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The Effect of Abdominal Breathing Exercise on Weight and Body Fat, BMI, Waist Hip Ratio in Obese College Student (복식호흡 운동이 비만 대학생의 체중, 체지방률, BMI, 복부 비만률에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwak, Yi-Sub;Kim, Young-Il
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.1867-1871
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of abdominal breathing exercises, through AB spur, on weight and BMI, % body fat, and waist-hip ratio in healthy college students. The subjects consisted of 20 obese young college students, and all of whom had no other health complications. The subjects were shown in detail the proper way to utilize the equipment and practice abdominal breathing in a laboratory setting. They were told to wear the AB spur for at least six hours a day in order to induce abdominal breathing exercise. Because the subjects were students, most of the abdominal breathing exercises took place while they were sitting in lectures at school, and they wore the equipment for 12 weeks. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the subjects started using the AB spur, there were significant decreases in weight, % body fat, BMI, and waist-hip ratio (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the stud suggest that abdominal breathing exercise may be a good weight loss method, as well as a beneficial way to decrease obesity factors, in obese college students.

A Study on Characteristics of Durability for Plunger of High Speed and Ultra-High Pressure Reciprocating Pump Using High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying (초고속 용사 적용 고속 초고압 왕복동 펌프 플런저의 내구성 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Bae, Myung-Whan;Park, Byoung-Ho;Jung, Hwa;Park, Hui-Seong
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.20-28
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    • 2014
  • The high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) is a kind of surface modification process technology to form the sprayed coating layer after spraying the powder to molten or semi-molten state by the ultra-high speed at the high-temperature heat source and conflicting with a substrate. It is desirable to melt completely the thermal spray powder in order to produce the coating layer with an optimal adhesion, however, because a semi-molten powder in a spray process has the low efficiency and become a factor that degrades the mechanical property by the inducement of pore-forming within the coating layer. To improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and heat resistance, in this study, the plungers of high-speed and ultra-high pressure reciprocating hydraulic pumps for oil and water used in ironwork are produced with $420J_2$ and the coating layers of plungers are formed by the powders of WC-Co-Cr and WC-Cr-Ni including the high hardness WC. The surface of these plungers is modified by the super-mirror face grinding machine using variable air pressure developed in this laboratory, and then the characteristics of cross-sectional microstructure, and surface roughness and hardness values between no operation and 100 days-operation are examined and made a comparison. The fine tops and bottoms on surface roughness curve of oil-hydraulic pump plunger sprayed by WC-Cr-Ni are molded more and higher than those of water-hydraulic pump sprayed by WC-Co-Cr because the plunger diameter of oil-hydraulic pump is 0.4 times smaller than that of water-hydraulic pump and the pressure of oil-hydraulic pump exerted on the plunger is operated with the 70 bars higher than that of water-hydraulic pump. As a result, it is found that the values of centerline average surface roughness and maximum height for oil-hydraulic pump plunger are bigger than those of water-hydraulic pump plunger.

A study on the Relationship of Korean Film Costumes and Popular Fashion - Focused on the Retro Phenomenon Since the 1998 - (한국영화의상(韓國映畵衣裳)과 대중(大衆)패션의 연관성(聯關性)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察) -1998년(年) 이후(以後) Retro 현상(現狀)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Jung, Jee-Hae;Shin, Young-Sun
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.122-142
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    • 2003
  • This study examines the meaning of retro phenomenon and its background of establishment that showed in the pop culture. And it finds out the retro phenomena in the domestic fashion trends. And it defines the characteristics of dress and its ornament in the retro phenomena that have shown in the Korean movies since 1998. By doing this, it examines the relationship between movie dress and street fashion while it compares the styles in the 50s 70s with the retro fashion that is currently emerging. The results of the study are as follows. First, the hippie look in the 60s represented a distinctive characteristic of how they rejected traditional lifestyles. Hippie's romantic femininity that showed in the movie of 'Oollala Sisters' received a spotlight as a necessary style in the modern fashion trend. Second, while the funk look in the 70s was a style of disorder and disgust, the movie gives it a possibility of fashion with a converted sense as a vanguard fashion while embracing the funk look. Third, the layered look in the 70s was expressed with layered items, while the current layered look emphasizes layered textiles as shown in the movie of 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King'. Fourth, the feminine look which was a symbol of restraint shows a mixed style with delicate feminine items as shown in the movies, 'The Harmonium In My Memory' and 'Ditto'. Fifth, the training look that has two stripes as shown in the movie 'the Friends' is considered as casual wear, which is functional and easy to move at the end of the 20th century. Finally, the romantic images of school look, as shown in the movies 'the Friends' and 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King', show a renewed mixed & unique style. This study has its significance in the sense that it verifies the fact that the movie dress does not show the characteristics of the works that momentarily passes the screen, but it becomes a foundation of the future fashion design. At this time that Korean movies are highly developing, a through study on the movie fashion will not only give a direction of future in the modern fashion, but it will also give a developing momentum in the Korean movie dress.

Development of Shoes' Easy-Order Prototype According to Foot Types of Juveniles In On-Line 3D Virtual Reality (청소년의 발의 형태 분류에 따른 On-line 3D 가상현실에서의 신발류 이지오더 Prototype 개발)

  • Choi, Sung-Won;Lim, Ji-Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.6 no.11
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    • pp.182-189
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    • 2006
  • Consumers can choose suitable shoes for their feet in off-line shopping. However, in on-line shopping, because they can not wear shoes, compare to the off-line shopping, there are many problems in internet shopping. And the solution of user-oriented internet shopping is development of new type of prototype which is accessible to user and to offer visual information through 3D-virtual reality. We made this Prototype that the consumer can measure their own shoes size. And the consumer can print out their foot size in the internet database and measure their own foot size and type. And we maximized the visual experience though it is indirect and then we wanted to overcome a emotional experience in the real world. we visualized first, 'the softness' of shoes meterial, second 'the drainage' in the realtion of shoes meterial and water, third 'the close adhesion' in the realtion of shoes and consumer's their own foot and last 'the elasticity' in the relation of the shoes outer sole and surface. The result of this research can solve the problem in the existing on-line shoes' shop and it will become an alternative plan. And this prototype just will not become the localization at the on-line shoes' shop. In true sense, it will be an important example in the whole internet industry.

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Study on the Characteristics of Noise/Vibration in the Upright Laying Hen House (직립식 산란계사 내의 소음 진동 발생 현황 조사연구)

  • Lee S.J.;Chang D.I.;Chang H.H.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to measure and analyze the characteristics of noise and vibration, and to analyze their effects on the productivity of layers, mechanical troubles, and abnormal wear-out failure of facilities and equipment of the layer house. The measurements of noise and vibration were taken at 13 layer farms nationwide for the operations of feed supplier system, feed distribution system, automatic egg collection system, ventilation system, blot conveyer for layer feces, and fur the case of with and without their operation by a sound level meter and a vibration measuring system in the layer house equipped with upright multi-tier cages. Measurement results showed that normal times were noise(N) 82 dB and vibration(V) 0.2072 cm/s, feed supplier system were 90 dB(N) and 2.8560 cm/s(V), feed distribution system were 90 dB(N) and 2.0222 cm/s(V), automatic egg collection system were 87 dB(N) and 0.1865 cm/s(V), ventilation system 88 dB(N) and 2.5364 cm/s(V), belt conveyer fur layer feces were 88 dB(N) and 0.2387 cm/s(V), and then maximum values of noise and vibration were 90 dB and 2.8560 cm/s, respectively, when feeding systems(feed supplying system and feed distribution system) were operated. Based on these results, an experiment is being conducted to find out the effect of noise and vibration on the productivity of layers in the layer house equipped with upright multi-tier cages.

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Intercomparisonn of Techniques for Pressure Tube Inspection of Pressurized heavy Water Reactor (가압 중수로형 원자력발전소 압력관 비파괴검사기술의 상호비교)

  • Lee, Hee-Jong;Kim, Yong-Si;Yoon, Byung-Sik;Lee, Young-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.294-303
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes the analysis results of a series f Round-Robin test that was performed to intercompare inspection and diagnosis techniques for characterization of pressure tube f a pressurized heavy water reactor under the Coordinated Research Project(CRP) of IAEA's nuclear Power Programme. For this test, six nations, Korea, Canada, India, Argentina, Rumania, and China that currently have pressurized heavy water reactors under operation involved, and the "KOR-1" pressure tube sample prepared by Korea was used. Two kinds of NDE technique, ultrasonic and eddy current test, were applied for these tests. The "KOR-1" pressure tube sample contains total 12 artificial flaws such as crack-like EDM notches, wear that is similar to the real flaws and can be produced on the pressure tubes during plant operation. Test results showed that seven laboratories from six nations detected all twelve flaws in "KOR-1" specimen by using ultrasonic and eddy current test methods, and ultrasonic test method was more accurate than eddy current test method in flaw detectin and sizing. ID flaws in pressure tube sample were more easily detected and accurately sized than OD flaws.

Comparison of Dose Depending on the Position when Shooting Panorama and CBCT (CBCT와 panorama 촬영시 위치에 따른 선량 비교)

  • Jeong, Cheonsoo;Kim, Chongyeal
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.175-179
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    • 2013
  • To find out the appropriate defensive measures for protectors and radiation workers in rotating radiation generating devices such as CBCT and panorama, irradiation dose depending on the position was compared and analyzed. The devices such as panorama DP-90-P PAX-500 (Vatech, Korea) and CBCT DCT-90-P IMPLAGRAPHY Dental CT system (Vatech, Korea) were used. As irradiation dose measuring instruments, Ion chamber model 2026 and Reader 20X5-60E were used. The exposure conditions were set as the factor used in the clinical trial. The result of the experiment showed that panorama was the highest, 81${\mu}R$, at point A where the test starts first and the lowest, 53${\mu}R$, at point D where the test ends. In case of CBCT, it was the highest, 1,021${\mu}R$, at point D where the test ends and was measured as the highest, 809.67${\mu}R$, at point A where the test starts. If protectors and radiation workers are forced to examine a patient holding him, they should be positioned in the middle of the point where X ray tube starts to rotate and the point where it ends to avoid the position where radiation dose is the most. And due to the nature of equipment, it will be the safest for them to stand at the opposite side of the machine and to uphold it from the rear rather than upholding it from the side of a patient and they should wear appropriate the protection gear.

A Study on Radiation Exposure Dose of Operator During Interventional Radiology Procedure (방사선 중재적 시술 중 시술자의 피폭선량에 대한 연구)

  • Jeon, Mi-Eun;Lim, Cheong-Hwan;Jung, Hong-Ryang;You, In-Gyu;Hong, Dong-Hee;Kang, Byung-Sam
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2012
  • Interventional radiologists are not aware of the potential injury from procedures. The purpose of this study are to evaluate radiation exposure of interventional radiologist from intervention procedures and to develop guideline of the simple methods for decreasing their radiation exposure from intervention procedure. In this study, Dosimeters were used to monitor operator doses of radiation exposure in a broad range of procedures from 20 interventional radiologist during the periods of 3 months. And, we searched protection methods of each interventional radiologist. During TACE procedure, there was using 0.5 mmPb radiation protector decreased average 89.5 % of radiation exposure. Thicker radiation protector provide decreasing radiation exposure. And radiation exposure dose decreased average 47.7 % by using pulse fluoroscopic mode. Therefore, interventional radiologist should wear protective aprons, use active shielding, monitor their doses, and know how to poisoning themselves during the procedure and operate correct of the machines for minimum dose.

A analysis of friction relation between tennis outsole and tennis playing surfaces (테니스화겉창과 테니스 스포츠바닥재간의 마찰관계상관 분석)

  • Kim, Jung-Tae
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.361-380
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    • 2002
  • The purposes of this study were to a analysis of friction relation between tennis outsole and tennis playing surfaces. Tennis footwear is an important component of tennis game equipment. It can support or damage players performance and comfort. Most importantly athletic shoes protect the foot preventing abrasions and injuries. Footwear stability in court sports like tennis is incredibly important since it is estimated that as many as 45% of all lower extremity injuries occur in the foot and ankle. The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it. The friction force opposes the motion of the object. Friction results when two surfaces are pressed together closely, causing attractive intermolecular forces between the molecules of the two different surfaces. The outsole provides traction and reduces wear on the midsole. Today's outsoles address sport specific movements (running versus pivoting) and playing surface types. Different areas of the outsole are designed for the distinct frictional needs of specific movements. Traction created by the friction between the outsole and the surface allows the shoe to grip the surface. As surfaces, conditions and player motion change, traction may need to vary. An athletic shoe needs to grip well when running but not when pivoting. Laboratory tests have demonstrated force reductions compared to impact on concrete. There is a correlation between pain, injury and surface hardness. These are a variety of traction patterns on the soles of athletic shoes. Traction like any other shoe characteristic must be commensurate and balanced with the sport. The equal and opposite force does not necessarily travel back up your leg. The surface itself absorbs a portion of the force converting it to other forms of energy. Subsequently, tennis court surfaces are rated not only for pace but also for the percentage of force reduction.

Clinical Analysis of Ocular Trauma Induced by Lawn Trimmers (예초기에 의한 안 외상 환자의 임상적 고찰)

  • Kang, In-Gu;Park, Cheol-Sang;Ryu, Hyun-Sik;Heo, Sok-Jin;Chae, Youn-Sok;Kim, Hyun-Jin;Park, Seong-Soo;Lee, Mi-Jin;Jeong, Won-Joon
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: Lawn trimmers are widely used to cut the weeds around graves in South Korea, but they can cause ocular injury. We investigate at the emergency room the incidence and the clinical features of ocular trauma induced by lawn trimmers. Methods:The authors analyzed 106 patients who visited Konyang University Hospital's emergency room from March 1, 2007, to October 31, 2011, because of ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer. Patients were sorted into two groups, severe ocular injury and mild ocular injury. Results: Over a 5-year period, 106 patients with ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer underwent clinical study. Most of the patient (103 patients) were males, and the average age of the patients was $51.75{\pm}11.66$ years. The incidence of ocular trauma peaked in the sixth decade of life. Most injuries occurred between July and September. Severe ocular injury developed in 46.2% of all patients. As age increased, so did the severity of the ocular injury. The impacting object was a small stone in 43.4% of all patients. Nobody wore protective gear. The most common diagnosis were corneal abrasion, followed by intraocular foreign body, corneal laceration, and sclera laceration. Fifty-four patients were followed up, and thirty-six patients of them had severe injury. The most common complication was a traumatic cataract. Conclusion: Ocular trauma induced by a lawn trimmer is more severe than general ocular trauma. We suggest that everyone using a lawn trimmer should wear protective gear and follow safety guidelines.