• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2015

The global patterns of annual and extreme precipitation are projected to be altered by climate change. There are various weather systems which bring precipitation (e.g. tropical cyclone, extratropical cyclone, etc.). It is possible in some regions that multiple weather systems affect the changes of precipitation. However, previous studies have assessed only the changes of precipitation associated with individual weather systems. The relative contributions of the weather systems to the changes of precipitation have not been quantified yet. Also, the changes of the relative importance of weather systems have not been assessed. This study present the quantitative estimates of 1) the relative contributions of weather systems (tropical cyclone (TC), extratropical cyclone (ExC), and "others") to the future changes of annual and extreme precipitation and 2) the changes of the proportions of precipitation associated with each weather system in annual and extreme precipitation based on CMIP5 generation GCM outputs. Weather systems are objectively detected from twelve GCM outputs and six models are selected for further analysis considering the reproducibility of weather systems. In general, the weather system which is dominant in terms of producing precipitation in the present climate contributes the most to the changes of annual and extreme precipitation in each region. However, there are exceptions for the tendency. In East Asia, "others", which ranks the second in the proportion of annual precipitation in present climate, has the largest contribution to the increase of annual precipitation. It was found that the increase of the "others" annual precipitation in East Asia is mainly explained by the changes of that in summer season (JJA), most of which can be regarded as the summer monsoon precipitation. In Southeast Asia, "others" precipitation, the second dominant system in the present climate, has the largest contribution to the changes of very heavy precipitation (>99.9 percentile daily precipitation of historical period). Notable changes of the proportions of precipitation associated with each weather system are found mainly in subtropics, which can be regarded as the "hotspot" of the precipitation regime shift.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-167
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• 2009

Global warming is regarded as one of the most critical issues that should be taken care of by the entire global community as it threatens the survival of mankind. South Korea, in particular, undergoes faster warming than the average rate of global warming. South Korea has revealed various warming rates and trends being surrounded by sea on three sides and having complex terrains dominated by mountains. The rates vary according to regions and their urbanization and industrialization. Differences also derive from seasons and weather elements. Changes to the highest, mean, and lowest temperature are also different according to the characteristics of regions and observatories, which is more apparent where the force of artificial weather applies. In an urban area, temperature gaps tend to decrease as the lowest temperature rises more than the highest temperature. Meanwhile, temperature gaps grow further in a coastal or country region where the force of artificial weather is small and the force of natural weather prevails. In this study, the investigator analyzed the changes to the weather elements of 11 observation spots that had gone through no changes in terms of observation environment since 1961, were consecutively observed, and had the quality of their observation data monitored on an ongoing basis. Using the results, I tried to identify natural and artificial causes affecting certain spots. Located on the east coast of the Asian Continent, South Korea sees weather changing very dynamically. Having huge influences on our weather, China has achieved very rapid industrialization for the last 30 years and produced more and more greenhouse gases and air pollution due to large-size development projects. All those phenomena affect our weather system in significant ways. Global warming continues due to various reasons with regional change differences. Thus the analysis results of the study will hopefully serve as basic data of weather statistics with which to set up countermeasures against climate changes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.571-577
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pain and the weather. One hundred ninety three patients treated for pain were recruited for this study. All subjects completed a 8-item weather and pain questionnaire to find out whether the pain are related to change in the weather, Of all subjects, 126 patients(65.3%) believed that change in the weather affected their pain. Of theses 126 patients, 85 patients(67.5%) reported that their pain was affected before weather changes, 44 patients(34.9%) stated that their pain was affected during weather changes. Damp/Rainy(n=91, 72.2%) and cold(n=60, 47.6%) conditions were mostly considered to have influence on pain. Of all subjects, 125 patients(64.8%) believed that change in the weather affected their mood. In the female group, a tendency to have pain or mood sensitivity to change in the weather was significantly higher than the male group(p=0.006, p=0.003) In the non-religious group, a tendency to have pain or mood sensitivity to change in the weather was significantly higher than the religious group(p=0.006, p=0.004). Of the pain sensitive group to change in the weather, 97 patients(77.0%) reported that they also have mood sensitivity to change in the weather(p=0.000). In the pain or mood sensitive group to change in the weather, their pain intensity(VAS) was significantly higher than the other group(p=0.000, p=0.021). The results of this survey give support to the idea that most patients with pain believe that weather has an important impact on their pain. Further investigations are needed to identify the mechanisms involved in the effects of weather changes on pain.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1027-1038
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• 2022

The intertidal zone has both land and marine characteristics and shows complex weather environments. These characteristics are suited for studying climate change, energy balance and ecosystems, and may play an important role in coastal and marine weather prediction and analysis. This study was conducted at Odo Island, approximately 300m from the mainland in Yeosu. We built a weather observation system capable of real-time monitoring on the mud flat in the intertidal zone and measured actual weather and marine data. Weather observation was conducted from April to June 2022. The results showed changes in air temperature and water temperature with changes in the tide level during spring. Correlation analysis revealed characteristic changes in air temperature and water temperature during the day and night, and with inundation and exposure.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 2011

The climate of the $21^{st}$ century is likely to be significantly different from that of the 20th century because of human-induced climate change. An extreme weather event is defined as a climate phenomenon that has not been observed for the past 30 years and that may have occurred by climate change and climate variability. The abnormal climate change can induce natural disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, heavy snow, etc. How will the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events be affected by the global warming change in the $21^{st}$ century? This could be a quite interesting matter of concern to the hydrologists who will forecast the extreme weather events for preventing future natural disasters. In this study, we establish the extreme indices and analyze the trend of extreme weather events using extreme indices estimated from the observed data of 66 stations controlled by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in Korea. These analyses showed that spatially coherent and statistically significant changes in the extreme events of temperature and rainfall have occurred. Under the global climate change, Korea, unlike in the past, is now being affected by extreme weather events such as heavy rain and abnormal temperatures in addition to changes in climate phenomena.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.551-572
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• 2015

Given the presence of global warming, the economic impact of climate changes on output sales has been discussed in the literature, but rarely with empirical evidences. In this present study, a simple log-model was employed to identify the economic impacts of weather changes in manufacturing and service sectors in Korea. For this empirical exercise, weather variables including the CDD (cooling degree days) and HDD (heating degree days) were computed using the Korea's meteorological records covering the period 1970-2012. According to estimation results, 26.7% (144 over 539) and 27.9% (64 over 229) of the manufacturing and service sectors, respectively, are found to be weather-sensitive.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.365-374
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• 2012

Weather derivatives designed to manage casual changes of weather, as opposed to catastrophic risks of weather, are relatively a new class of financial instruments. There are still many theoretical and practical challenges to the effective use of these instruments. The objective of this paper is to develop a pricing approach for valuing weather derivatives and presents a case study that is practical enough to be used by the risk managers of electrical utility firms. Utilizing daily average temperature data of Guangzhou, China from $1^{st}$ January 1978 to $31^{st}$ December 2010, this paper adopted a univariate time series model to describe weather behavior dynamics and calculates equilibrium prices for weather futures and options for an electrical utility firm in the region. The results imply that the risk premium is an important part of derivatives prices and the market price of risk affects option values much more than forward prices. It also demonstrates that weather innovation as well as weather risk management significantly affect the utility's financial outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.66-72
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• 2009

As 'Low Carbon Green Building' is highly required, programs to evaluate building performance are actively and commonly used. For most of these programs, dynamic responses of buildings against external weather changes are very important. In order to simulate the programs, weather data of each region must be properly entered to estimate accurate amount of building energy consumption. To this end, the existing weather data and weather data of KSES were compared and analyzed to find out how weather changes. Energy load of Korea's standard houses was also analyzed based on this data. As a result, data corresponding to June ${\sim}$ September when cooling is supplied shows 23% of average increase with 30% of peak increase(June). On the other hand, data corresponding to November ${\sim}$ February when heating is supplied shows 29% of average decrease with 34% of peak decrease(November). Increase in cooling load and decrease in heating load in the above data comparison/analysis show that KSES 2009 data reflects increase in average temperature caused by global warming unlike the existing data. Increase in dry-bulb temperature depending on weather change of standard houses increases cooling load by 17% and decreases heating load by 36%

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.219-224
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• 2022

The Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA) has been released life-related indexes such as 'Life industrial weather information' and 'Safety weather information' while other countries' meteorological administrations have been made 'Human-biometeorology' and 'Health meteorology' indexes that concern human sensibility effections to diverse criteria. Although human sensibility changes have been studied in psychological research criteria with diverse and innumerous application areas, there are not enough studies that make data mining based validation of sensibility change factors. In this research I made models to estimate sensibility change caused by weather factors such as temperature and humidity, and validated by collecting sensibility data from SNS text crawling and weather data from KMA public dataset. By Logistic Regression, I clarify factors affecting sensibility changes.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.482-489
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• 2011

This study analyzed the visual images covering 'the changes of weather' in elementary science textbooks by 2007 curriculum revision from a perspective of linguistics. The findings showed that there were inclined to increasing in terms of ideational and textual metafunctions. It meant that the informative images were increased and the form of images became more abstractive. It also showed an increase in terms of interpersonal metafunctions. It was interpreted as decreasing the ratios of images inducing epistemological detachments and increasing images help familiarity and involvement between images and readers. These results showed that the visual images of 'the changes of weather' in 2007 revised elementary science textbook were professionally, technical, and abstractive in terms of the contents and formality. And these trends of images were complemented by the involvement and familiarity of images in the aspect of interpersonal metafunctions.