• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was quantitative and qualitative contents analysis of food and nutrition section in middle school textbooks of home economics, physical education and science. As a quantitative approach numbers of sentence lines tables, figures, photos, activities, and exercises were counted. As a qualitative approach, types of explanations were categorized by 7 criteria, and commons and differences of the contents of those subjects were compared. The conclusions of this study were summarized as follows: 1) Contents of food and nutrition section were divided into nutrients. water. energy, food groups, and nutritional problems. When average sentence lines of each were compared, those of nutrients were the longest in all 3 subjects. 2) When compared the numbers of tables, figures, and photos in 3 subjects of textbooks, there were more figures in home economics and science, and more tables in physical education. 3) There were more activities and exercises in home economics an science than in physical education. 4) The D(sentences with table) or E type(sentences with figure) was adapted for the explanation of nutrients functions, recommended dietary allowance, food sources, food groups, eating habits, and weight control in home economics: nutritions functions and energy metabolism in physical education : and digestion, body constituents, energy metabolism, and detection of nutrients in science. 5) Contents about classification and functions of nutrients. food sources deficiency water, energy contents of nutrients and obesity were shown in all 3 subjects. Food groups and eating habits were explained in detail in home economics whereas digestion of nutrients in the digestive tracts were explained in detail in science. Recommended dietary allowance for Koreans and basic food groups revised in 1995 were presented in home economics, whereas those revised in 1989 were presented in physical education. To avoid confusion, recommended dietary allowance for Koreans and food groups presented in physical education tex should be updated.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2006

The aims of this study were to describe the effects of glucose-sweetened drinks on blood glucose, energy, and water intake at a meal 3 hours later. The effect of blood glucose on prandial energy intake and the relationship between water and energy intake during a meal were also determined. Twenty healthy normal-weight men were fed pizza test meals 3h after consuming four drinks of 0, 50g, 65g, and 75g glucose in random order, within-subjects design. Blood samples were measured at baseline and every 30 min after ingestion of drinks and 30min after the end of the test meal and the appetite was also assessed by visual analog test at the same interval. The results of this study showed that various glucose drinks altered blood glucose responses compared with that of water control(p<0.0001). Blood glucose areas under the curve(AUC) for glucose-sweetened drinks were significantly(p<0.05) higher than that for the control over 3 hours after a drink and 30 min after the test meal. Consumption of the glucose-sweetened drinks significantly increased(p<0.05) energy and water intake at a test meal compared with the water control, except the drink containing 75g glucose. For all drinks combined, the energy intake was negatively correlated with the blood glucose and positively correlated with the volume of water consumed at a test meal at 3 hours later.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.646-657
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and is also useful for verifying the validities of dietary evaluation tools. In this study, we compared the accuracy of total energy intakes (TEI) estimated by the 24-h diet recall method with TEE obtained using the doubly labeled water method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study involved 71 subjects aged 20-49 yrs. Over a 14-day period, three 24-h diet recalls per subject (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) were used to estimate energy intakes, while TEE was measured using the DLW method. The paired t-test was used to determine the significance of differences between TEI and TEE results, and the accuracy of the 24-h recall method was determined by accuracy predictions percentage, root mean square error, and bias. RESULTS: Average study subject age was 33.4 ± 8.6 yrs. The association between TEI and TEE was positive and significant (r = 0.463, P < 0.001), and the difference between TEI (2,084.3 ± 684.2 kcal/day) and TEE (2,401.7 ± 480.3 kcal/day) was also significant (P < 0.001). In all study subjects, mean TEI was 12.0% (307.5 ± 629.3 kcal/day) less than mean TEE, and 12.2% (349.4 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in men and 11.8% (266.7 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in women. Rates of TEI underprediction for all study subjects, men, and women, were 60.5%, 51.4%, and 66.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that 24-h diet recall underreports energy intakes. More research is needed to corroborate our findings and evaluate the accuracy of 24-h recall with respect to additional demographics.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.149-152
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• 2008

Three properties of food waste are water 80%, ash 3%, volatile matter 17%. When food waste goes through treatment process such as removal of foreign substances, removal of water as well as sodium, dryness, and pulverization, it transforms into 4,000Kcal/kg purverized fuel if moisture content is below 13%. Fuel ratio(fixed carbon/volatile matter) of purverized fuel is low compared with bituminuous coal. Ignition temperature measured by thermogravimetry analyzer is about $460^{\circ}C$. Combustion test of purverized fuel have been performed using energy recovery facility which include storage tank of dewatered cake, dryer, hammer mill, combuster including burner, boiler, flue gas treatment equipment. When 160-180 kg/hr of fuel is steadily supplied to burner for 3 hours, combueter temperature reaches about $1000^{\circ}C$ and CO is 77-103ppm at 1.55 excess air ratio and SOx and Cl are under 2ppm and 1ppm, respectively. This experiment demonstrate that purverized fuel made from food waste could be an alternative clean energy for high oil price era

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2004

The Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Food and Nutrition Board in conjunction with Health Canada recently released the sixth in a series of reports on dietary reference values for the intake of energy and macronutrients. This paper discusses the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for energy and physical activity. Several new approaches were used with the DRIs for the macronutrients. Those discussed in this paper include: $.$Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) at four levels of energy expenditure based on doubly labeled water measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE). $.$Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease the risk of chronic disease.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 신기후체제 대비를 위한 온실가스 감축 수단으로써 신재생에너지원인 매립가스의 에너지이용 확대를 위해 현장 매립폐기물을 적용하여 음폐수 주입에 따른 메탄가스 생산량 증대 및 이에 따른 온실가스 감축효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 메탄가스 생산량 증대를 위해 주입하는 음폐수는 $35^{\circ}C$, pH 6으로 전처리한 후 사용하였고, 전처리 반응조는 타공성 담체가 고정된 상향류식 고정층 반응기를 이용하였다. 실제 매립폐기물을 이용한 pilot-scale 바이오리액터 운전결과 음폐수 주입시 강우를 활용한 대조군에 비해 6배의 매립가스 증가율을 보였으며, 평균 매립가스 발생량은 $56{\ell}/day/m^3$으로 $1m^3$ 매립지용적에서 연간 약 $20m^3$의 메탄가스가 생산 가능함을 확인하였다. 이를 에너지원으로 활용할 경우 25만 $m^3$ 이상의 중규모 매립지에 적용시 사업성이 확보될 뿐만 아니라 기 등록되어 있는 매립가스 활용 CDM 사업 및 방법론을 기준으로 폐기물 처리용량 25만 $m^3$ 규모의 매립지를 대상으로 온실가스 감축량을 산출한 결과 연간 약 4~5만 톤의 온실가스 감축효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2000

These experiments were performed to investigate the safety of two herbs-Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and Lycium chinese Miller-irradiated with gamma-rays in respect of genotoxicity. Water extracts from the 10 kGy gamma-irradiated herbs were examined in two short -term in vitro tests ; (1) Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay (Ames test) in strain TA 98 and Ta100 and (2) Micronuclues test on clutured Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells. No mutagenicity was detected in the two assays with or without metabolic activation . From these results , the safety of the herbs irradiated with gamma-rays at practical doses could be revealed in further tests of genotoxicity in vivo, chronic and reproductive toxicity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is considered the gold standard for the measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves to estimate energy requirements. This study evaluated the accuracy of predictive dietary reference intake (DRI) equations for determining the estimated energy requirements (EER) of Korean adults by using the DLW as a reference method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Seventy-one participants (35 men and 36 women) aged between 20 and 49 years were included in the study. The subjects' EER, calculated by using the DRI equation ($EER_{DRI}$), was compared with their TEE measured by the DLW method ($TEE_{DLW}$). RESULTS: The DRI equations for EER underestimated TEE by -36.3 kcal/day (-1.3%) in men and -104.5 kcal/day (-4.9%) in women. The percentages of accurate predictions among subjects were 77.1% in men and 62.9% in women. There was a strong linear correlation between $EER_{DRI}$ and $TEE_{DLW}$ (r = 0.783, P < 0.001 in men and r = 0.810, P < 0.001 in women). CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the use of DRI prediction equations to determine EER in Korean adults. More studies are needed to confirm our results and to assess the validity of these equations in other population groups, including children, adolescents, and older adults.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.184-184
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• 2017

A nation-wide water-energy-food (WEF) nexus simulation model has been developed by the authors and successfully applied to South Korea to predict the sustainability of those three resources in the next 30 years. The model was also capable of simulating future scenarios of resources allocation based on priority rules aiming to maximize resources sustainability. However, the process was still relying on several assumptions and trial-and-error approach, which sometimes resulted in non-optimal solutions of resources allocation. In this study, an optimization module was introduced to enhance the model in generating optimal resources management rules. The objective of the optimization was to maximize the reliability index of resources by determining the resources' allocation and/or priority rules for each demand type that accordingly reflect the resources management policies. Implementation of the optimization module would result in balanced allocation and management of limited resources and assist the stakeholders in deciding resources' management plans, either by fulfilling the domestic production or by global trading.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.107-107
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• 2001

In the present study, the protective effect of Scutellaria baicalensis against DNA damage in HL-60 cells exposed to $^{60}$ Co ${\gamma}$-rays was evaluated using micronuclei formation and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay). The frequency of micronuclei was decreased in groups treated with water extract (P＜0.01), polysaccaride fraction (P＜0.01) and methanol fraction (P＜0.01) before/after exposure to 200 cGy of ${\gamma}$-rays.(omitted)