• 한국습지학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2021

비점오염물질 및 고농도 가축분뇨는 수계 및 습지 수질 악화의 주요 원인으로 보고되고 있으며, 이를 관리하기 위한 방안으로 저영향개발기술 (Low Impact Development, LID)에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 인공습지는 다양한 오염물질 저감 기작을 기반으로 가축 사육 농업지역 내 비점오염원 관리 방안으로 제시되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전라북도 J시 내 경작지 및 가축 사육 지역을 대상으로 현장 모니터링 및 모델링을 기반으로 인공습지의 적용성 평가를 실시하였다. 연구대상 지역의 강우 시 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC) 농도는 건기 시와 비교하여 BOD 기준 약 27배 이상 높은 것으로 나타나 비점오염원 관리가 시급한 지역으로 나타났다. 모델링 기반의 인공습지 저감 효율은 BOD 57.5%, TN 48.9% 그리고 TP 64.2%를 보였다. 하지만, 다량의 강우유출수가 발생하는 시점과 동절기에는 다소 효율이 감소하는 경향을 보여 해당 시기 인공습지 운영에 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과는 인공습지가 가축 사육 농업지역 내 안정적인 비점오염원 관리가 가능한 대안으로 제안될 수 있는 것을 보여준다.

• 기술사
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.28-35
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• 1985

As the paper industry consumes much water in process and discharge wastewater containing suspended solid and COD(chemical oxygen demand), relevant law against this discharge has been set up to limit the total containment of COD in discharge. This study has been carried out to improve the treatment method for the soluble COD in wastewater produced during the process of paste-board production, which is made of semichemical pulp and waste paper. Applicated methods are, O$_2$AS : O$_2$ activated sludge process DAS : Deep well activated sludge process SAS : standard activated sludge process and proper combination of DAS and SAS 1) As a result of this experiment, we get the following conclusion between in COD sludge loading "X" and COD removable rate in the process of treating waste-water. COD removable rate(％)=(0.778+0.0146/X)${\times}$100(％)……(7) 2) In case that the COD sludge loading is high, it has been cleared out that the COD removable rate shall become low due to unknown unsoluble substances contained in the process. Meanwhile, to increase the efficiency rate of treatment, it is thought to be necessary, to provide long-time contacts with activated sludge. 3) Once the COD of original waste-water and the target COD of treated water are decided, COD sludge loading is obtained from equation(7), and capacity of aeration tank in the effective systems such as O$_2$AS, DAS, to bet the required COD removable rate can be decided. Therefore the choice among SAS, O$_2$AS, DAS methods is made in consideration of required COD removable rate and allowable installation area. 4) In the sedimentation tank with sludge bulking, it is possible to increase the COD removable rate by 3～7％ but still there exist many obstacles to manage this operation.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

The purpose of this study were to evaluate the effect of best management practices (BMPs) of Haean highland agricultural catchment ($62.8km^2$) under future climate change using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Before future evaluation, the SWAT was setup using 3 years (2009~2011) of observed daily streamflow, suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) data at three locations of the catchment. The SWAT was calibrated with average 0.74 Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency for streamflow, and 0.78, 0.63, and 0.79 determination coefficient ($R^2$) for SS, T-N, and T-P respectively. Under the HadGEM-RA RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, the future precipitation and maximum temperature showed maximum increases of 8.3 % and $4.2^{\circ}C$ respectively based on the baseline (1981~2005). The future 2040s and 2080s hydrological components of evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflow showed changes of +3.2~+17.2 %, -0.1~-0.7 %, and -9.1~+8.1 % respectively. The future stream water quality of suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) showed changes of -5.8~+29.0 %, -4.5~+2.3 %, and +3.7~+17.4 % respectively. The future SS showed wide range according to streamflow from minus to plus range. We can infer that this was from the increase of long-term rainfall variability in 2040s less rainfalls and 2080s much rainfalls. However, the results showed that the T-P was the future target to manage stream water quality even in 2040s period.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.162-162
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• 2022

Stormwater management is an essential component of land-use planning and development. Due to the additional challenges posed by climate change and urbanization, various stormwater management schemes have been developed to limit flood damages and ease water quality concerns. Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly used as cost-effective measures to manage stormwater runoff from various land uses. Specifically, constructed wetlands were already considered as socially acceptable green stormwater infrastructures that are widely used in different countries. There is a large collection of published literature regarding the effectiveness or efficiency of constructed wetlands in treating stormwater runoff; however, metadata analyses using bibliographic information are very limited or seldomly explored. This study was conducted to determine the trends of publication regarding stormwater treatment wetlands using a bibliometric analysis approach. Moreover, the research productivity of various countries, authors, and institutions were also identified in the study. The Web of Science (WoS) database was utilized to retrieve bibliographic information. The keywords ("constructed wetland*" OR "treatment wetland*" OR "engineered wetland*" OR "artificial wetland*") AND ("stormwater*" or "storm water*") were used to retrieve pertinent information on stormwater treatment wetlands-related publication from 1990 up to 2021. The network map of keyword co-occurrence map was generated through the VOSviewer software and the contingency matrices were obtained using the Cortext platform (www.cortext.net). The results obtained from this inquiry revealed the areas of research that have been adequately explored by past studies. Furthermore, the extensive collection of published scientific literature enabled the identification of existing knowledge gaps in the field of stormwater treatment wetlands.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2015

점차 스마트그리드 기술이 발전됨에 따라서 에너지의 효율성에 이목이 집중되고 있다. 그래서 스마트그리드를 구성하고 있는 마이크로그리드 내의 에너지를 독립적으로 관리하기 위해서는 신재생에너지에 대한 연구를 필요로 한다. 그중에서도 소수력 에너지는 마이크로그리드내의 사용자가 사용하는 물의 양에 따라서 그 어디에도 설치 할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 사용자들이 주거하는 아파트, 공동주택에서 사용하고 있는 하수량을 기반으로 전기 발전량과 발전기의 가동률을 측정하여 측정값이 소수력 발전에 적합한지 알아본다. 적합한 아파트, 공동주택에서는 위치에너지를 활용하여 발생한 하수를 소수력 발전기로 전기를 생산 한다. 마이크로그리드의 에너지 관리 시스템과 전기 저장 장치를 도입하여 보다 효율적인 관리를 제안하고자 한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2012

Sediment load deposited in sewers and manholes reduces not only the capacity of pipes but also the efficiency of the whole sewer system. This causes the inundations of the low places and overflows at manholes, Moreover, sulfides and bad odor can occur due to deposited sediment with organic loads in manholes. Movements of sediment load in manholes are complicated depending on manhole size, location, inside structure, sediment load type, and time. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the movements of sediment load in manholes by experiments. In this study, experiments were implemented by a square manhole with straight path to measure deposited sedimentation quantity. The experimental apparatus was consisted of a high water tank, an upstream tank, test pipes, a sediment supplier, a manhole, and a downstream tank to measure the experimental discharge. The quantity of deposited sediment load was measured by different conditions, such as the inflow condition of sediment(continuous and certain period), the amount of inflow sediment, discharge, and the type of sediment. Jumoonjin sand(S=2.63, D50=0.55mm), general sand(GS, S=2.65, D50=1.83mm) and anthracite (S=1.45, D50=0.80mm) were employed for the experiment. The velocities in inflow pipe were 0.45 m/s, 0.67 m/s, and 0.9 m/s. Sediment load movement and sedimentation quantity in manhole were influenced by many factors such as velocity, shear stress, viscosity, amount of sediment, sediment size, and specific gravity. Suggested regression equations can estimated the quantity of deposited sediment in the straight path square manholes. The connoted equations that were evaluated through the experimental study have velocity range from 0.45 to 0.9m/sec. The study results illustrates that appropriation of design velocity ragne between 1.0 and 2.0m/sec could implement to maintain and manage manholes.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2012

지표수에 비해 지하수 자원은 비교적 오염률이 낮은 편이지만 관리의 미흡으로 인한 복구의 어려움이 매우 크다. 국가에서는 지하수 보조관측망을 이용하여 지하수 자원을 효율적으로 관리 및 모니터링한다. 본 논문에서는 지하수 자원 관리의 업무 효율성 증대와 실시간 모니터링을 위해 수온, 수위, 전기전도도(E.C.) 등의 무선 센서 노드와 GPS(Global Positioning System)가 내장된 이동식 보조관측망 프로토타입 시스템과 지하수 정보 사용자 GUI(Graphic User Interface)로 이루어진 GeoSensor 기반의 지하수 무선 자동측정시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 자체 전력을 위해 태양광을 이용하고 있으며, 무선 센서 노드로부터 수집된 다양한 지하수 정보는 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) 모듈을 이용하여 무선 송수신한다. 아울러 사용자의 편의성을 도모하기 위해 사용자 GUI는 GIS(Geographic Information System) 맵에 수집된 지하수 정보를 가시화 한다. 제안한 시스템의 성능평가를 위해 제작된 보조관측망을 통해 수집된 센싱 정보를 이용하여 수행하였으며, 타 연구와의 정성평가를 제안하는 시스템의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2017

This study developed the prototype of the system and implemented its main functions, which is the intelligent integrated agricultural water management information system and service (IaWAMISS). The developed system was designed to be able to collect, process and analyze the agricultural water information of spatially dispersed reservoirs in whole country and spatial geographic information distributed in various systems of other organizations. The system, IaWAMISS, is also possible to provide the reproduced information services in each reservoir and space units, such as agricultural water demand and supply analysis and drought prediction, to the people, experts, and policy makers. This study defined the 6 step modules to develop the system, which are to design the components of intelligent integrated information system, to derive the utilization contents of existing systems, to design the new development elements for IaWAMISS, to design the reservoir information system can be used by managers of city and county, to designate the monitoring reservoirs managed by city and county, and finally to prepare the sharing system between organizations with the existing information systems. In order to implement the prototype of the system, this study shows the results for three important functions of the system: spatial integration of reservoirs' information, data link integration between the existing systems, and intelligent analysis program development to assist decision support for agricultural water management. For the spatial integration with the reservoir water information of the Korea Rural Community Corporation, this study get IaWAMISS to receive the real-time reservoir storage information from the measurement facility installed in the municipal management reservoir. The data link integration connecting databases of the existing systems, was implemented by integrating the meteorological information of the Korea Meteorological Administration with IaWAMISS, so that the rainfall forecast data could be derived and used. For the implementation of the intelligent analysis program, this study also showed the results of analysis and prediction of agricultural water demand and supply amount, estimation of Palmer drought index, analysis of flood risk area in typhoon course region, and analysis of the storage status of reservoirs related to each storm. This study confirmed the possibility and efficiency of an useful system development through the prototype design and implementation of IaWAMISS. By solving the preliminary 6 step modules presented in this study, it is possible not only to efficiently manage water by spatial unit, but also to provide the service of information and to enhance the relevant policy and national understanding to the people.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.260-260
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• 2011

SWAT is semi-distributed and continuous-time distributed simulation watershed model, which can simulate point and nonpoint source pollutants as well as hydrology and water quality. It was developed to predict the effects of alternative management decisions on water, sediment, and chemical yields with reasonable accuracy. It is able to predict and manage hydrology, sediments, nutrients, and pesticides with Best Management Practices (BMPs) in a watershed. SWAT model also has potential for use in ungauged basins to predict streamflow and baseflow from saturated source area in watersheds. According to various cultivation practices and climate change, SWAT model is available to analyze relative change in hydrology and water quality. In order to establish optimum management of water quality, both monitering and modeling have been conducted actively using SWAT model. As SWAT model is computer program to simulate a lot of natural phenomena, it has limitation to predict and reflect them with on hundred percent accuracy. Thus, it is possible to analyze the effect of BMPs in the watershed where users want to simulate hydrology and water quality only if model accuracy and applicability are assessed first of all and the result of it is well for the study watershed. For assessment of SWAT applicability, most researchers have used $R^2$ and Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). $R^2$ and NSE are likely to show different results according to a warm up period and sometimes its results are very different. There have been hardly any studies of whether warm up period can affect simulation results in SWAT model. In this study, how warm up period has a effect on SWAT results was analyzed and a appropriate warm up period was suggested. Lots of SWAT results were compared after using measured data of Soyanggang-dam watershed and applying various warm up period (0 ~ 10 year(s)). As a result of this study, when there was no warm up period, $R^2$ and NSE were 0.645, 0.602 respectively, when warm up period was 2 years, $R^2$ and NSE were 0.648, 0.632, and when warm up period was 4 years, $R^2$ and NSE were 0.663, 0.652 separately. Through this study, sensitive analysis of warm up period in SWAT model was conducted, and this study could give a guideline able to simulate hydrology and water quality for more accuracy than before as users change a lot of warm up periods as well as any simulation parameters.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

비점오염은 수계에 악영향을 끼치며 그 영향은 점차 커지고 있다. 이러한 비점오염을 관리하기 위해 정부에서는 LID(Low Impact Development) 시설의 연구와 다양한 효율평가를 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 LID 시설 중 실제 설치된 투수 블록 시설의 강우 유출 억제를 위한 유출 저감율, 저류 강우량 분석 및 유출 지연시간 그리고 최대 유입 및 유출의 저감율을 분석했으며, 그 결과를 각 시설 간 비교했다. 불투수블록, 필터형 투수블록, 틈새형 투수블록 순서대로 분석 결과 저감 효율이 높게 나타났으며, 이를 통해 강우강도-유출지연시간간의 관계를 나타낸 그래프를 제시하였다. 이 그래프를 통해 앞으로 설계 시, 본 시설과 유사한 투수블록 시설의 재현 기간에 따른 시설 용량 선정 등의 설계에 도움을 줄 수 있으리라 생각한다.