• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1092-1098
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• 2013

Cassava constitutes an abundant substrate in tropical regions. The production of butanol in ABE fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 using cassava flour (CF) was scaled-up to bioreactor level (5 L). Optimized fermentation conditions were applied; that is, $40^{\circ}C$, 60 g/l CF, and enzymatic pretreatment of the substrate. The batch fermentation profile presented an acidogenic phase for the first 24 h and a solventogenic phase afterwards. An average of 37.01 g/l ABE was produced after 83 h, with a productivity of 0.446 g/l/h. Butanol production was 25.71 g/l with a productivity of 0.310 g/l/h, high or similar to analogous batch processes described for other substrates. Solvent separation by different combinations of fractioned and azeotropic distillation and liquid-liquid separation were assessed to evaluate energetic and economic costs in downstream processing. Results suggest that the use of cassava as a substrate in ABE fermentation could be a cost-effective way of producing butanol in tropical regions.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2013

NaA 제올라이트 입자들을 폴리비닐알콜(PVA) 고분자에 분산시키어 복합막을 제조하였다. 나노 크기의 NaA 입자들을 연구실에서 합성하였으며, 그 평균 크기는 대략 60 nm이었다. 제조한 혼합 매트릭스 분리막을 이용하여 0.01 부터 0.05 몰분율 농도 범위의 에탄올 수용액으로부터 물을 선택적으로 분리하고자 공급 수용액의 농도 및 첨가한 제올라이트 함유량을 0 에서 5 wt% 내에서 조절하면서 투과증발 특성을 고찰하였다. 상호 비교 목적으로 평균 $5{\mu}m$ 크기의 NaA 입자들을 분산시킨 복합막의 투과 증발 특성도 함께 조사하였다. 공급된 에탄올 농도가 0.01 몰분율인 실험조건에서 분리막 내의 나노 NaA 입자들의 첨가량이 0 wt%에서 5 wt%로 증가함에 따라 물의 투과플럭스는 $600g/m^2/hr$에서 $2,000g/m^2/hr$로 크게 증가하였으며, 물 선택성은 1.5에서 7.9로 5배 이상 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 나노 입자들이 분산된 분리막을 통한 물 투과플럭스는 마이크로 입자들이 분산된 분리막을 통한 물 투과플럭스보다 전반적으로 약 15% 이상 증가한 반면, 선택도는 약 5% 정도 증가한 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서, 마이크로 입자보다는 나노 입자의 혼합으로 인한 투과플럭스나 선택도에 미치는 영향이 매우 크기 때문에 나노 입자가 더 효율적이라고 사료된다.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2004

In recent years, an increasing interest in membrane technology has been observed in chemical and environmental industry. Membrane technology has advantages of low cost, energy saving and environmental clean technology comparing to conventional separation processes. Pervaporation is one of new advanced membrane technology applied for separation of azeotropic mixtures, aqueous organic mixtures, organic solvent and petrochemical mixtures. Sodium alginate composite membranes were prepared for the enhancement of long-term stability of pervaporation performance of water-ethanol mixture using pervaporation. Sodium alginate membranes were crosslinked with CaCl$_2$ and coated with polyelectrolyte chitosan to protect washing out of calcium ions from the polymer. The surface structures of PAN and hydrolysed PAN membrane were confirmed by ATR Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). A field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; Jeol 6340F) operated at 15 kV. Concentration profiles for Ca in the membrane surface and membrane cross-section were taken by an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyser (Jeol) attached to the field emission scanning electron microscopy (Jeol 6340F). Pervaporation experiments were done with several operation run times to investigate long-term stability of the membranes.

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2008

열적, 기계적, 화학적 안정성이 우수한 제올라이트 분리막의 물/에탄올 선택도를 이온교환 실험을 통해 더욱 효과적으로 높이고자 하였다. KA형 제올라이트 분리막을 직접 합성하는 것은 용이하지 않으므로 NaA형 제올라이트 분리막을 합성한 후 이를 다시 이온교환 하여 KA형 제올라이트 분리막을 제조하였다. 공급되는 에탄올의 농도 변화 및 투과 증발실험 온도의 변화가 투과플럭스와 물 선택도에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 이온교환 실험 후 전체 투과플럭스는 감소하였고 물 선택도는 증가함을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2024

The asymmetric polylactic acid (PLA) membrane was prepared via phase inversion method using non-solvent induced separation (NIPS) technique. This study aims to synthesized as well as to characterize the PLA membrane and evaluating the membrane performance on water flux and permeability. In addition, this research also studied the removal performance of methylene blue dye. The polymer solution has been prepared using 12 wt.% of PLA and dissolved in 88 wt.% of Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent. Then, the cast film was immersed in different ratio of coagulant bath medium (distilled water: methanol: ethanol) ranging from 100:0:0, 75:25:0, 75:0:25 and 75:12.5:12.5, respectively). Several characterizations were performed which include, membrane contact angle and membrane porosity. Performance PLA membranes were determined in terms of water flux and permeability at 1 bar transmembrane pressure using dead-end permeation cell. Finally, methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency was tested at the same transmembrane pressure. The findings revealed that the increase of alcohol concentration in coagulant bath resulted in higher porosity and lower contact angle. In short, MB dye rejection efficiency is also closely related to the amount of alcohol ratio used in coagulant baths. Increases in concentration of methanol and ethanol in coagulant bath medium increases the membrane porosity thus increased in efficiency of methylene blue rejection.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.2413-2418
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• 2013

Forensic and legal medicine require reliable data to indicate excessive alcohol consumption. Ethanol is oxidatively metabolized to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase and non-oxidatively metabolized to ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), phosphatidylethanol, or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). Oxidative metabolism is too rapid to provide biomarkers for the detection of ethanol ingestion. However, the non-oxidative metabolite EtG is a useful biomarker because it is stable, non-volatile, water soluble, highly sensitive, and is detected in body fluid, hair, and tissues. EtG analysis methods such as mass spectroscopy, chromatography, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques are currently in use. We suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be used to monitor ethanol intake. As with current conventional methods, NMR spectroscopy doesn't require complicated pretreatments or sample separation. This method has the advantages of short acquisition time, simple sample preparation, reproducibility, and accuracy. In addition, all proton-containing compounds can be detected. In this study, we performed $^1H$ NMR analyses of urine to monitor the ethanol and EtG. Urinary samples were collected over time from 5 male volunteers. We confirmed that ethanol and EtG signals could be detected with NMR spectroscopy. Ethanol signals increased immediately upon alcohol intake, but decreased sharply over time. In contrast, EtG signal increased and reached a maximum about 9 h later, after which the EtG signal decreased gradually and remained detectable after 20-25 h. Based on these results, we suggest that $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy may be used to identify ethanol non-oxidative metabolites without the need for sample pretreatment.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.176-180
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• 1995

고온의 기포를 액상에 분산시켜 형성되는 기-액상간의 온도구배로 인한 열 및 물질전달 방법인 고온기포접촉법을 도입하여 수용액으로부터 에탄올의 분리능력을 검토하고 회수율을 살펴보았다. 기포의 높은 분산속도는 액상내에서 jet regime을 형성하였으며 온도와 유속에 따라 air-water stripping coefficient는 각각 $5{\sim}10,\;1{\sim}1.5$배 증가하였다. 액상과 기포의 온도차가 클수록 stripping coefficient의 값이 높았으며 유속보다는 온도가 분리능력에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 회수율은 고온일 때와 유속이 클수록 증가해 $150^{\circ}C$, 84.88m/min 일때 80%의 회수율을 나타내었다. 고온기포접촉법은 stripping coefficient가 에탄올의 초기농도에 큰 영향을 받지 않으므로, 알코올 발효공정에서 배양액의 농도가 5% 이상 높아지면 알코올 생성균주의 생장장해를 일으켜 알코올 생산 수율이 떨어지는 생산물 저해작용을 줄이고 알코올을 회수하는 공정으로 응용될 수 있다.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1992년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.52-55
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• 1992

화학공업에서 물질의 합성과 분리는 매우 중요한 공정이다. 특히 혼합물의 분리는 중요한 역할을 하고 있고, 그 분리 방법에 대한 연구도 광범위하게 진행되고 있다. 이와 같은 물질의 분리는 최근에 이르러 에너지의 절약과 분리의 고효율화가 요구되면서 여러 분야에서 많은 관심의 대상이 되고 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.942-952
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• 2013

Monoliths are functional porous materials with a three-dimensional continuous interconnected pore structure in a single piece. A monolith with uniform shape based on poly(${\gamma}$-glutamic acid) (PGA) has been prepared via a thermally induced phase separation technique using a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, water, and ethanol as solvent. The morphology of the obtained monolith was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the surface area of the monolith was evaluated by the Brunauer Emmett Teller method. The effects of fabrication parameters such as the concentration and molecular mass of PGA and the solvent composition have been systematically investigated. The PGA monolith was cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate to produce the water-insoluble monolith. The addition of sodium chloride to the phase separation solvent affected the properties of the cross-linked monolith. The swelling ratio of the cross-linked monolith toward aqueous solutions depended on the buffer pH as well as the monolith fabrication condition. Copper(II) ion was efficiently adsorbed on the cross-linked PGA monolith, and the obtained copper-immobilized monolith showed strong antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli. By combination of the characteristic properties of PGA (e.g., high biocompatibility and biodegradability) and the unique features of monoliths (e.g., through-pore structure, large surface area, and high porosity with small pore size), the PGA monolith possesses large potentials for various industrial applications in the biomedical, environmental, analytical, and separation fields.

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2004

Trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA)는 발수발유용 특수도료나 광섬유의 외관에 중요하게 쓰여지는 코팅제에 쓰여지는 산업적으로 중요한 단량체로, 주로 산촉매 하에 trifluoro ethanol (TFEA)와 methacrylic acid (MA)의 에스테르화 반응에 의해 제조된다. 이러한 TFEMA의 제조에 투과증발막의 적용가능성을 알아보기 위한 선행연구로서, 상용화된 폴리비닐알콜계 투과증발막(GFT Membrane $Pervap^{\circledR}1005$)을 대상으로 반응물의 하나인 trifluoroethanol (TFEA)을 대상으로 온도와 농도의 변화에 따른 투과증발실험을 실시하였다. 투과증발실험 결과 TFEA 농도가 90에서 99 wt%로 높아질수록 투과용액 내의 물의 감소에 기인한 전체투과량은 감소하였다. TFEA/물 선택도는 95 wt% TFEA 농도까지는 높아지는 경향을 보였지만 97 wt%부터 감소하여 99 wt%에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 운전온도가 상승함에 따라 투과도의 증가와 더불어, 선택도도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 적용된 TFEA 농도와 운전온도의 범위에서 GFT막은 물에 대한 우수한 투과도와 선택성을 보였다. 이러한 TFEA/물 혼합용액에 대한 높은 탈수성능은 GFT 투과증발막이 TFEMA의 에스테르화 막반응기에 적용될 수 있음을 확인시켜 주었다.