• Title/Summary/Keyword: Waveguide Bragg grating

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The Effects of Various Apodization Functions on the Filtering Characteristics of the Grating-Assisted SOI Strip Waveguides

  • Karimi, Azadeh;Emami, Farzin;Nozhat, Najmeh
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, four apodization functions are proposed for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) strip waveguides with sidewall-corrugated gratings. The effects of apodization functions on the full width at half maximum (FWHM), the side-lobe level, and the reflectivity of the reflection spectrum are studied using the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and the transfer-matrix method (TMM). The results show that applying proposed apodization functions creates very good filtering characteristics. Among investigated apodized waveguides, the apodization functions of Polynomial and z-power have the best performance in reducing side-lobes, where the side-lobe oscillations are entirely removed. Four functions are also used for precise adjustment of the bandwidth. Simulation results show that the minimum and maximum values of the FWHM are 0.74 nm and 8.48 nm respectively. In some investigated functions, changing the apodization parameters decreases the reflectivity which is compensated by increasing the grating length.

Fabrication of Butt-Coupled SGDBR Laser Integrated with Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Having a Lateral Tapered Waveguide

  • Oh, Su-Hwan;Ko, Hyun-Sung;Kim, Ki-Soo;Lee, Ji-Myon;Lee, Chul-Wook;Kwon, Oh-Kee;Park, Sahng-Gii;Park, Moon-Ho
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.551-556
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    • 2005
  • We have demonstrated a high-power widely tunable sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) laser integrated monolithically with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) having a lateral tapered waveguide, which is the first to emit a fiber-coupled output power of more than 10 dBm using a planar buried heterostructure (PBH). The output facet reflectivity of the integrated SOA using a lateral tapered waveguide and two-layer AR coating of $TiO_2\;and\;SiO_2$ was lower than $3\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;over$ a wide bandwidth of 85 nm. The spectra of 40 channels spaced by 50 GHz within the tuning range of 33 nm were obtained by a precise control of SG and phase control currents. A side-mode suppression ratio of more than 35 dB was obtained in the whole tuning range. Fiber-coupled output power of more than 11 dBm and an output power variation of less than 1 dB were obtained for the whole tuning range.

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High Contrast Grating 구조체를 이용한 빛의 제어

  • Kim, Jun-Yeong;Yeon, Gyu-Hyeok;Kim, Ji-Hun;Jo, Un-Jo;Kim, Yeong-Dong;Song, Jin-Dong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.426.2-426.2
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    • 2014
  • Wavefront control은 렌즈, 거울 등을 포함한 많은 광학소자를 대체할 수 있는 기술이며, 이는 광 직접 소자 개발에 매우 유용하다. 기존의 Distributed bragg reflector (DBR) 구조의 경우 lattice mismatch, 낮은 효율, 작은 굴절률 차이의 물질만을 사용해야 하는 문제 등으로 광 직접 소자에의 적용에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계점을 극복하고, 더 나아가 광학소자 구조 내에서의 빛의 거동을 조절하기 위해서 High-index contrast grating (HCG), 즉, 큰 굴절률 차이가 나는 물질로 이루어진 격자 구조 내의 빛이 가지는 waveguide 특성에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 굴절률 차이가 큰 물질을 sub-wavelength의 주기적인 혹은 비주기적인 격자 구조로 만듦으로써 투과된 빛의 투과도와 위상 등을 조절할 수 있고 이를 통해 빛의 초점 거리, 휘어짐을 조절 할 수 있다. HCG 구조 내의 빛의 거동을 Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) 및 Finite element method (FEM) 계산을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. RCWA 계산을 통해 주기 격자구조의 투과도 및 반사도, 빛의 위상을 계산하여 비주기를 갖는 전체적인 HCG 구조를 결정하였고, FEM 계산을 통하여 그 구조 내에서 빛의 거동을 시뮬레이션 하였다. 1,300 nm 파장의 빛이 광원으로 사용되었고 시뮬레이션을 위해 낮은 굴절률의 물질로 ITO, 높은 굴절률의 물질로는 Si이 사용되었다. $15{\mu}m$ 포커싱, $7.91^{\circ}$의 휘어짐을 시뮬레이션 하였고, 실제 소자 공정을 하여 제작한 후, 광 측정 결과 포커싱은 $15{\mu}m$, 휘어짐은 $4.5{\sim}6.5^{\circ}$를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 HCG구조체를 통하여 빛의 엔지니어링이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. HCG구조체는 빛이 투과하는 광학 소자의 전반에 적용이 가능하며 더 나아가 인위적인 빛의 엔지니어링이 가능함을 시사한다.

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Wide Tuning and Modulation Characteristics Analysis of Coupled-Ring Reflector Laser Diode (결합 링 반사기 레이저 다이오드의 광대역 파장 가변 및 변조 특성 해석)

  • Yoon, Pil-Hwan;Kim, Su-Hyun;Chung, Young-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.544-547
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    • 2006
  • A time-domain modeling approach is used to study characteristics of a widely tunable coupled-ring reflector (CRR) laser diode(LD). The CRR consists of a bus waveguide and two coupled ring resonators coupled to the bus without resorting to distributed Bragg grating structure. The tuning range can be a few tens of nanometers with a side mode suppression ratio exceeding 35dB through the adjustment of currents into the phase control sections in the rings. The CRR laser diode has long effective cavity length compared to conventional laser diodes. Accordingly, a broad additional resonance peak in the amplitude modulation characteristics is observed between 20 to 30 GHz, implying the extension of amplitude modulation bandwidth.

Fabrication of Planar Waveguide Bragg Grating and Measurement of Wavelength Change for Temperature (평판도파로 브래그격자 제조 및 온도에 따른 파장변화 측정)

  • 한준모;서영진;백세종;임기건;최두선
    • Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.214-215
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    • 2003
  • 평면광도파로 브래그격자는 광도파로 내부의 코어의 굴절률을 주기적으로 또는 비주기적으로 변화시켜 특정 파장의 빛을 반사시키거나 투과손실로 작용하게하는 광소자이다. 이러한 광소자는 광가감다중화기, 분산보상기, 파장선택형 반사거울, 파장제거필터, 증폭기의 이득평탄화, 광스위치등 여러분야의 소자 개발의 핵심적인 기능을 부여한다. UV 엑시머레이저의 출력을 게르마늄이 첨가된 실리카 유리에 조사하여 격자구조를 형성시키는 방법이 Hill 등에 의해 발표되었고 이후, 홀로그래피 방법, 위상마스크 방법등 여러 가지의 광섬유 격자 형성방법을 활용하여 여러종류의 광통신소자들이 연구되었다. (중략)

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Tunable Wavelength Filters Based on Long-Range Surface-Plasmon-Polariton waveguides (금속선 광 도파로를 이용한 장거리 표면-플라즈몬 파장가변 필터)

  • Kim, Ki-Cheol;Song, Seok-Ho;Won, Hyong-Sik;Lee, Gwan-Su
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.371-380
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    • 2006
  • We design and fabricate a novel tunable wavelength filter, which utilizes long-range surface plasmon-polaritons excited along nm-thick-metal strips. A gold metal strip, with $\sim$ cm length, 20 nm thickness, and $\sim$ 5$\mu$m width, is embedded in thick thermo-optic Polymer films supported by a silicon wafer. A dielectric Bragg grating structure is Placed on the metal strip, so that transmission signals at telecom wavelength are selected by thermal effect of the thermo-optic polymer. High extinction ratio of 25 dB and total insertion loss of $\sim$25 dB/cm can be measured by single-mode coupling of optical fibers. We also verify that wavelength tuning of the long-range surface plasmon-polariton filters can be achieved by electric current directly applied to the metal-strip waveguides.

Fabrication of gratings in Planar Lightwave Circuits for External Cavity Laser (외부 공진기 레이저 구현을 위한 평면도파로 격자 제작)

  • Lim, Jong-Hoon;Lim, Gun;Lee, Kyung-Shik;Song, Jeong-Hwan;Cho, Jae-Geol;Jung, Sun-Tae;Oh, Yun-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.490-494
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    • 2004
  • Bragg gratings were fabricated in Ge-doped silica planar lightwave circuits (PLC) for different writing conditions to study the growth characteristics. The refractive index modulation of the gratings grew in the PLC with total fluence F according to the power law $\Delta$n=A $F^{B}$. The characteristics of the PLC gratings formed for external cavity lasers match closely to those predicted by the power law. The oscillation spectra of the FP-LD with a Bragg grating grown in the PLC waveguide were also presented.d.