• Title/Summary/Keyword: Weight Fraction

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Effect of Fiber Weight Fraction on the Fracture Toughness of Long Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites (긴 유리섬유강화 Polypropylene 복합재료의 섬유 중량비에 따른 파괴인성 변화)

  • 이경엽;이중희;양준호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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    • 1999.11a
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    • pp.164-167
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    • 1999
  • This study concerns with the effect of fiber weight fraction on the fracture toughness of long glass-fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Fracture tests were conducted using compact tension (CT) specimens made of glass fiber polypropylene composites. Three fiber weight fractions of 20%, 30%, and 40% were used. Fracture toughness was determined from the compliance method. Results showed that compliance decreased with increasing fiber weight fraction while critical load increased with fiber weight fraction. Averaged fracture toughness increased 14% as fiber weight fraction increased from 20% to 40%.

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Effect of Ginseng petroleum Ether Fraction on the Immunotoxicity of Cadmium in Mice (I) (마우스에 있어서 카드뮴의 면역독성에 미치는 인삼석유 Ether 분획의 영향( I ))

  • 안영근;김정훈;이상근;황갑수
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.3 no.1_2
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    • pp.43-54
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    • 1988
  • Experiment was performed to investigate the immunotoxicity of cadmium administered orally and the effect of ginseng petroleum ether fraction on it. Mice were given 3, 30, or 300 ppm cadmium as cadmium chloride orally in the drinking water and injection of ginseng petroleum ether fraction intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (S-RBC). Humoral immune response was evaluated by antibody production and Arthus reaction. Body weight gain, spleen weight, thymus weight, and liver weight were also measured. In the present study, cadmium generally suppressed the humoral immunity. There was decrease in the rate of body weight gain and liver weight to body weight by cadmium-administration. Ginseng petroleum ether fraction showed restoring effect, to some extent, on the decrease in PFC and in the rate of liver weight to body weight by cadmium-administration. But it more suppressed Arthus reaction.

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Studies on the Effects of the Saponin Fraction of Panax Ginseng on the Immune System of the Mouse Fed with Protein Malnutritive Diet (인삼사포닌 분획이 단백부족 마우스의 면역체계에 미치는 영향)

  • 이나경;김영중
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.174-179
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    • 1986
  • The thymus weight of the mouse was 54.1% in protein malnutritive diet group and 39.2% in group treated with saponin fraction of Panax ginseng in comparison to normal diet group. This decreasing effects of protein malnutritive diet and saponin fraction on the thymus weight practically disappeared after four weeks. The saponin fraction showed no effect on the spleen weight of the mouse. The supplement of the saponin fraction enhanced total peritoneal exudate cells, content of total serum protein and albumin content of the mouse, each 45, 8 and 10% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group. And these values in protein malnutritive diet group were 61.2, 83.6 and 87.0% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group, and recovered to the level of normal diet group by the supplement of the saponin fraction. The electrophoregram of the serum protein of the mouse fed with protein malnutritive diet was different from that of the mouse fed with normal diet, but this difference practically disappeared by the supplement of the saponin fraction.

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Different level of tumor necrosis factor-α expression after administration of silk sericin fraction in RAW264.7 cells

  • Kim, Dae-Won;Jo, You-Young;Kweon, HaeYong;Kim, Seong-Gon
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2020
  • Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a representative marker for inflammation. Silk sericin is known as mild TNFα inducer. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of TNFα among different fractions of silk sericin. Silk sericin was extracted from cocoon and separated it by molecular weight. Each fraction was applied to RAW264.7 cells. The level of TNFα was evaluated by western blot and ELISA assay. In results, the level of TNFα was increased as time-dependent manner. Higher molecular weight fraction of sericin induced higher amount of TNFα than lower molecular weight fraction. In conclusion, different molecular weight fraction of sericin induced TNFα differently.

Anticancer Properties of Total Alkaloid fraction of Solanum pseudocapsicum unripe fruits

  • Badami, Shrishailappa;Dhonde, Satish G.;Reddy SA, Manohar;P., Vijayan;B, Suresh
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.49-52
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    • 2004
  • The total alkaloid fraction of the methanolic extract of Solanum pseudocapsicum unripe fruits was tested for its in-vivo anticancer activity against Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites model in mice. The total alkaloid fraction at 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg body weight showed significant increase in the mean survival time and the percentage increase in the life span of tumor bearing mice. The increase in the body weight was found to be less than that of the control. However, the treatment at 20 mg/ kg body weight was found to be toxic and showed a decrease in the mean survival time, and body weight when compared to control mice. The antitumor activity observed may be due to the cytotoxic activity of the total alkaloid fraction.

Effects of Serum Fractions Separated by Molecular Weight on the Development of Mouse Embryos Fertilized In Vitro (분자량에 따라 분획화된 혈청성분이 생쥐 체외수정란의 발생에 미치는 영향)

  • 한정호;정구민
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.127-137
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to investigate the inhibiting or promoting effect of fetal bovine serum fractionated by the molecular weight and to examine the effect of reconstruction of serum fractions on the development of 1- and 2-cell mouse embryos fertilized in vitro (IVEE) . The serum was separated by ultrafiltration or gel filtration methods and added in m-KRB medium for culture of IVFE. The developemental ability(cavitation and hatching) of embryos following culture of day 4 and 6 was compared among fractions. Small molecular weight fraction( <3 kDa) significantly inhibited the development of 1-and 2-cell IVFE to the blastocyst stages, compared with other fractions. One-cell IVFE were more sensitively damaged than 2-cell embryos by that fraction and arrested mainly at 2~4 cell stages. Moreover, small amount(<3%,v /v) of the inhibiting fraction acted even with protein rich fraction(100~30 kDa) and arrested the embryonic development. On the other hand, 100~30 kDa fraction promoted the embryonic development and no inhibiting effect was observed at the level of 50%(v /v) in culture medium In the experiment of gel filtraton, =30 kDa fraction showed the highest promoting effect on the embryonic development, but <4 kDa fraction inhibited significantly the development. These results suggest that serum contains not only small molecular weight inhibitory component(s) but also promoting one rather than albumin on embryonic development. And serum can be more effectively used in the IVF program after removal of inhibitory component(s) by one of above separation methods.

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The Effect of Ginseng Petroleum Ether Fraction on Immunosuppressed Mice by Lead acetate (I) I. Humoral Immune Response and Biochemical Studies (납의 면역독성에 미치는 인삼의 영향(I) I. 체액성면역 및 생화학적 검사)

  • 김휘배;안영근;김주영;김정훈
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 1986
  • Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng petroleum ether fraction on the immunotoxicity of lead acetate. Lead acetate was administered in the drinking water and ginseng p-ether fraction was injected intraperitoneally, Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cell. Humoral immune responses were evaluated by antibody production and Arthus reaction. Pathotoxicological influences were measured by serum protein, alkaline phosphatase and total cholesterol. The weight of liver, spleen and thymus were measured. Lead acetate exposure significantly decreased hemagglutination titer, hemolysin titer, Arthus reaction, spleen and thymus weight. Ginseng p-ether fraction administration significantly restored or potentiated reduced humoral immune response, spleen and thymus weight. Reduced serum A/G ratio, total cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase activity were restored or increased by ginseng p-ether fraction administration.

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Protective Effect of Ginseng Polysaccharide Fraction on CCl4-induced Hepatotoxicity in vitvo ana in vivo (인삼 다당분획의 in vitro, in vivo에서 사염화탄소 유발 간독성에 대한 보호효과)

  • Kim, Young-Sook
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.108-113
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    • 1995
  • Effect of ginseng polysaccharide fraction was examined for $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In $CCl_4$-injured primary cultured rat hepatocytes, treatment of the polysaccharide fraction (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/ml) significantly Inhibited the release of LDH and GOT into the culture medium in a dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of the polysaccharide fraction (100, 200 mg/kg) inhibited the decrease of body weight and the increase of the ratio of liver to body weight in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Elevation of GOT, GPT and ALP activity in the serum by $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was suppressed by administration of ginseng polysaccharide fraction. MDA levels increased in the serum as well as in the liver tissue by treatment with $CCl_4$ showed a tendency to be 연w in the rats given to the polysaccharide fraction. These results suggest that the polysaccharide fraction may be active substance responsible for antihepatotoxic effect of Panax ginseng.

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Performance of the Cooling and Heating of Heat Pump Using Non-azeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures (비공비혼합냉매를 이용한 열펌프의 냉난방성능에 관한 연구)

  • 박기원;오후규
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 1994
  • An experimental study on heat pump cycle systematizing characteristics for non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R-22+R-114 was reported. Data were obtained under steady state condition at the ranges of parameters, 550- 2, 170kcal/h, 670-2, 990kcal/h, 24-71kg/h, and 0-1, for as cooling capacity, heating capacity, mass 25, 50, 75, and 100 per cent of R-22 by weight fraction for R-22+R-114 mixtures. The results shown that the C.O.P of the 50wt% of R-22 mixture was considerably larger than for pure R-22 and other weight fraction of R-22 mixtures, but the compression power of the 25wt% of R-22 was lower than that of the pure R-22 and the other weight fraction of R-22 mixtures. The hightest value of cooling capacity was obtained at the conditions of evaporating temperature 5.deg.C and R-22 50wt% mixture. In general, with an increase in the R-22 weight fraction for fixed values of the other parameter, the cooling capacity increased at first, obtained a maximum, and then decreasd. This verified the importance of accurate weight fractions od refrigerant mixtures in the heat pump cycle.

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Biological Activities of Substance Extracted from the Fruit Body of Formitopsis rosea (잔나비버섯 자실체로부터 분리한 물질의 특성 및 생리활성)

  • Chung, Ho-Kweon;Lee, June-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.122-127
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and biological activities of the substance extracted from the fruit body of Formitopsis rosea. The substance was extracted by hot water and then it was separated high and low molecular weight fraction by ethanol precipitation, The high molecular weight fraction was found to be a proteoglycan composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, fructose, ribose and amino acids. The amino acids of proteoglycan were mainly threonine, isoleucine, glycine, aspartic acid. Anticomplementary activity of the high molecular weight fraction was higher than that of the low molecular weight fraction. And also, the high molecular weight fraction enhanced phagocytic activity and nitric oxide production of macrophage. In enzymatic lipid peroxidation reaction with $ADP-FeCl_3-NADPH$, the lipid peroxidation was inhibited 82.4% and 86.6% by high and low molecular weight fractions, in nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation reaction, it was 83.0% and 84.6%, respectively.

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