• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2001

This study was to develop a kerosene flame weeder. An air compressor was driven though the PTO of a tractor to provide necessary air for fuel combustion and proper pressure to supply fuel from fuel tank to the nozzle. It was found that the flame was extinguished very easily by wind and vibration of the tractor. This trouble could be solved by attaching a burner cap, which is a modified venturi tube, at the end of the nozzle. The constructed flame weeder was tested for the weeding capability in the prepared field. Weed extinction rate and weight decrease rate were analysed. Measured maximum flame temperature was 1,121$\^{C}$ when the fuel consumption was 13.41 kg/h and fuel supply pressure was 88.2 kPa. The maximum temperature occurred at 20cm from the front end the burner, and it decreased to 46$\^{C}$ as the distance increased to 110cm. The flame length of up to 70cm, where the flame temperature was higher than 372$\^{C}$, would be used for weeding purpose. Weed extinction rate and weight decreasing rate increased as the fuel consumption increased. The flame weeder was evaluated to be a practical weeder through improvement as the weed extinction rate and weight decrease rate were analysed to be 75% and 85%, respectively when the fuel consumption was 116.87kg/ha.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the profitability of four selective mechanization systems in rice cultivation. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the farmers' field during the wet season (June to November) of 2015 in Bangladesh. Mechanization systems were applied to evaluate four different selective levels (treatment) in eleven consequent operations. Seedlings were raised in a traditional seedbed and trays for manual and mechanical transplanting, respectively. Land preparation, irrigation, fertilizer, pesticide, carrying, and threshing and cleaning operations were performed using the same method in all the experimental plots. The mechanical options in the transplanting, weeding, and harvesting operations were changed. The mechanization systems were $S_1$ = hand transplanting + hand weeding + harvesting by sickle, $S_2$ = mechanical transplanting + Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) weeder + reaper, $S_3$ = mechanical transplanting + BRRI power weeder + reaper, and $S_4$ = mechanical transplanting + herbicide + reaper. This experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Power tiller, rice transplanter, BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, self-propelled reaper, BRRI open drum thresher, and BRRI winnower were used in the respective operations. Accordingly, the techno-economic performances of the different technologies were calculated and compared with those of the traditional system. Results: The mechanically transplanted plot produced 6-10% more yield than the hand transplanted plot because of the use of tender-aged seedlings. Mechanical transplanting reduced 61% labor and 18% cost compared to manual transplanting. The BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, and herbicide application reduced 74, 91, and 98% labor, respectively. The latter also saved 72, 63, and 82% cost, respectively, compared to hand weeding. Herbicide application reduced the substantial amount of labor and cost in the weeding operation. Mechanical harvesting also saved 96% labor and 72% cost compared to the traditional method of harvesting using sickle. Selective mechanization saved 15-17% input cost compared to the traditional method of rice cultivation. Conclusions: Mechanical transplanting with the safe use of herbicide and harvesting by reaper is the most cost- and labor-saving operation. The method might be the recommended set of selective mechanization for enhancing productivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.441-442
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• 2013

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.2 s.121
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

In this study, a prototype remote controlled weeder using solar module was developed and the evaluations of weeding, side walking and weeding performance were conducted to see if actual application was feasible in the paddy field. When traveling, the loss electric current was 8 to 15 A depending on operating and soil conditions. The average traveling speed was 0.25 m/s and the average slippage was 18%. When it side walked row by row, electric current consumption was 7 A on the average. When wheel rotors line went initially up and last down, electric current consumption was 12 to 15 A due to soil resistance. Electric current consumption when shifting wheel rotors line was less than 5 A due to no resistance. Field efficiency was 105 min/10a based on the test field. Operation was able to be done for 4.16 hours continually by 52 AH battery based on 300 W average maximum power consumption and 4.6 hours under sunny day considering solar module.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth characteristics of sorghum in the different planting methods: direct sowing and transplanting (20 days after sowing, DAS). Weed weight was taken from three randomly chosen-2 plots 60 DAS (DAT). One time (20, 30 days after transplanting, DAT) and two times (10/20, 10/30, 20/30, 20/40 DAS) application of weeder machine (FRT 80E) were conducted for direct sowing and transplanting, respectively. In transplanting, the weed control efficacy of weeder machine at 90 DAT was about 67% (DAT 20), 57% (DAT 30) at one time and 87% at two times. The most effective application number was two times (20/40 DAT) followed by one time (20 DAT). However, when reviewing yield and economy, the frequency and times of using weeder machine were preferably one time and 20 DAT. Results with mechanical weed control have been particularly good in transplanted row crops such as sorghum. In direct sowing, the weed control efficacy of weeder machine 60 DAS was about 87% (10/20 DAS), 88% (10/30 DAS) and 82% (20/30 DAS) at two times, respectively. When reviewing yield and economy, the times and frequency of weeder machine were preferably two times, 10 and 30 DAS.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 1996

The temperature distributions at various soil depths were predicted by heat transfer model during and after infrared irradiation on sand loam or loam soil. At each soil depth, predicted and measured temperature distributions were compared with using the mean relative percentage deviation and standard error. The mean relative percentage deviation was less than 10% between predicted and measured temperature distributions at each soil depth. Thus, it was concluded that the temperature distribution at each soil depth could be predicted satisfactorily by heat transfer model. Also, it is expected that these predicted temperature distributions can be used as basic information for determining the working speed of weeder and the size when the real weeder is constructed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2010

This study was conducted to improve weeding effect by rice bran farming technique. In the weeding effect experiment by application timing control of rice bran and soybean cake, weeding efficacy was the highest at the treatment of conventional application of rice bran. The treatment of soybean cake with rice bran was unfavorable, but Echinochloa crus-galli occurred little at the treatment of soybean cake at 5 days after transplanting, so it is thought that further study about inhibitor of early E. crus-galli occurrence in soybean cake is necessary. Cultivating weeder was effective at the treatments of rice bran and soybean cake together, of which weed occurrence was more than conventional rice bran, and precise experiments about cultivating weeding time and method will be necessary.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.4 s.117
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• pp.334-341
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• 2006

This study designed to develop a mower which can reach to side of a tractor or inclined road side and operate weeding. The prototype consists of 4 parts; the base and turning equipment, the boom, the arm, the weeder. The hydraulic actuators were divided into two operations, weeding and operation of boom and they were controlled by electrical equipment. Weeding was very effective when pressure set up at $15{\ell}/min$ using weeding, as $2.27kg{\cdot}m$, 2,210rpm. Weeding range of flail mower was 1.1 to 2.6m from the center of turning equipment at a flat. In case of disk mower, it was 1.5 to 2m. As a result of operation test, flail mower was appropriate for weeding at fence and short weeds, disk mower was appropriate for long weeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2006

Purposes of this research are convenience of manufacture, quality sophistication and reduction of a/s' ratio by that improve several shortcomings of existing steel housing The Housing of head is changed existent steel housing to ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) copolymer housing and its shape is changed. It does not need that paint housing by paint. so We may not care scar at storage or manufacture. The fast work speed and A/S is possible by combining a safety plate and a housing by volt and spring washer. When disjoint head part, there is no damage of safety plate and housing. Noise is disappeared by resonance phenomenon in early rpm at motor moving. When neck part of housing and a middle pipe are connected by drill nasa, the work is easier Also, there is sense of security little more catching motor in housing The improvement accomplished much improvements including light weight of head part.