• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

Many countries, including Korea, suffer from a shortage of freshwater. With increases in population and the quality of life, along with large-scale expansion in industrial and agricultural activities, more freshwater is needed. Available resources, Including ground water, are limited, and desalination presents the opportunity for a new unlimited source of freshwater from the sea. The objectives of this study were to test membrane performance in seawater desalination and to examine the quality of water produced. bath well and sea water were used as water sources. Typically used membrane for seawater desalination and high rejection seawater desalination membrane are maintained at almost same recovery rate and permeate flux, while the conductivity was lower in the operation of typically used seawater membrane. The treated water quality using two types of membranes is satisfied with the Korea drinking water quality standards.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.3 s.61
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• pp.61-72
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• 2006

This study was carried out for verification of efficiency of seawater exchange breakwater which was installed in joomoongin harbor for the first time in our country. The joomoongin harbor, where seawater exchange breakwater has been constructed, shows typical for fishery and tourist port city specifics of greatest pollutants discharge volume in spring and summer, when tourist inflow and fishery activity is most vigorous. On the East Sea seawater flux through seawater exchange breakwater for the smallest waves (up to 0.5 m) was found out to be $1,526-3,052m^3/day$. After construction of seawater exchange breakwater, Zone 1 and Zone 2 of stagnant water inside the port were found to be a lot improved. Zone 3, adjacent to outport area, was found to be lower comparing with Zone 1 and Zone 2. The results of statistical analysis show that comparing with water quality improvement effect before and after seawater exchange, water quality after installation of seawater exchange breakwater became much better, primarily because of physical change around the harbour.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2023

This study aims to estimate the value of environmental services that could be generated by seawater flowing in the Geumgang Estuary by using meta-regression for benefit transfer. The environmental services that can be generated by seawater flowing are assumed to be improved water quality, increased biodiversity, and enhanced water-friendly effect. The analysis was conducted using 122 data from 28 studies from EVIS. The results show that households in the neighborhood where seawater is distributed are willing to pay about KRW 46,918, KRW 7,752, and KRW 7,859 per year for improved water quality, increased biodiversity, and enhanced water-friendly, respectively. The WTP of the national households other than neighboring households was found to be KRW 19,401, KRW 3,206, and KRW 3,250 for the three environmental services, respectively. The WTP for water quality improvement is higher than that for biodiversity increase and water-friendly effect increase, which may be due to the fact that water quality improvement is an environmental service that is close to the use value. In addition, neighboring households have a higher WTP than national households because neighboring households are more likely to evaluate the benefits of seawater flowing as a use value, while national households are more likely to evaluate it as a non-use value.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.140-148
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• 2003

On the basis of factor analysis, stations were grouped according to their similar characteristics of seawater quality. The data for factor analysis were collected from the 15 stations from Dukryang Bay to Ulsan Bay on the southern cost of Korea. The study was based on the data from 1991 to 2000. The 8 water quality items analyzed were temperature, salinity, pH, DO, COD, DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen), DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus), and SS (suspended solid). Analysis of 6 water quality items including DO with the exception of temperature and salinity showed that 15 stations were grouped into two zones, i.e., the western and the eastern coast, by the axis of Samcheonpo-Jinju Bay-south of Geoje, 3 seawater zones in all. The adjacent stations to the southward or northward but not those to the eastward or westward were classified into the same group. On the analysis of all of the 8 water quality items, the stations of Dukryang Bay and Goheung; and those of Onsan and Ulsan Bay were classified into the same group. Yeosu and Namhae stations were sectioned into 1 group on the all seawater quality items but DIP, Samcheonpo and south of Geoje stations another group on all seawater quality items but water temperature, and Masan and Busan stations in the other group on all seawater quality items but DO. The stations from Dukryang Bay through Goheung to east of Geoje were grouped together on the COD item, and this showed somewhat different tendency in other seawater quality items.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2011

The operation of tidal power facility may induce severe changes of water quality in Shihwa Lake. Current water quality data are quite important to water quality management policy of Shihwa Lake. Thus, the water quality data of Shihwa Lake and its adjacent sea in 2010 were presented to characterize the temporal and spatial changes of water parameters such as pH, SS, DO, COD, dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll-a, TN and TP. Highest levels of water quality parameters were observed near the Shihwa and Banweol industrial complexes and the levels of water quality parameters were on a decreasing trend to those near the water gate. It suggests that the horizontal distributions of water quality levels are mainly controlled by the supply of fresh water from streams and the inflow of outer seawater by operation of water gate. Although the higher concentrations of TN and TP were observed in the location being affected by Sorae port, the levels of water quality parameters in outer sea of Shihwa Lake were lower than those in Lake. In summer season, hypoxic condition was well developed in bottom water by strong stratification and active decomposition of organic matter. Thus, the vertical distributions of dissolved nutrient, TN and TP concentrations showed the concentrations to be higher in bottom seawater than those in surface seawater whereas the vertical distributions of chlorophyll-a, COD and POC concentrations showed the concentrations to be higher in surface seawater than those in bottom water. Results of Pearson's correlation matrix for surface seawater demonstrated that salinity showed negatively good correlation with not only dissolved nutrients except for ammonium but chlorophyll-a, COD and POC This result indicates that the supply of dissolved nutrients through several streams might significantly affect phytoplankton bloom and increase of COD concentration in surface seawater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 1997

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted in July and August, 1996 for the purpose of describing the characteristics of organic pollution, dissolved oxygen distributions, and the evaluation of water quality in Mokpo harbour. The vertical density distribution of water column was found to be in stable structure with higher water temperature and lower salinity on surface layer at ebb tide in summer. In July, dissolved oxygen was shown to be oversaturated on surface and bottom layers, while in August, which was shown to be oversaturated on surface layer, and to be unsaturated on bottom layer as 68∼93% of saturation percentage. Dissolved oxygen of bottom layer in August was evaluated to be under the regular grades, based on Korean standards of seawater quality. In view of COD, the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour in summer was evaluated to be deteriorated due to organic wastes and graded to be the third class, and TSS of Mokpo harbour in summer was graded to be the second class, based on Korean standards of seawater quality. In particular, COD of surface layer in August was found to be under the regular grades. It is, therefore, necessary to take measures for the control of pollution loads and the proper management of seawater quality in Mokpo harbour. The distribution patterns of DO, COD, VSS and Chlorophyll-a on surface layer along the downstream center line from inner harbour to harbour entrance were similar to one another at ebb tide in August.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2003

Deep seawater is pumped up about 200 m water depth, which has characteristics of rich nutrients, low temperature and cleanness. This study was performed to investigate the effect of deep seawater and deep seawater salt on the yeast growth of fermented bread. The rate of increase in volume of groups added with deep seawater and deep seawater salt was higher than that of groups added with distilled water. The pore pattern of groups added with deep seawater was more regular than that of groups added with distilled water. In sensory property, the bread added with distilled water and deep seawater salt has the highest score (6.56) in overall acceptability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2022

This study assessed the levels of water qualities and microbials contamination of inland olive flounder farms in Jeju in the summers from 2015 to 2017. Three farms (A-C) located in a concentrated area using mixing coastal seawater and underground seawater and one farm (D) located in an independent area using only coastal seawater were selected. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) reached a maximum of 0.898 ± 1.024 mg/L as N in the coastal seawater of A-C, which was close to the limit of the water quality management goal of the fish farm. TAN in the influent from A-C was up to three times higher than that of D, so that the discharged water did not spread to a wide range area along the coast and continued to affect the influent. TAN of the effluent in A-C increased by 2.7-4.6 times compared to the influent, resulting in serious self-pollution in the flounder farm. Heterotrophic marine bacteria in the influent of A-C was about 600 times higher than D, and the discharge of A-C was increased by about 30 times compared to the influent.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 2017

Purpose: The present study explored cookie making performance using Jeju magma seawater to elucidate the effects of minerals in water on quality of baked goods. Methods: Seven water samples were analyzed for their mineral content, pH and water hardness. Starch pasting properties of flour in water samples was analyzed using RVA, and cookie making performance using water samples was evaluated with the AACCI wire-cut cookie baking method. Quality of cookies was measured by weight loss during baking, cookie geometry, color, and firmness. Results: Hardness of water samples ranged from 0-4200, and mineral content was in the order of magma seawater > 100% ED mineral water > 50% ED mineral water > 10% ED mineral water > tap water > Samdasoo > distilled water. RVA results showed that water hardness exhibited significant relationships with pasting temperature (p<0.05, R=0.863), peak viscosity (p<0.001, R=0.944), final viscosity (p<0.05, R=0.861), and setback (p<0.05, R=0.782). Cookie baking results showed that cookie diameter increased in the order of magma seawater < 100% ED mineral water < 50% ED mineral water < 10% ED mineral water $\approx$ tap water < Samdasoo < distilled water. Conclusion: As mineral content in water increased, flour pasting temperature and viscosity increased, whereas cookie diameter decreased with color fading. However, cookies formulated with 50% ED mineral water showed similar cookie geometry and texture to those with tap water. Therefore, controlling the mineral content of water can be successfully applied to produce mineral-enriched cookies.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

A two-dimensional numerical experiment and field observations were conducted to evaluate changes in sea water movement and the water quality environment related to comprehensive projects of waterfront development around Kwangyang Bay on the south coast of Korea. Tidal flow velocities, especially in the western part of the bay, were considerably slower as a result of the development projects. Accordingly, the seawater exchange ratio reduced from 38.7% to 26.3%. The impact of dredging work on the water quality environment was much stronger than expected. Furthermore, after the completion of the industrial parks and container-exclusive wharfs, COD from the waste water treatment plant will be dispersed extensively into the adjacent water at a level of less than 0.1 mg/l for up to 142.5 $\textrm{km}^2$. Therefore, consistent monitoring and management of the water quality environment is strongly recommended.