• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.53-69
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• 2020

산업화와 도시개발로 인한 불투수층 면적의 증가는 수문순환 체계를 왜곡시켜 심각한 건천화를 야기한다. 이를 관리하기 위해 건천화의 정량적인 평가 및 예측이 가능한 하천건천화 영향평가 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 분포형 수문모형(Drying Stream Assessment Tool and Water Flow Tracking, DrySAT-WFT)과 시계열 GIS자료를 활용하여 전국 5대강 유역의 댐·보 유역을 대상으로 하천유입량 감소원인 평가를 실시하였다. 이를 위해 5개 하천건천화 영향요소(토양침식, 산림성장, 도로-하천 단절, 지하수이용, 도시개발)를 선정하여 1976년부터 2015년까지 GIS 기반의 시계열 공간자료를 연대별로 구축하였다. DrySAT-WFT는 2005~2015년까지 8개의 다목적댐(충주댐, 소양강댐, 안동댐, 임하댐, 합천댐, 섬진강댐, 주암댐, 용담댐) 및 4개의 유량 관측지점(오수천, 미호천, 마륵, 초강)에 대해 하천유량 검보정을 실시하였고, 검보정 결과 결정계수(R²)는 평균 0.76(0.66~0.84), Nash-Sutcliffe 모형효율은 평균 0.62(0.52~0.72)의 값을 보였다. 이를 토대로 2010년대(2006~2015)의 기상조건을 기준으로 연대별(1980년대: 1976~1985, 1990년대: 1986~1995, 2000년대: 1996~2005, 2010년대: 2006~2015) GIS자료를 이용하여 댐·보 유역의 하천유입량 변화를 계산하므로서 각 영향요소별 하천유입량 감소 기여비율을 산정하였다. 모의결과, 1980년대를 기준으로 5대강 유역평균 2010년대 풍수량(Q95)은 4.1~6.3%의 감소율을 보였고, 평수량(Q185)은 6.7~9.1%의 감소율을 보였으며, 갈수량(Q355)은 8.4~10.4%의 감소율을 보였다. 하천건천화 영향요소 중에서 지하수 이용량의 증가로 인한 기저유량 감소(하천건천화 기여율: 40.5%)가 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며, 다음으로는 산림성장에 의한 증발산량 증가(하천건천화 기여율: 29.0%)로 나타났다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

This study intends to clarify the key elements of designing low energy residential building construction by planning out residential construction in nature oriented designing method utilizing nearby environment and nature oriented energy from designing stage instead of construction of low energy residential building. Development of building technology is proportional to the development of technology that lasts already. However, what is no less important than the advancement of technology, it is the study of fundamental phenomena energy use in response to climate, reduction, such as recycling. It is possible in such a purpose, it is assumed that there is a need to study elements implementation plan in accordance with the climatic characteristics of the study. Method for controlling the condition solar radiation, sunshine, depending on the characteristics of the weather, by utilizing the convection phenomenon of nature, to maintain the air comfort in the interior space is the essence of eco-friendly construction and passive Property This is an important architectural elements to be aim. For through the analysis of this case, corresponding to the phenomenon of the features of the macro climate and micro climate due to climate change, a combination building blocks of classification placement of each, shape, structure, elevation, space, of the material appeared in various it was possible to know the construction characteristics were. As shown in each case, construction method to address climate change has been found to apply to a comprehensive analysis climatic characteristics of each region, in response to this, the construction of element each corresponding.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2015

Internal air temperature of greenhouse is an important variable that can be influenced by the complex interaction between outside weather and greenhouse inside climate. This paper focuses on a data-based model approach to predict internal air temperature of the greenhouse. External air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and wind direction were measured next to an experimental greenhouse supported by the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute and used as input variables for the model. Internal air temperature was measured at the center of three sections of the greenhouse and used as an output variable. The proposed model consisted of a transfer function including the four input variables and tested the prediction accuracy according to the sampling interval of the input variables, the orders of model polynomials and the time delay variable. As a result, a second-order model was suitable to predict the internal air temperature having the predictable time of 20-30 minutes and average errors of less than ${\pm}1K$. Afterwards mechanistic interpretation was conducted based on the energy balance equation, and it was found that the resulting model was considered physically acceptable and satisfied the physical reality of the heat transfer phenomena in a greenhouse. The proposed data-based model approach is applicable to any input variables and is expected to be useful for predicting complex greenhouse microclimate involving environmental control systems.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.95-116
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• 2017

Objective: Middle school girls who belonged to the concerned group in their school assessment were treated by sandplay for relieving their emotional and behavioral difficulties. The purpose of this study was to explore the change of the internal world of the girls through sandplay. Methods: Analytical psychology and sandplay theories were used for this exploration, especially Turner's (2005) content themes in sandplay. The participants were four first-grade girls. Pre-test measures, a 12-session sandplay program, and post-test measures were administered. Results: For the first girl, the initial phase was 1-6 (time trip), the intermediate phase was 7-9 (seeking for an inner island), and the final phase was 10-12 (seeking for a real stone). For the second girl, the initial phase was 1-5 (my heart was like cold weather), the intermediate phase was 6-10 (fallen, sick, and risen), and the final phase was 11-12 (trophy given to me). For the third girl, the initial phase was 1-5 (seeking for oasis), the intermediate phase was 6-10 (difficult trip for climbing with camel), and the final phase was 11-12 (discovering oasis). For the fourth girl, the initial phase was 1-3 (an island drowning shortly ), the intermediate phase was 4-10 (my unknowable mind), and the final phase was 11-12 (a tree growing well). Conclusion: This study showed psychological phenomena in the sandplay of four girls such as opposites and the union of masculinity and femininity as they explored their own identity. Drawing tests and counselling objects indicated positive changes; thus, these findings support the effectiveness of sandplay therapy for transforming the psyche of middle school girls.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2017

19세기 후반 이후 온실가스의 과도한 배출로 인하여 지구의 연평균 기온이 상승하여 폭우, 폭설과 같은 이상기후 현상이 전 세계적으로 빈번하게 증가하고 있다. 또한 고도의 경제성장으로 인구가 밀집되어 있는 도시지역에서는 화재, 테러 등의 사고가 발생할 경우 심각한 재산 및 인명피해가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 재난재해에 의하여 발생하는 이재민들을 보호할 수 있는 대피시설이 필요하며 이들을 보호할 수 있는 적정 수용면적을 제안하고자 한다. 우리나라 국민안전처에서 1인당 수용면적을 $3.3m^2$으로 지정하였지만 그 기준의 설정 근거에 대해서는 명시되어 있지 않다. 따라서 국민안전처에서 명시된 1인당 수용면적 $3.3m^2$의 적합성을 고려하고 그 후에 다양한 기준정립을 감안하여 1인당 적정 수용면적에 대해 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1871-1885
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 다양한 기후변화 시나리오를 적용한 GCM으로부터 생산된 기상자료를 이용하여 남한지역 미래가뭄의 시공간적인 분포를 전망하였다. 가뭄을 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index)를 가뭄지수로 이용하였으며 가뭄빈도해석을 통하여 54개 기상관측소별 SDF(Severity-Duration-Fraquency) 곡선을 유도하여 남한지역의 지속기간별, 재현기간별 가뭄우심지역을 지도화하였다. 가뭄우심도에 의한 미래 가뭄전망 결과, 낙동강, 섬진강 유역이 과거와 동일하게 다른 유역에 비하여 가뭄이 심화될 것으로 전망되었으며 한강유역 역시 가뭄이 심화될 것으로 나타났다. 미래의 경우 A2 시나리오에서는 과거에 비해 낙동강 동해 유역에도 가뭄이 심화되는 지역이 확장되는 것으로 나타났으며 RCP8.5 시나리오에서는 중부지역에 위치한 한강유역의 가뭄이 심화될 것으로 예측되었다. 연구결과를 통해 미래 가뭄은 과거와 같이 남부지방에 국한되지 않고 한반도 전역에 걸쳐 광범위하게 나타날 것으로 전망되었고 기후변화 시나리오별, 기후모델별로 다소의 전망 차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2000

Spring time is a favorable season to be easily observed the Yellow Sand phenomenon in East Asia. In particular most of the phenomenon tend to occur in April. However, Yellow Sand phenomenon was observed from almost the whole country of Korea in winter of 1966, 1977 and 1999. The features of the synoptic weather pattern in the source regions, air stream flow between the source region and Korea, the measurement of TSP concentration, aerosol size distribution, and chemical composition of snow samples associated with Yellow Sand phenomenon were investigated. The result showed the characteristic evolutionary feature of the synoptic system associated with Yellow Sand phenomena, that is, a strong low level wind mobilized the dust within 2 or 3 days before Yellow Sand phenomenon being observed in Seoul. The wind was remarkably intensified in the source region on January 24, 1999 under the strong pressure gradient, A trajectory analysis showed that the Yellow Sand particle could be reached to Korea within 2 days from the source region, Gobi desert, through Loess plateau and Loess deposition region. The TSP concentration at the top of Kwanak mountain during the Yellow Sand phenomenon is abruptly increasing than the monthly mean concentration. The size resolved number concentration of aerosols ranging from 0.3 to 25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was analyzed during Yellow Sand episode. It was evident that aerosols were distinguished by particles in the range of 2-3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to result in the abrupt increase in January 1999, After Yellow Sand phenomenon, there was heavy snow in Seoul. By the analysis of snow collected during that time, it was observed that both the Ca(sup)2+ concentration and pH were increased abnormally compared to those in the other winter season.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2005

Recently, several attempts have been made to provide reasonable information on unusual severe weather phenomena such as tolerant heavy rains and very wild typhoons. Quantitative precipitation forecasts and probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs and PQPFs, respectively) might be one of the most promising methodologies for early warning on the flesh floods because those diagnostic precipitation models require less computational resources than fine-mesh full-dynamics non-hydrostatic mesoscale model. The diagnostic rainfall model used in this study is the named QPM(Quantitative Precipitation Model), which calculates the rainfall by considering the effect of small-scale topography which is not treated in the mesoscale model. We examine the capability of probabilistic diagnostic rainfall model in terms of how well represented the observed several rainfall events and what is the most optimistic resolution of the mesoscale model in which diagnostic rainfall model is nested. Also, we examine the integration time to provide reasonable fine-mesh rainfall information. When we apply this QPM directly to 27 km mesh meso-scale model (called as M27-Q3), it takes about 15 min. while it takes about 87 min. to get the same resolution precipitation information with full dynamic downscaling method (called M27-9-3). The quality of precipitation forecast by M27-Q3 is quite comparable with the results of M27-9-3 with reasonable threshold value for precipitation. Based on a series of examination we may conclude that the proosed QPM has a capability to provide fine-mesh rainfall information in terms of time and accuracy compared to full dynamical fine-mesh meso-scale model.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

Urea-SCR system, which converts nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water in the presence of a reducing agent, usually AdBlue urea solution, is known as one of the powerful NOx reduction systems for mobile as well as stationary applications. For its consistent and reliable operation in mobile applications, such various problems as transient injection, ammonia slip, and freezing in cold weather have to be resolved. In this work, therefore, numerical study on three-dimensional unsteady heating problems were analyzed to understand the melting and heat transfer characteristics such as urea liquid volume fraction, temperature profiles and generated natural convection behavior in urea solution by using the commercial software Fluent 6.3. After validating by comparing numerical and experimental data with pure gallium melting phenomena, numerical experiment for urea melting is conducted with three different coolant heating models named CH1, 2, and 3, respectively. Finally, it can be found that the CH3 model, in which more coolant is concentrated on the lower part of the urea tank, has relatively better melting capability than others in terms of urea quantity of $1{\ell}$ for start-up schedule.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.668-675
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 도시화와 산업화의 발달은 많은 양의 전력을 필요로 하였다. 그리하여 연안 지역에 원자력 발전소를 비롯한 주요 사회기반시설의 건설이 가속화되었다. 또한 지구 온난화와 이상 기후 현상에 의해 자연 재해의 강도는 증가하고 있다. 자연 재해는 발생 지점과 규모를 예측하기 어렵고, 인명 피해와 재산 피해에 영향을 주고 있다. 이러한 문제로 인하여 연안 지역의 피해 예측과 재해 규모의 산정은 중요한 문제가 되었다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 예측 가능한 기상 자료를 바탕으로 풍랑 피해의 피해액을 예측하고 예측한 결과를 바탕으로 풍랑 피해에 대하여 사전 대비 차원의 재난 관리가 가능할 것이라 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 재해 통계 자료가 부족한 시 군 구는 인접한 기상 관측소의 자료를 활용하는 지역은 군집분석을 활용하였다. 예측 가능한 기상자료와 지역 등급을 반영하였고, 재해 통계를 기반으로 남해연안지역의 풍랑 피해 예측함수를 개발 하였고, 검증 작업으로는 NRMSE를 활용하였다. 그 결과 NRMSE는 1.61%에서 21.73%로 분석되었다.