• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.513-520
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• 2018

Since Paris Climate Change Conference in 2015, many policies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas have been accelerating, which are mainly related to renewable energy resources and micro-grid. Presently, the technology development and demonstration projects are mostly focused on diversifying the power resources by adding wind turbine, photo-voltaic and battery storage system in the island-type small micro-grid. It is expected that the large-scaled micro-grid projects based on the regional district and town/complex city, e.g. the block type micro-grid project in Daegu national industrial complex will proceed in the near future. In this case, the economic cost or the carbon emission can be optimized by the efficient operation of energy mix and the appropriate construction of electric and heat supplying facilities such as cogeneration, renewable energy resources, BESS, thermal storage and the existing heat and electricity supplying networks. However, when planning a large residential town or city, the concrete plan of the energy infrastructure has not been established until the construction plan stage and provided by the individual energy suppliers of water, heat, electricity and gas. So, it is difficult to build the efficient energy portfolio considering the characteristics of town or city. This paper introduces an energy mix optimization(EMO) method to determine the optimal capacity of thermal and electric resources which can be applied in the design stage of the real large-scaled residential town or city, and examines the feasibility of the proposed method by applying the real heat and electricity demand data of large-scale residential towns with thousands of households and by comparing the result of HOMER simulation developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1477-1486
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of lycopene supplementation on the carcass traits, meat quality, concentration of lipid oxidation products and antioxidant potential in the meat and liver of finishing barrows and gilts. Methods: A total of 40 barrows and 40 gilts were allotted in a completely randomized block design, arranged in a 2×5 factorial scheme, consisting of two sexes (barrows and gilts) and five dietary levels of lycopene (0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, and 50.0 mg/kg). In addition, four storage times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h), at 4℃, were added to the model to evaluate the longissimus lumborum muscle. Results: An interaction (p = 0.010) was observed between storage periods and dietary lycopene levels. The unfolding of the interaction (lycopene×period) showed a decreasing concentration of malondialdehyde concentration as the dietary lycopene increased, at all storage periods. No interactions (p>0.050) were observed for the 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in the pork. However, the percentage of DPPH radical inhibition reduced (p = 0.001) up to 72 h. Additionally, there was a linear increase (p = 0.001) in the capture of DPPH radicals by antioxidants, as the dietary lycopene increased. No interactions were observed (p>0.05) between the evaluated factors in liver. However, lipid oxidation was reduced by supplementing lycopene in pig diets. The capture of the DPPH radical, resulted increase in the antioxidant power exerted by lycopene in the liver (p = 0.001). The concentrations of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and DPPH in the liver were affected by sex (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of lycopene reduced the water loss during thawing and was effective in protecting against oxidation of the longissimus lumborum muscle and liver until 72 hours of storage, and the best results were obtained by supplementing with 50.0 mg of lycopene/kg of diet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.360-360
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• 2020

조립식 빗물침투형 저류블록은 우수유출 저감시설로, 황토 및 친환경 무기질 결합재를 이용하여 제작한 고강도 투수성 블록의 적층 및 요철에 의한 끼움식 조립에 의해 형성된 공간에 빗물을 저류하고, 저장된 빗물은 시간이 지남에 따라 지반으로 침투시키는 우수유출 저감용 빗물관리시설로, 집중강우 시 유출수가 발생하는 해당지역에 분산식으로 설치하여 국지적 호우 발생에 대처할 수 있으며, 지속적인 침투를 통한 지하수위 확보 및 가뭄현상의 저감은 물론, 미기후 조성과 건전한 물순환 구조 형성에 이바지하는 빗물관리기술이다. 본 기술은 집중형 대규모 빗물저류조의 적용상의 문제점과 단순저류의 한계성을 극복하고, 기존 침투시설의 낮은 침투능을 증대시키고자 저류기능과 침투기능을 동시에 확보하여 집중호우시 빠른 침투저류능을 향상시킨 조립식 빗물침투형 저류시설이다. 보다 구체적으로는 집중강우에 대한 방재적 측면과 함께 가뭄으로 발생하는 지하수위 저하 등에 친환경적으로 대응하기 위한 복합적인 빗물관리 기술로서, 빗물 유출저감과 함께 물순환 회복 및 저영향개발을 위한 각 지자체의 지침과도 부합될 수 있다. 또한, 콘크리트 제품의 환경적 문제점과 플라스틱 제품의 낮은 물성을 극복하였고, 시공 시에는 보다 현장상황에 맞게 가변적 형태로 적용이 가능한 단순조립 적층공법으로 공기단축에 탁월한 장점이 있으며, 유지관리 시에는 별도의 동력이 요구되지 않는 형태로 개발하였다. 조립식 빗물침투저류블록의 구조체를 이루는 단위 블록유닛은 투수성 소재로 제작되며, 상하부가 개방되어 있고 사각형의 내부에 힘을 받는 격벽과 전후벽이 상호 대응되는 요철로 형성되어 있으며, 단위블록 유닛 다수개가 수직수평으로 연속적으로 조립되어 규모의 제한, 형태의 제한이 없는 구조물 형성이 가능하다. 본 구조체의 저류공극율은 80%이상 확보 가능하며, 또한 블록자체의 투수율이 0.83mm/sec로서 순모래나 순자갈의 포화투수계수보다 투수율이 높아 침투저류 효율성이 높으며 시공 후 상부 토지는 자유롭게 활용 가능하다. 본 조립식 빗물 침투형 저류블록을 이용하여 저영향개발 계획, 우수유출 저감대책 수립, 빗물관리시설 계획시 기존의 시설들에 비하여 경제적, 효율적인 설계가 가능하다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2015

In this study, a BMW plant process control system model which produces BMW is suggested and the BMW plant process controller with the following functions is developed. The first function is to operate the electronic overload relays to stop the blower for a certain period of time and to re-operate it again when the blower is overloaded. The second function is to close the motor operated valve automatically in case of power failure to prevent the circulation from the guided tank to the compost throwing tank and to block leak from the compost throwing tank due to the failure of ball valve. The third function is to transfer produced BMW from the concentration tank to 4 storage tanks for automatic managing of the BMW output. A device to measure the signal of the BMW plant process controller and a test equipment are developed. The designed BMW plant process controller is checked to see if it operates correctly according to the design specifications. The sequence control method based on BMW plant process controller is developed at a low cost in this study, so it is expected to bring improvements in the stability and the efficiency of system and to cause reductions in the operation and the management costs in the future.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Excavated archaeological cast iron objects in improper storage are quickly corroded and disintegrated into block and powder finally. Hence desalination treatment which is a way of removing internal corrosive factors, especially chloride ion, is an important process. But desalination is often omitted or objects are dehydrated by alcohol because the destruction of objects could occur during desalting. Although current desalting methods mostly use an aqueous alkali solution, $OH^-$ ions of water could accelerate corrosion and broaden internal cracks cause of high surface tension. Therefore this study experimented desalting using ethyl alcohol, which is low surface tension, to investigate an effect of desalination. As a result, desalting using ethyl alcohol showed the similar or more effective results of desalting using water. In addition, as aspects of desalting safety, ethyl alcohol desalting method was smaller destruction of objects and extraction of Fe from the objects than the aqueous alkali solution. However, this study explored the possibility of desalting methods using organic solvent in fieldwork, so the results would provide basic date for making the safe and effective desalting method for archaeological cast iron objects through further experiments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.386-408
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• 1988

A study was conducted to develop a model for estimating evapotranspiration and yield of Chinese cabbages from meteorological factors from 1981 to 1986 in Suweon, Korea. Lysimeters with water table maintained at 50cm depth were used to measure the potential evapotranspiration and the maximum evapotranspiration in situ. The actual evapotranspiration and the yield were measured in the field plots irrigated with different soil moisture regimes of -0.2, -0.5, and -1.0 bars, respectively. The soil water content throughout the profile was monitored by a neutron moisture depth gauge and the soil water potentials were measured using gypsum block and tensiometer. The fresh weight of Chinese cabbages at harvest was measured as yield. The data collected in situ were analyzed to obtain parameters related to modeling. The results were summarized as followings: 1. The 5-year mean of potential evapotranspiration (PET) gradually increased from 2.38 mm/day in early April to 3.98 mm/day in mid-June, and thereafter, decreased to 1.06 mm/day in mid-November. The estimated PET by Penman, Radiation or Blanney-Criddle methods were overestimated in comparison with the measured PET, while those by Pan-evaporation method were underestimated. The correlation between the estimated and the measured PET, however, showed high significance except for July and August by Blanney-Criddle method, which implied that the coefficients should be adjusted to the Korean conditions. 2. The meteorological factors which showed hgih correlation with the measured PET were temperature, vapour pressure deficit, sunshine hours, solar radiation and pan-evaporation. Several multiple regression equations using meteorological factors were formulated to estimate PET. The equation with pan-evaporation (Eo) was the simplest but highly accurate. PET = 0.712 + 0.705Eo 3. The crop coefficient of Chinese cabbages (Kc), the ratio of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETm) to PET, ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 at early growth stage and from 0.9 to 1.2 at mid and late growth stages. The regression equation with respect to the growth progress degree (G), ranging from 0.0 at transplanting day to 1.0 at the harvesting day, were: $$Kc=0.598+0.959G-0.501G^2$$ for spring cabbages $$Kc=0.402+1.887G-1.432G^2$$ for autumn cabbages 4. The soil factor (Kf), the ratio of the actual evapotranspiration to the maximum evapotranspiration, showed 1.0 when the available soil water fraction (f) was higher than a threshold value (fp) and decreased linearly with decreasing f below fp. The relationships were: Kf=1.0 for $$f{\geq}fp$$ Kf=a+bf for f$$I{\leq}Esm$$ Es = Esm for I > Esm 6. The model for estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was based on the water balance neglecting capillary rise as: ETa=PET. Kc. Kf+Es 7. The model for estimating relative yield (Y/Ym) was selected among the regression equations with the measured ETa as: Y/Ym=a+bln(ETa) The coefficients and b were 0.07 and 0.73 for spring Chinese cabbages and 0.37 and 0.66 for autumn Chinese cabbages, respectively. 8. The estimated ETa and Y/Ym were compared with the measured values to verify the model established above. The estimated ETa showed disparities within 0.29mm/day for spring Chinese cabbages and 0.19mm/day for autumn Chinese cabbages. The average deviation of the estimated relative yield were 0.14 and 0.09, respectively. 9. The deviations between the estimated values by the model and the actual values obtained from three cropping field experiments after the completion of the model calibration were within reasonable confidence range. Therefore, this model was validated to be used in practical purpose.