• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.415-420
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• 1985

In this study, changes in physical and chemical properties of glutinous rice during various soaking periods (0, 0.08, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 days) were investigated in order to clarify the relations ship between soaking period and expansion volume in the preparation of Gang Jung. The longer the soaking period was, the greater the expansion volume of Gang Jung was. Higher maximum viscosity and breakdown in amylogram of glutinous rice flour were observed as the soaking period was increased, As the length of soaking period increased, hardness of glutinous rice and size of flour particle significantly decreased, while sweeling power and solubility of glutinous rice flour showed no significant difference. Increased length of soaking period was associated with higher fatty acidity, higher acidity of water extract and lower pH of glutinous rice flour. Control of flour particle size distribution resulted in significantly larger expansion volume of Gang Jung. Brabender's amylogram showed that the increase of expansion volume of Gang Jung associated with the increase of soaking period was related to the change of rheological properties of glutinous rice. It seemed that changes in viscometric properties of glutinous rice was attributed to the different flour particle size distribution resulted from changes in hardness of rice during soaking.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.52-59
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• 2018

To control chloride attacks which is a representative deterioration in RC(Reinforced Concrete) structures, many studies have been conducted. Above all, a method using mineral admixture was known to be effective for corrosion protection. In this study, durability test about chloride attacks was carried out for concrete specimens containing FA(Fly Ash)-representative concrete mineral admixture and OPC concrete specimens considering 3 different levels of W/B(Water to Binder). Accelerated chloride diffusion coefficient tests referred to Tang's method, total passed charge tests referred to ASTM C 1202, and compressive strength tests based on KS F 2405 were performed at each target age day. Also, based on previous studies of 28 days, time-parameter which is a key parameter for diffusion behavior is evaluated and its relations with compressive strength at the age of 365 days is evaluated. After the age of 49 days, chloride resistance of FA concrete is much improved than that of OPC concrete, which arose out of stable hydrates due to pozzolan reaction of fly ash. Time-parameter of FA concrete is evaluated to be about 1.5 times larger than that of OPC concrete. Also, time-parameter of FA concrete has a linearly decreasing relation while that of OPC concrete has a linearly increasing relation with compressive strength development.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2009

Six strains of Phycomyces blakesleeanus (DEL, A56, C9, C47, C111, and G5) were cultured in continuous light condition for 6 days. The increase in fresh and dry weight after the culture period was similar in all strains. However, the increase in fresh weight was sustained throughout the culture period in all strains, whereas the increase in dry weight was prominent only during the first 3 days of culture. The development and phototropism of macrophores was observed after 3 days of culture, These results suggest that the development and phototropism is ascribed to the increase in turgor pressure in sporangiophores where water entered. A56 and G5 showed a higher sensitivity to light than C9 and C47, whereas C111 showed no photosensitivity. Antagonistic relations were observed between photosensitivity and development of microphores, suggesting that the development and phototropism of macrophores is regulated by a common recognition factor (photoreceptor).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.234-241
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• 1975

Reproductive cycle of Haliotis discus hannai Ino was studied based on the samples which were collected in Yeosu area from January, 1973 to December, 1974. Particular emphasis was paid on the seasonal variation of gonad maturity factor, coefficieot of gonad maturity, fatnesss, and relationship of gonad weight to growth of the abalone. seasonal fluctuation of water temperature and induction of artificial spawnings were also checked. The abalone of this area spawns twice a year: spring spawning(early May-late July) and Autumn spawning(early September-late November). peak spawning occurs from late May to middle of June for spring spawning: it occurs from late September to early November for Autumn spawning. Gonad maturity factor was closely related to the spawning seasons. For the spring spawning Gonad maturity factor reached to its maximum value as 18.84 in April; for the Autumn spawning it reached to its maximum value as 22.65 in September. Annual minimum value was 12.65 in January. Annual maximum values of coefficient of gonad maturity were 44.10 in May and 49.05 in September and the annual minimum was 10.09 in January. Fatnesswas highest in July as 0.221 and it was lowest in October as 0.1058. Ratios of shell length to gonad weight were formulated as follows : $$In\;September\;GW=0.000003710SL^{3.7860}$$ $$In\;January\;GW=0.000021198SL^{2.8564}$$ $$Annual\;mean\;GW=0.00000005013SL^{4.2273}$$ Relations of total weight to gonad weight were formulated as follows : In September GW=0.1918TW-4.9231 In January GW=0.0992TW-0.1759 Annual maan GW=0.1568UW-3.5256.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.328-337
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• 2009

To investigate the relation between pore fluid conductivity and bulk resistivity of a rock sample it is assumed that electrolyte solution perfectly substitute the pore fluid that occupied the pore space within the sample in general. In this study, it is investigated that how much can the electrolyte solution substitute the pore fluid by repeating the same saturation process. Four kinds of NaCl solutions of 8, 160, 3200, 64000 ${\mu}S$/cm are used. The saturation process has repeated four times for each electrolyte in increasing conductivity order first then four times each in decreasing order. The more the saturation process repeated with the same electrolyte, the more electrolyte solution substitute the pore fluid. Geometric mean of bulk resistivity in increasing and decreasing orders with the same electrolyte solution is assumed to be mostly close to the bulk resistivity with perfect substitution. Bulk resistivity measurements for both increasing and decreasing order differs within 10% to the geometric mean when repeating the saturation process 4 times while maximum 40% difference is observed when single saturation process for each electrolyte solution with increasing order. The modified parallel resistant model can generally represent the relations between pore fluid resistivity and bulk resistivity in the experiment, but more experimental data with various rock samples with different porosity is needed to generalize the model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 1999

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of hydraulic architecture by measurement of leaf specific conductivity(LSC) in the twenty-one deciduous broad-leaved species. The LSC's of stems were higher than in branches except Acer mono, A. triflorum, Betula schmidtii, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Zelkova serrata, and lowest in junction parts as compared with stems and branches. In diffuse-porous species, the LSC was much higher in B. plalyphylla var. iaponica, B. schmidtii, Cornus controversa, Tilia amurensis than those of other species and especially lowest in A. triflorum. In ring-porous species, the LSC was much higher in Maackia amurensis, Paulownia tomentasa, Quercus aliens, Q. serrata than those of other species and lowest in Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. The LSC's of 1-year-old terminal shoots of stem(the leader and adjacent laterals) in A. triflorum, C. controversa. F. mandshurica, Q. mongolica and Z. serrata ranged from 22 to $139{\mu}{\ell}/g$ in the leaders, and 11 to $73{\mu}{\ell}/g$ in the adjacent laterals. The LSC's of leaders were usually greater than the adjacent laterals because of the hydraulic dominance of the leader shoot.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of muscle, gonad-viceral, mass and whole body of the cultured ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii in the Gamag bay of Yeosu city were studied from December 2008 to November 2009 in relation to environmental condition and reproductive cycles. Average monthly water temperature in the winter was in the range of $7-12^{\circ}C$ and $20-25^{\circ}C$ in the summer, while the salinity fluctuated in the range of 30.1%-33.8‰ on the average. Seasonal fluctuation of the concentration of nutrient salt was the highest in September ($13.04{\mu}g/L$) with average annual concentration of $4.6{\mu}g/L$. The main spawning season of the ark shell was during the months of July and August, and the gonads were in inactive stage during the winter. The gonad-visceral mass contained lower amounts of proteins than the other body parts. The most marked changes in body composition were lipids and carbohydrates within the gonad-visceral mass, and protein for each of the organs was relatively consistent throughout the year. All the parts in the visceral sac displayed the highest changes during the gametogenic cycle while the contents of moisture and lipid within the visceral act displayed somewhat inverse relations with each other. Moisture content was the lowest during the inactive stage during which the lipid content is the highest. The lipid content was the lowest immediately following spawning with increase in the moisture content as the lipid is being consumed. Protein mass within the visceral sac was low in comparison to the muscle mass. It is deemed that carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the visceral sac play the major role as the source of energy during the development process of the gonads, and used for maintenance of base metabolism when available food is scarce.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.92-103
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• 2015

Box-Wilson experimental design method, known as central composite design, is the design of any information-gathering exercises where variation is present. This method was devised to gather as much data as possible in spite of the low design cost. This method was employed to model the effect of mixing factors on several performances of 60 MPa high strength self compacting concrete and to numerically calculate the optimal mix proportion. The nonlinear relations between factors and responses of HSSCC were approximated in the form of second order polynomial equation. In order to characterize five performances like compressive strength, passing ability, segregation resistance, manufacturing cost and density depending on five factors like water-binder ratio, cement content, fine aggregate percentage, fly ash content and superplasticizer content, the experiments were made at the total 52 experimental points composed of 32 factorial points, 10 axial points and 10 center points. The study results showed that Box-Wilson experimental design was really effective in designing the experiments and analyzing the relation between factor and response.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Recently, the case to construct the structure on the soft clayey ground has increased and in order to the reduction of the cost of construction and maintenance on the social infrastructure facilities we have been trying to improve the soft clayey ground using the existing methods such as the pre-loading method and the vertical drain method. Like this, when various ground improvement methods are applied on the soft clayey ground, a long-term consolidation settlement will be key issue due to low permeability coefficient of cohesive soil. According to existing research results that relate to the consolidation settlement, the loading periods for existing the standard consolidation test (Oedometer test) to obtain the consolidation parameters are needed for minimum ten days or more. Therefore, in this study, the standard consolidation test (24 hours step-loading) and constant strain rate consolidation test changed by strain rate was performed using the remolded marine clay on Gwangyang bay composed of a soft clayey ground of the south-west coast. From the laboratory test results, the characteristics of compression, strain-effective stress relations by constant strain rate and the variation characteristic of the pore water pressure by different of loading speed and the relation between consolidation parameters and constant strain rate are compared and analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2004

It's essential process to study non-linear material function related to characteristics of compressibility and permeability when we predict the consolidation behavior of soft clay ground. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to find out the material function using marine clay. Standard oedometer test and Rowe cell test were performed with conditions, which were classified into vertical drainage only, radial drainage only and vertical-radial drainage case. Modified oedometer test equipment was developed to find out the material function and special extrusion device was originated to minimize the sample disturbance effect. Reliability of the results in modified oedometer test could be confirmed by comparing with the Rowe cell's one. Effective stress - void ratio - permeability relations were analyzed using all testing results. As a result, void ratio with effective stress level could be expressed by the power function and permeability with void ratio could be expressed by exponential function. In soft clay with high initial water content and low shear strength, non-linear characteristics related to compressibility and permeability varied with wide range by the effective stress levels. It's important to note that non-linearity of the material function should be considered at prediction of the consolidation behavior.