This study was to determine the characteristics of vapor-permeable waterproof finished fabric by the coating method. 4 different kinds of coating fabrics (A : wet, porous, polyurethane, B : dry, no porous, polyurethane, C : shape memory polyurethane and D : dry, porous polyurethane) were used, which were developed recently With this sample, moisture transport rate ($40^{\circ}C$, 45%RH & $40^{\circ}C$, 95%RH), changes of coating side's shape by washing times, water repellency rate, contracted length, qmax, heat conductivity, heat keeping rate, heat keeping rate with cotton, heat keeping rate on humidity temperature and humidity within clothing etc. were checked. And it was done in a climate chamber under $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $65{\pm}5%RH$. The results of this study were as follow; In the moisture vapor transmission of sample B and C increased on high temperature and high humidity while sample A and D decreased, on this condition. Qmax rate had high relation with ground fabric's surface properties and the order was A>C>D>B. Heat conductivity had high relation with thickness and surface properties. Heat keeping rates on sweat condition showed around half percents of heat keeping rates on normal condition, but had no relation with moisture vapor transport rate. Changes of the fabric's properties by washing times were different in accordance with the construction of fabrics and the coating resin. Sample C had tow heat keeping rate on the high temperature and humidity and high heat keeping rate on the low temperature and humidity Moisture transport rate of vapor-permeable waterproof finished fabrics had high relation with the properties of ground fabrics on low humidity condition, but on the high humidity condition, it was highly related with the properties of coating resin.
This study conducted a questionnaire survey on the real condition of clothing with focus on related to general motorcycle wear and motorcycle jacket targeting a quick service carrier affiliated with a quick service business in Seoul. In addition, this study is aimed at providing basic data on developing the motorcycle jacket, whose motional flexibility, safety and functionality are excellent, exclusively for a quick service carrier by grasping inconveniences and problems and deducting improvements on the basis of the questionnaire survey. This study, on the basis of the questionnaire survey results, grasped the general part related to quick service and motorcycle wear, such as their general matters, whether they were having on the motorcycle wear in the middle of doing business, whether it's necessary to wear the motorcycle wear, where they had a driving accident, and kinds of external injuries, etc. From the gathered results of analysis of the collected questionnaires, the item which got the lowest satisfaction was the inconvenience from the chafed front neck when driving. Besides, the results showed carriers' complaints like the elbow part felt tight, discomfort in the horizontal movement of the shoulders or back, and wind admission in between zippers. In addition, the respondents showed complaints in the item about hygroscopic property and air permeability at the armpits and back part, and 5 items about material flexibility, wind shielding property, living water repellency, weighty sensation, and night visibility were found to be low in respondents' satisfaction.
Accidental oil and gas leak is a critical concern for the offshore industry because it can lead to severe consequences and as a result, it is imperative to evaluate the probabilities of occurrence of the consequences of the leakage in order to assess the risk. Event Tree Analysis (ETA) is a technique to identify the consequences that can result from the occurrence of a hazardous event. The probability of occurrence of the consequences is evaluated by the ETA, based on the failure probabilities of the sequential events. Conventional ETA deals with events with crisp failure probabilities. In offshore applications, it is often difficult to arrive at a single probability measure due to lack of data or imprecision in data. In such a scenario, fuzzy set theory can be applied to handle imprecision and data uncertainty. This paper presents fuzzy ETA (FETA) methodology to compute the probability of the outcomes initiated due to oil/gas leak in an actual offshore-onshore installation. Post FETA, sensitivity analysis by Fuzzy Weighted Index (FWI) method is performed to find the event that has the maximum contribution to the severe sequences. It is found that events of 'ignition', spreading of fire to 'equipment' and 'other areas' are the highest contributors to the severe consequences, followed by failure of 'leak detection' and 'fire detection' and 'fire water not being effective'. It is also found that the frequency of severe consequences that are catastrophic in nature obtained by ETA is one order less than that obtained by FETA, thereby implying that in ETA, the uncertainty does not propagate through the event tree. The ranking of severe sequences based on their probability, however, are identical in both ETA and FETA.
Background: The biological actions of various ginseng extracts have been studied for treating obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of fermented Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) on metabolic syndrome. The present study evaluated the antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of fermented red ginseng (FRG) on old-aged, obese, leptin-deficient (B6.V-Lepob, "ob/ob") mice. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups and given water containing 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% FRG for 16 wk. The effect of FRG on ob/ob mice was determined by measuring changes in body weight, levels of blood glucose, serum contents of triglycerides, total cholesterol and free fatty acids, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of key factors associated with insulin action, such as insulin receptor (IR), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose transporter 1 and 4 (GLUT1 and GLUT4), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR-{\gamma}$), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver and in muscle, and histology of the liver and pancreas. Results: FRG-treated mice had decreased body weight and blood glucose levels compared with control ob/ob mice. However, anti-obesity effect of FRG was not evident rather than hypoglycemic effect in old aged ob/ob mice. The hyperlipidemia in control group was attenuated in FRG-treated ob/ob mice. The mRNA expressions of IR, LPL, GLUT1, GLUT4, $PPAR-{\gamma}$, and PEPCK in the liver and in muscle were increased in the FRG-treated groups compared with the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that FRG may play a vital role in improving insulin sensitivity relative to reducing body weight in old-aged ob/ob mice.
The purpose of this study was to propose HACCP system implementation properly and to secure the food safety of school foodservices in Pohang city since the proper facilities and equipment should be key factors in food safety and production. So this study was designed to evaluate existing equipment in food production area, receiving and dining area, and employee facilities. Questionnaire was mailed to 107 school foodservice dietitians in Pohang area and 97 were responded (90.7% response rate). Approximately sixty percent of foodservices were not available separate receiving or polluted area, fifty one percent were installed screen door for insecticidal and temperature and humidity control, and these environmental conditions were hard to keep kitchen dry and sanitary condition. Usually public schools were better equipped than private schools. Forty three percent of school foodservice had initial use of non-foodservice, opened before 1994, and thirty three percent of elementary school foodservice. Among employee facilities, hand washing sanitation stand was prepared seventy nine percent (78.9%) of school foodservices. Dietitians chose outworn equipment and facilities (30.9%), difficulties of maintaining standard temperature and humidity for foodservice (20.6%), lacking separate receiving or polluted area (13.4%), indirect contamination of water hoss (10.3%), and lacking employee facilities (10.3%) as critical points to correct in school foodservice. Therefore governmental regulating agencies must review and approval of plans prior to new construction or extensive remodeling of school foodservice facilities. In addition to these requirement, plan must be set-up step by step to implement HACCP system properly.
The purpose of this research was to provide basic information for cookies made with black soybeans, chick peas, lentils, oatmeal, and brewer's yeast and to establish the optimum formula for the development of low glycemic index (GI) cookies with high biotin content for lactating women. This study was performed to determine the optimal composite recipe of oatmeal cookies with two different concentrations levels of bean powder (black soybeans, chick peas, lentils) and brewer's yeast using a central composite design. In addition, the mixing conditions of oatmeal cookies were optimized using response surface methodology of sensory evaluation and mechanical and physicochemical analysis. As a result, mechanical and physicochemical analyses showed significant values for lightness, redness, yellowness, hardness, and water content (P<0.05), while sensory evaluation showed significant values for flavor, taste, crispness, and overall acceptability (P<0.05). The optimal sensory combination was suggested to be 3.73 g of bean powder and 1.59 g of brewer's yeast. Considering all outcomes obtained throughout the experiments, brewer's yeast, black soybeans, chick peas, lentils, and oatmeal are suitable ingredients for increasing functionality and consumer acceptability of cookies. In addition, these results are expected to be useful in producing cookies of optimal quality, contributing to the development of various nutritious foods, and improving the food industry for lactating women.
Printing process generates a vast amount of toxical waste and wastewater by the development of printing and publishing industry. The regulations for various environmental pollution material, which were indispensably used in printing industries, were getting stronger. The printing industries should develop the cleaner technologies in order to avoid the regulations. In this paper, the separation characteristics of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis were surveyed to make basic data for the optimization of process as cleaner technologies for printing industries. The $2kg/cm^2$ of operation pressure were suitable to the U/F System. Because of the permeate of U/F was below 3 NTU as turbidity, which was probed to be possible using the rinsing water in printing process. U/F System,
Recently, anti-fouling paints which does not include the poison components such as tin(Sn), copper(Cu) have been increasingly developed in order to inhibit the environmental contamination of the sea water. Moreover, the wear ratios of these anti-fouling paints are very important problem to prolong their life time in economical point of view. In this study, five types of anti-fouling paints as self polishing type were investigated on the relationship between their polarization characteristics and wear ratios. It was verified that there was apparently a good relationship between the wear ratio and polarization characteristics, for example, the wear ratio increased with increasing the impedance ratio, and increased or decreased with the corrosion potential shifting in the negative or positive direction respectively. In addition, the wear ratio decreased with decreasing the corrosion current density. Consequently, it is suggested that we can qualitatively expect the wear ratio by only measuring the polarization characteristics. Therefore, before the examination of the wear ratio was actually carried out in the field, the evaluation of polarization property in the laboratory may give a available reference data for their developments.
Nanofabrication is an essential process throughout industry. Technologies that produce general nanofabrication, such as e-beam lithography, dip-pen lithography, DUV lithography, immersion lithography, and laser interference lithography, have drawbacks including complicated processes, low throughput, and high costs, whereas nano-transfer printing (nTP) is inexpensive, simple, and can produce patterns on non-plane substrates and multilayer structures. In general nTP, the coherency of gold-deposited stamps is strengthened by using SAM treatment on substrates, so the gold patterns are transferred from stamps to substrates. However, it is hard to apply to transfer other metallic materials, and the existing nTP process requires a complicated surface treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the nTP technology to obtain an easy and simple method for fabricating metal patterns. In this paper, asnTP process with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) mold was proposed without any chemical treatment. At first, a PVA mold was duplicated from the master mold. Then, a Mo layer, with a thickness of 20 nm, was deposited on the PVA mold. The Mo deposited PVA mold was put on the Si wafer substrate, and nTP process progressed. After the nTP process, the PVA mold was removed using DI water, and transferred Mo nano patterns were characterized by a Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
Kim, Yeon-Sik;Choi, Ki-Yong;Cho, Seok;Park, Hyun-Sik;Kang, Kyoung-Ho;Song, Chul-Hwa;Baek, Won-Pil
Nuclear Engineering and Technology
/
v.45
no.7
/
pp.871-894
/
2013
KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has been operating an integral effect test facility, the Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS), for transient and accident simulations of advanced pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Using ATLAS, a high-quality integral effect test database has been established for major design basis accidents of the APR1400 plant. A Domestic Standard Problem (DSP) exercise using the ATLAS database was promoted to transfer the database to domestic nuclear industries and contribute to improving a safety analysis methodology for PWRs. This $2^{nd}$ ATLAS DSP (DSP-02) exercise aims at an effective utilization of an integral effect database obtained from ATLAS, the establishment of a cooperation framework among the domestic nuclear industry, a better understanding of the thermal hydraulic phenomena, and an investigation into the possible limitation of the existing best-estimate safety analysis codes. A small break loss of coolant accident with a 6-inch break at the cold leg was determined as a target scenario by considering its technical importance and by incorporating interests from participants. This DSP exercise was performed in an open calculation environment where the integral effect test data was open to participants prior to the code calculations. This paper includes major information of the DSP-02 exercise as well as comparison results between the calculations and the experimental data.
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