• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.705-708
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• 2005

In the case that construcion period is delayed because of the force majeure such as a typhoon or a flood, the owners in general should compensate the damages caused by those. But with exception the weather worsening of ordinary level is paid by contractors, while that of exceptional level by the owners. It is critical that it is difficult to distinguish objectively between ordinary and exceptional level weather worsening. Although the term of "ordinary" itself is too abstractive, we can reduce the disputes between owners and contractors by setting the appropriate and objective standard of distinction. For example in the case of rainfall it may be the standard of distinction whether the days of actual rainfall exceed those of average rainfall or not. If the days of actual rainfall don't exceed those of average rainfall contracters should pay the damages because it is distinguished with a ordinary level weather worsening. Besides the standard of distinction in another weather worsening such as severe cold/hot, strong wind etc. which have a effect on delaying the term of works could be settled as a similar model.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 2011

Objectives & Methods: This suggestion was attempted to be elevated the recognition of common characteristics in disease. So, we performed to analyze the correlation of common cause of disease, characteristics of human body, and medical treatment. And the results are as follows. Results: 1. The cause of disease is consist of genetic factor, aging, habit, food of not good in health, weather, environment, deficit of the physical activity, stress and so on. 2. Generally, human has common and individual weakness. Individual weakness is appeared similar to the occurrence of volcano and lapse. 3. The correlation of disease and medical treatments is possible to explain using the quotation of the law of motion made by Isaac Newton, the great physicist. 4. When the process of the medical treatment was not progressed, the prognosis is determined by the correlation of the homeostasis(H') in human body and the homeostasis(H) of disease. 5. The prognosis of disease is determined by the relationship between the energy of disease(F) and medical treatment(F'). 6. The exact diagnosis is possible to predict the treatment sequence, and the facts that homeostasis in human body and disease, relationship between the energy of disease(F) and medical treatment(F'), action and reaction are important to determine the prognosis. 7. The careful observation of improving response and worsening action of disease becomes available for exact prognosis. Conclusion: The above described contents may be useful in clinical studies, and the concrete clinical reports about this will be made afterward.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

Under the consumption of bad weather situation affects traffic flows, the study scope is focused on highway capacity and speed variations among other highway traffic flow characteristic changes according to snowfall density. Thus, this study carried out through the data collection and statistical analysis by focusing on capacity and speed changes. Traffic volume, speed and density were selected as factors to explain the property change of a traffic flow for analysis, and 7 basic sections such as 3 highways in Gyeonggi-do and 4 highways near the meteorological observatory were selected as survey points for data collection. Snowfall levels were classified into 3 steps(Light, Medium, Heavy Snow) to analyze the capacity change by snowfall levels. As a result of analysis, the change of capacity depending on snowfall levels decreased 13.2% in case of light snow compared to a good weather, 18.6% in case of medium snow and 32.0% in case of heavy snow, so the capacity reduction rate increased as the snowfall level increased. The worsening weather appeared to have a very big possibility to act as a factor to reduce the operational efficiency of a road, so a road design and operation method considering this should be presented in the future.