)=66.3+27.7{\times}DMI(kg/d)-5.91{\times}NDFC(g/kg)-7.11{\times}DMD(g/kg)+0.0809{\times}NDFD(g/kg)$. Conclusion: Digested nutrient intake could be considered when determining the $CH_4$ generation factor in goats and Sika deer. Finally, the enteric $CH_4$ prediction model for goats and Sika deer were estimated.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of Coconopsis lanceolata extract in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into four groups: normal diet group (ND), high fat diet group (HFD), positive control group with 0.05% metformin (PC), Coconopsis lanceolata extract group (UCL). After 5 weeks of feeding, average body weight of the UCL group mice was slightly decreased, while that of the HFD group significantly increased) Also, liver and adipose tissue weights in the UCL group significantly increased. The levels of trigliceride (TG) and total in the plasma of UCL-supplemented group were significantly lower than those of high fat diet group. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol level was increased. Expression level of proteins related with adipogenesis such as SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS in the liver of the UCL group mice was much lower comparing with the HFD group mice. In conclusion, the results showed that the Coconopsis lanceolata extract possesses significant antihyperlipidemic effects in C57BL/6J mice.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine improving effect of Platycodon extracts (PE) and/or Platycodon extracts jelly (PEJ) on cognitive impairment in vitro and in vivo. PC12 (Pheochromocytoma) cells were pretreated with PE for 1hr and than incubated with $50{\mu}M$ amyloid ${\beta}(A{\beta})_{25-35}$ for additional 48hr. Cell viability was assessed by WST-1. Animals for Morris water test and passive avoidance test were divided into normal, control and two Platycodon extracts treated groups that were named Normal (n=7), Control (0 mg/kg, n=7), PE (300 mg/kg, n=7), PEJ (10 g/kg, n=7). Cognitive impairment was induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg/body weight, i.p.) in the three experimental groups but not the normal group. Pretretment of PE (0.01-1 mg/mL) were not induced cytotoxicity but observed in high dose-treated group (5 and 10 mg/mL) in PC12 cells. Protective effects of PE against $A{\beta}$-induced cytotoxicity were increased in dose dependent manner in PC12 cells. Administration of PE and PEJ were significantly reduced escape latency time on Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test in copolamine-induced cognitive impairment animal model. These results suggest that Platycodon extracts and its related product available to ameliorative purpose for cognitive ability impairments.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.453-460
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• 2017

In the offshore industry, helicopters are mainly used for transportation of goods or operating personnel between offshore sites and onshore facilities. A helideck is a structure that is required for landing and take-off of helicopters on the offshore structure. There are several shapes of helidecks depending on the type of offshore structures or installation location. Among them, cantilever-type helidecks usually provide more space on the topside of offshore structures and it is safer against potential accidents like fire or explosion. In this paper, the cantilever-type helideck is selected for the research object and topology design optimization is applied for lightweight design of the helideck. A finite element model is then created from the optimal layout of truss structures of the helideck, and structural analysis is performed under various landing conditions and wind loads. Based on the analysis results, the detailed section dimensions of structural members are determined so that the maximum stress at each structure member does not exceed the allowable stress of the structural material. Also, the final optimal design shows significant decrease in the total weight of the helideck.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the Asthma-suppressive and Immune-regulatory effect of AF-HA(Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture) at Joksamni(St36) in OVA(ovalbumin) induced asthma mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The mice in the OVA-AF-HA group were treated with AF-HA at St36 for the later 8weeks(3times/week). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with single prick with an injection needle at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The lung weight and the total cells in lung of the mice treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased remarkably compared with those of the OVA-control group. 3. The collagen accumulation in lung of OVA-AF-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group, 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 5. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+\;and \;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at 5136 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL13 in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) may be an effictive therapeutic method to treat asthma.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for estimating rice growth and damage effect according to bacterial leaf blight using UAV multi-spectral imagery. For this purpose, we analyzed the change of aerial images, rice growth factors (plant height, dry weight, LAI) and disease effects according to disease occurrence by using UAV images for 3 rice varieties (Milyang23, Sindongjin-byeo, Saenuri-byeo) from 2017 to 2018. The correlation between vegetation index and rice growth factor during vegetative growth period showed a high value of 0.9 or higher each year. As a result of applying the growth estimation model built in 2017 to 2018, the plant height of Milyang23 showed good error withing 10%. However, it is considered that studies to improve the accuracy of other items are needed. Fixed wing unmanned aerial photographs were also possible to estimate the damage area after 2 to 4 weeks from inoculation. Although sensing data in the multi-spectral (Blue, Green, Red, NIR) band have limitations in early diagnosis of rice disease, for rice varieties such as Milyang23 and Sindongjin-byeo, it was possible to construct the equation of infected leaf area ratio and rice yield estimation using UAV imagery in early and mid-September with high correlation coefficient of 0.8 to 0.9. The results of this study are expected to be useful for farming and policy support related to estimating rice growth, rice plant disease and yield change based on UAV images.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2016

The steel frame modular housing of which the research and development has been actively carried out recently cannot be constructed through monolithic placement like the reinforced concrete deck of general structure due to the characteristics of construction method of production in the factory and assembly on the site. And floor vertical vibration and deflection caused by inhabitants' activities may become an important issue in the aspect of usability evaluation due to a decrease in the section size of member, a decrease in weight, and so on. Therefore, this study evaluated the vibration performance of deck by using formula of AISC Design Guide 11(hereinafter AISC formula) which was practically used in general for modules where a stud was and wasn't installed at the center of beam in the longitudinal direction in the modular housing to be studied, and examined the applicability of AISC formula through comparison with the results of analysis using a general-purpose analysis program. On the basis of this, a structural cause for an error to occur between analysis result and AISC formula in the deck of module in which a stud was installed was analysed, and measures for considering this were suggested. Besides, an analysis model with the variables of measures for improving the floor vibration performance of modular housing to be studied was established. And measures having excellent vibration performance and economic feasibility were suggested through vibration response analysis and economic evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.290-294
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate in an in vivo model the effects of ethanol extract and ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS). To investigate the effects of ethanol extract and ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions, Sprage-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to groups as follows : Sham, OVX-control and ovariectomized rats supplemented with SS at 50 mg/kg bw/day, with SS at 100 mg/kg bw/day, with SS at 200 mg/kg bw/day, with ethyl ether fraction of SS at 10 mg/ka bw/day and with ethyl acetate fraction of SS at 10 mg/kg bw/day. Food intake and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different in groups. But body weight gain was decreased by supplementation of ethyl acetate fraction of SS compared to OVX-control. The levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were higher in ovariectomized control rats than Sham-operated rats, but supplementation of SS ethanol extracts at 200 mg/kg bw/day decreased the level of the lipid in serum. The level of HDL-cholesterol in serum increased by supplementation of SS ethanol extracts at 200 mg/kg bw/day (p<0.01). The levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were decreased by supplementation of ethyl acetate fraction of SS (p<0.01). On the other hand, the level of HDL-cholesterol in serum was increased by supplementation of ethyl acetate fraction of SS (p<0.05). On conclusion, it might be expected that ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of SS is believed to be a possible protective effects for the fatty serum increasing serum lipid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.1058-1063
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• 2015

The feasibility of incorporating black sesame powder (BSP) as a value-added food ingredient into bakery products was investigated using a cookie model system. BSP was incorporated into cookies at different content: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w) based on the total weight of wheat flour. The spread ratio and loss rate of cookies increased significantly with increasing levels of BSP (P<0.05). All color characteristics, including lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$), decreased with a higher amount of BSP. Use of BSP significantly reduced the hardness of cookies (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found between the control and 2%, 4%, and 6% samples (P>0.05). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activities increased significantly (P<0.05). The consumer acceptance test indicated that addition of BSP up to 4% had a favorable effect on consumer preferences. Overall, cookies containing 4% BSP will add the advantage of the functional properties of BSP maintaining the consumer acceptability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 1989

Pinass densiflora natural forests of four local forms in Korea were studies to investigate effective biomass estimation method. Dimension analysis was used and three allometric regression models, such as logWt=A+BlogD, logWt=$A+B1ogD^2H$ and 1ogWt=A+BlogD+ClogH were applied to estimate biomass, The most accurate estimation was made by the regression model of logWt=A+BlogD+ClogH where Wt is dry weight, D is diameter at breast height, and H is tree height. However, dry weights of cones and dead branches were remotely related to tree size factor, such as D and H. In the interest of practical use. generalized allometric regressions for all samples trees of four stands were computed and analysis of covariance was used to compare the allometric regressions among the four stands. Based on the test criteria applied in this study, significant differences were found in terms of error variance and regression intercept, not in terms of regression slope. These trends suggest a generalized biomass regression is not valid for accurate estimation over a range of four local form stands.