• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.501-503
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• 2017

수도분야에서는 정수장 및 관말 관로 상의 전 공정에서 유량, 압력, 수질, 수위 등 다양한 데이터를 수집하고 있다. 수집되는 데이터는 각 정수장 DB에 저장되며, 권역별 DB에서 합쳐져 수자원공사 본사의 DB 서버에 최종 저장된다. 측정기기가 데이터를 측정하거나 여러 과정에 걸쳐 데이터가 통신될 때 다양한 이상 데이터가 발생할 수 있으며 크게 결측 데이터와 오측 데이터로 분류할 수 있다. 각각의 이상 데이터의 발생원인은 상이하다. 따라서 오측 및 결측 데이터를 검출하는 방식에는 차이가 있으나 실제 이를 정제하는 방식은 동일하다. 본 연구에서는 딥러닝 알고리즘의 일종인 LSTM(Long Short Term Memory) 방식을 적용하여 오 결측 데이터를 자동으로 정제할 수 있는 프로그램에 대하여 고찰한다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

본 연구는 부유 식물 물상추를 이용하여 수질 개선과 무기양분 흡수 특성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 초기 Sonneveld-2S 처리에서 물상추는 $NH^+_4$를 $NO^-_3$보다 더 많이 흡수하여 초기 pH 값이 가장 낮았으나 시간이 지남에 따라 pH가 올라갔다. 대부분 빗물로 구성된 연못은 EC가 생육시기 전반에 걸쳐 낮았다. 식재 30일에서 50일 사이에 총 부유물질이 모든 처리에서 급격하게 증가하다가 그 이후 다시 감소하였다. 생육기간 동안 DO는 낮아졌으며 동시에 COD 값은 이와 상반된 결과를 보였다. 식재 100일 후 물상추의 초장, 초폭, 분지수와 생체중은 Sonneveld-2S 처리에서 가장 높았으며 연못물에서 가장 낮았다. 연못물 처리를 제외한 모든 처리에서 분지수는 급격히 증가하였다. 특히 생활하수에서 초장과 초폭은 Sonneveld-2S와 Sonneveld-1S 처리와 거의 비슷할 정도로 식물 생장이 왕성하였다. Yamazaki의 공식으로 무기 양분의 흡수량을 계산한 결과 총질소는 Sonnveld-2S에서 $112.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Sonnveld-1S에서 $56.6me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Sonnveld-1/2S에서 $17.4me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 연못물에서 $3.7me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 그리고 생활하수에서 $31.8me{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 다른 무기 이온에 비해 질소를 가장 많이 흡수하였다. 총 질소의 흡수량은 각각 식물체 분석 결과 물상추 내 총 질소는 모든 처리에서 지하부가 지상부에 비해 더 높았다. 생활하수 처리에서 총 질소는 지상부와 지하부가 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 인은 Sonnveld-2S에서 $15.6me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Sonnveld-1S에서 $1.72me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Sonnveld-1/2S에서 $3.13me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 생활하수에서 $5.0me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 흡수하였다. 물상추가 식물 양분 형태로 질소와 인을 흡수 및 제거하여 부영양화된 수질을 정화할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2003

기존의 Epichlorohydrin의 생산 공정을 개선하기 위해 중간 생성물인 dichlorohydrin생성 반응인 hypochlorination 반응에 대한 실험을 통해 개선방안을 조사하였다. 첫 번째로 이 반응에서 사용되고 있는 공업용수를 PVC 공장으로부터 방출된 폐수를 재활용하여 사용하였을 경우 반응 수율에 미치는 영향에 대해 실험하였고 실제적인 반응 생성물 조성에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 부반응물 중 거의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 TCPA를 정제공정 이전에 "추출제 A"를 사용하여 제거할 수 있다. 이를 이용하여 TCPA에 의한 부가적인 부반응을 억제하고 후단의 정제공정에서 분리하는데 소요되는 에너지를 절감할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 Allyl chloride와 반응하는 염소기체의 양을 감소시키면서 생성물의 조성변화를 관찰하였다. 주반응 생성물의 수율에 는 거의 영향을 미치지 않으면서 부반응물의 비율이 다소 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand the environmental and ecological function of habitat through evaluation of water environment, soil environment, vegetation characteristics, macro-invertebrate characteristics, and visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) in Hongdong stream located in Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam Province, and hereafter to utilize the results for the habits reconstruction and improvement project. As the results of water quality analysis, BOD, COD, T-P was almost below the standard quality from upper stream to down stream. The construction of small reservoir, wetland and water purification facility, and the management of non-point pollution are proposed to improve these problems. The soil texture was sandy soil, which is unfitted with vegetation development. The construction of shallows and bogs, and induction of soil sedimentation and biotope formation are proposed to improve these problems. In the plant flora, total 90 kinds were observed with 81 species and nine varieties in total 36 families and 85 genera, and the naturalization rate was higher at down area than upper area. As the results of macro-invertebrate fauna survey, total 26 species and 297 individuals in 20 families and 22 genera were collected. Peltodytes sinensis, Chironomidae sp., and Culicidae sp., which are observed at polluted environment, were collected as dominant species. An appropriate vegetation management party idea is necessary, and it is done an idea in consideration of the soil and a physical characteristic. Visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) result was mostly determined with below normal (Fair) grade. Pollution source interception, purification pond establishment, and various bog establishment are proposed to improve these problems. With the above results, the ecological environment was determined with bad condition, and the improvement of biotope was urgently needed through sustainable monitoring and management of streams habitat in rural area.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.903-906
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• 2008

Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz (Lythraceae) is used in the treatment of various ailments in traditional medicines. DPPH activity guided fractionation and purification process was used to identify the free radical-scavenging components from the flowers of this plant. The methanolic extract of the plant was first fractionated into four extracts; namely, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Among them, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most effective and was further subjected to activity guided-fractionation and isolation procedures. After successive column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, gallic acid, which is responsible for the radical scavenging activity, was isolated and its structure was elucidated by spectral methods ($^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR) and by comparison with literature.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2017

Water and wastewater treatment has always been a challenging task due to the continuous increase in amount and the change in characteristics of the poorly biodegradable and highly colored organic matters, as well as harmful micro-organisms. Advanced techniques are therefore required to successfully remove these pollutants from water before reuse or discharge to receiving water bodies. Application of ozone, which is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant, alone or as part of advanced oxidation process depends on the complex kinetic reactions and the mass transfer of ozone involved. Micro- and nano bubbling considerably improves gas dissolution compared to conventional bubbles and hence mass transfer. It can also intensify generation of hydroxyl radical due to collapse of the bubbles, which in turn facilitates oxidation reaction under both alkaline as well as acidic conditions. This review gives the overview of application of micro- and nano bubble ozonation for purification of water and wastewater. The drawbacks of previously considered techniques and the application of the hydrodynamic ozonation to synthetic aqueous solutions and various industrial wastewaters are systematically reviewed.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to reprocess Waste-LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), to widely increase specific surface-area by foaming agent in the process of reprocessing and to use as a substrate of water treatment which is increased the ability of biological treatment, as well as to control non-point source pollutants produced by surface run off during rainfall with using this substrate, and to improve water quality of public watershed as developing substrate for water treatment to be able to purify second treated water which is exhausted at the wastewater treatment plant. The average removal efficiency of Waste-LCD that using the foaming technology was SS 71.2%, BOD 55.7%, COD 58.4%, T-N 29.5% and T-P was 50.3%. Almost Media, early stage showed low removal efficiency of SS and BOD. However, it became high when the microorganism adhered the Media. The variation of SS removal efficiency was high by inflow concentration of SS. The reason for the Media 4 showed high SS removal efficiency is that it has wide specific surface-area, and also it has a pore. All in all, it shows floating matter treatment ability not only inside but it also works outside of the substrate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.549-561
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• 2011

Livestock wastewater is being discharged without treatment from Hasen's pig farm cluster in WangGoong (WG) area into the Iksan Stream, eventually flowing into the ManGyung (MG) at the upstream junction. Although it is well known that before discharge, wastewater must satisfy the pig slurry discharge standards; because of ongoing remodeling, proper treatment is not being performed. According to public records, wastewater from the WG pig farm cluster is responsible for 3.6% of MG River pollution and 2.0% of the SaeManGuem (SMG) Reservoir pollution. As a result, upstream water treatment quality has become primary concern for development of the SMG project. All physicochemical constituents and pathogenic microbes, such as chemical oxygen demand ($COD_{Cr}$), biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella at the effluent of WG Plant (S-1) exceed the effluent standards. This is mainly due to insufficient wastewater treatment: the WG Plant is under renovation to increase water purification efficiency. By comparing the water quality at the S-7 junction, where the the Iksan Stream (pig farms) and the Wanggoong Stream (no pig farms) merge, it is clear that farming facilities and improper treatment can critically affect surrounding water quality. While it is clear throughout this study that the level of all physicochemical parameters and pathogenic microbes along the Stream decreased due to sedimentation, biodegradation and/or dilution. An alarming problem was discovered: the existence of pathogenic microbe count(E coli, Salmonella) in the lagoon wastewater and the stream water. Not only were high concentrations of these pathogens themselves found, but the potential existence of more serious pathogens could rise to more dangerous conditions.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2020

Sand filter is a key unit process for particle removal in water purification treatments. Its long-standing use is due to on-site customized retrofit. Proper selection of filter media is one of the retrofit approaches to improve filter performance. This study described a series of controlled laboratory column tests and examined the effects of media property on filtration and backwash. When sand media of 0.51 mm in effective size was replaced by sand of 0.60 mm, the filter run increased up to 5 times in the given bed depth. The change of media property required an increase of backwash rate by 0.05 m/min to satisfy the requirement of bed expansion, more than 20%. When the anthracite was changed with lower effective size and uniformity coefficient, correlation with sand in the filter bed could be satisfied within the permissible error between media and bulk characteristics. Besides, this selection resulted in a well-stratified configuration of media layers after bed expansion. The column study showed that the correlation of property between the dual media had a significant effect on the filter productivity and backwash interval.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2006

Anthocyanins are water-soluble glycosides and acylglycosides of anthocyanidins, having different color variations due to its substitution patterns. Anthocyanins, present in various fruits, vegetables and crops as natural colorant, have been well characterized for its bioactive properties, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. During extraction and purification, the factors, such as pH, temperature, oxygen, light, enzymes, nucleophilic agents, sugar derivatives and co-pigments, have affected on anthocyanin stability. For this reason, the extraction method should be thoroughly checked for the qualitative/quantitative analysis of anthocyanin in particular plant material. To identify the optimum extraction method of cyanidin-3-glucoside, major anthocyanin of dark purple-colored grains, Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo, Phaselous vulgaris, Phynchosia gngularis, Sesamum indium, Rhynchosia nulubilis and Lablab purpureus, reversed-phase HPLC analysis using solvent system of acetonitrile, methanol and water were accomplished.