• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.213-225
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• 2000

Sophorolipids were biosynthesized using a strain of yeast, Torulopsis bombicola ATCC22214. It has been reported that this yeast gives the highest yields for the production of biosurfactant sophorolipids. Hence, this yeast was used in this study. One of the objectives of this study is to increase the yield of the sophorolipid synthesis. To meet this end, basic culture medium was formulated on the basis of literature research to-date. When this medium was used, the increase in yield from 15% to 150% was observed compared to using the media in the literature. To examine how the interfacial characteristics of sophorolipids change with substrate, glucose (the first carbon source) was maintained in the media and after being cultured for three days, the second carbon sources such as alkanes, vegetable oils, alcohols or organic acids were added. The whole broth was extracted twice with ethyl acetate and the extract was analyzed by thin layer chromatograhy(TLC). After qualitative analyses by TLC, surface tensions of sophorolipids were measured by the Wilhelmy plate method and critical micelle concentration(CMC) was determined using these surface tension data. Also, interfacial tensions were measured by the spinning drop method and emulsions of the three-component water/decane/sophorolipid system were tested. Sophorolipids were effective and efficient in terms of surface tension reduction and CMC, but they were ineffective as emulsifiers because emulsions were separated within 30 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.705-714
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• 2010

The residual oil concentrations in seawater and sediments were investigated along the Taean coast of Korea, following the Hebei Spirit oil spill, which occurred on 7 December 2007. The oil concentration in seawater ranged from 0.059 to $0.866\;{\mu}g/L$ for the tidal flat culture grounds and from 0.016 to $0.943\;{\mu}g/L$ in the fish cage areas in 2008. These were dominated by the seawater temperature relationship. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments were also analyzed and the concentrations ranged from 3.4 to 509.7 ng/g dry weight. The average PAH level was higher in seawater from the Sinduri area than the Padori area, while the average PAH level in sediments was higher in Padori. The diagnostic ratio of PAHs was investigated to determine the origins of the PAHs. The PAHs in the Seongam area, which was not affected by the oil spill, are of pyrolytic origin, while the PAHs in Padori and Sinduri were of petrogenic origin. The residual oils in the areas affected by the oil spill tended to decrease over time, except in summer. The oils in pore water remained 6- to 16-fold higher, as compared to the seawater overlying the tidal flat, implying that residual oils will continue to influence the affected region for the foreseeable future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2002

Benzoyl peroxide is a High Production Volume Chemical, which is produced about 1,375 tons/year in Korea as of 2001 survey. The substance is mainly used as initiators in polymerization, catalysts in the plastics industry, bleaching agents for flour and medication for acne vulgaris. The substance is one of seven chemicals of which human health and environmental risks are being assessed by National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) under the frame of OECD SIDS Program. In this study, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) is used for getting adequate information on the physical-chemical property and the environmental fate of this chemical. For the assessment of benzoyl peroxide, models such as MPBPWIN for vapor pressure, KOWWIN for octanol/water partition coefficient, HENRYWIN for Henry's Law constant, AOPWIN for photolysis and BCFWN for bioconcentration factor (BCF) were used. These (Q)SAR model programmes were worked by using the SHILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) notations. The physical-chemical properties and the environmental fate of benzoyl peroxide were estimated as followed : vapor pressure =0.00929 Pa, Log Kow = 3.43, Henry's Law constant = 0.00000354 atm-㎥/mole at 25 $^{\circ}C$, the half-life of photodegradation = 3 days, bioconcentration factor (BCF) = 92

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 1981

Microorganisms from the waste water of starch industry, were isolated and a strain, Y-124, possessing a powerful enzymic activity was selected and identified as a member of the genus Bacillus. The ideal cultural condition for the formation of $\alpha$-amylase form Bacillus Y-124 and its preservation was investigated in connection with the biotechnological and industrial approach to the bulk enzyme production. High yield of $\alpha$-amylase was observed in medium containing casein as well as calcium pantothenate in this work. Calcium ions were found to have an effect in forming this particular enzyme. Ammonium phosphate dibasic was an important inorganic nitrogen source for the formation of $\alpha$-amylase. And preservation of this enzyme was greatly affected by calcium or sodium salts. The addition of calcium carbonate or sodium sulfate presented the most effective result for the prevention of its denaturation to various factors. The above data was obtained with crude enzyme preparation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.331-338
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of noni (Morinda citrifolia) powder on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of ground pork meat. Four samples of ground pork meat were prepared as follow: CON without noni powder, NP0.5 with 0.5% noni powder, NP1.0 with 1.0% noni powder, and NP1.5 with 1.5% noni powder. The moisture content of CON was the highest (p<0.05). The ash, fiber, fat retention, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, lightness, and yellowness increased with the addition of the noni powder (p<0.05). The protein, fat, water holding capacity, cooking yield, moisture retention, springiness,and redness of the cooked meat were not significantly different among the samples. The pH of CON was the highest among the samples (p<0.05). The TBARS of CON, NP0.5, NP1.0, and NP1.5 were 0.48, 0.41, 0.36 and 0.34 mg/kg, respectively, and the NP1.5 was the lowest (p<0.05). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of CON, NP0.5, NP1.0, and NP1.5 were 10.4%, 20.8%, 34.6% and 45.3%, respectively, and the NP1.5 was the highest (p<0.05). Consequently, these results support the possible use of noni powder for meat product industry, as addition of noni powder enhances the antioxidant activities of ground pork meat.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.599-603
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• 2013

Tarak is our own traditional fermented milk made through lactic acid fermentation by using makgeolli as inoculum for milk or using already made tarak as inoculum but it is hardly known to people as its related studies are also insufficient. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to manufacture jelly by using tarak and analyze its quality characteristics for the diversification of consumption promotion and demand of traditional fermented milk tarak. Tarak jelly that was made according to the percentage of adding tarak showed a tendency that the content of crue protein, crude fat and crude ash except for moisture water meaningfully increased as the amount of tarak added increased (P<0.05). In the case of pH, it declines as the amount of tarak added was high. The chromaticity measurement result of tarak jelly was 54.32 in the case of control group for L, and it increased as the amount of tarak added increased. In the case of a, it decreased as tarak was added, whereas b meaningfully increased. There was meaningful difference between samples in the case of chewiness, fracturability and adhesiveness (p<0.05). The sensory test result showed that there was meaningful difference between samples in their appearance and taste but there was no meaningful difference in the case of overall preference, scent and texture.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of extracts from garlic on the formation of nitrosamine, nitrosomorphorine, the nitrite scavenging ability and the antioxidant activity. The extracts from garlic made the nitrite scavenging ability higher at low pH than at high pH. Especially ethanol extracts from garlic resulted in 89.6% of nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2. They were also more effective in the electron donating and antioxidant abilities than water extracts in expressing as the reduction of ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$(DPPH) and peroxide value(POV), respectively. Inhibitory effect of nitrosamine formation by ethanol extract from garlic was excellently more than 80% at pH 1.2 and 3.0, but only 29.9% at pH 6.0. This meant that the inhibition of nitrosamine formation is pH dependent.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2011

The average life expectancy has continuously increased with the development of medical industry. As women get older, they experience the deficit of estrogen caused by decreased function of ovarian. Specifically, they suffer from temporary fever because of unstable vasomotion and, in the long term experience, degeneration of urogenital organs, tooth loss, arteriosclerosis, demantia, snores and so on. Because of these symptoms the estrogen medical supply is getting required. Along with this, many studies have conducted to find out substitutional medicals without any side effects. This research was carried out to find out such substitutable materials. For the purpose of study, we examined the change of estrogen using the rats fed with the pupa powder immediately before the eclosion, eclosed adult, the pupa extract immediately before the eclosion, and the silkworm powder prepared at $3^{rd}$ day of $5^{th}$ instar. The result showed no significant chance in weight, feeding and water intake quantity among variables. However, the estrogen hormone secretion effects was very high at 73 pg/ml in the rats fed with the freeze-dried powder of the Yeonnokjam male pupa prepared immediately before the eclosion, compared with the control at 59 pg/ml. The next was Yangwonjam male adult at 71 pg/ml.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

This study was designed to assess diet and health-related factors of older adults in Korea. Subjects females were 2,660 adults aged 50 and over living in Korea. Males were 847 persons and were 1813 persons. The mean weight and height for males and females were 63.8 $\pm$ 0.3kg / 164.0 $\pm$ 0.2cm and 57.0 $\pm$ 0.2kg /150.6 $\pm$ 0.1cm respectively. BMI (body mass index), body fat, and percent fat were significantly greater in females than in males. The muscle mass and body water were significantly greater in males than in females. Twenty-one percent of total subjects lived alone and 26% with spouse only. Most of the subject's self-reported income was in middle level (65%) or low level (24%). Proportion of subjects who answered 'very poor' or 'poor' on perceived health status was higher in older group. The 50-64 years old group was facing more stress than 65yr and over group. Among male subjects,38.4% were current-smokers and 22.0% were ex-smokers. But only 6.5% of female subjects were current-smokers. Males turned out to have better dietary habits-meal frequency per day, mealtime regularity, regular meal size and balanced eating-than females (p < 0.001). This study revealed that the diet and health-related factors affect nutritional status and chronic diseases of the elderly. For better management and evaluation of health status of the elderly, more effective nutritional assessment tools should be developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.198-198
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• 2011

Organocatalysis is a relatively new and popular area within the field of chiral molecule synthesis. It is one of the main branches of enantioselective synthesis with enzymatic and organometallic catalysis. In recent years, immense high quality studies on catalysis by chiral secondary amines were reported. These progresses instantly led to different organocatalytic activation concepts, so thousands of researchers from academia and the chemical industry are currently involved in this field and new ideas, new approaches, and creative thinking have been rapidly emerged. Organocatalysts, some of which are natural products, appear to solve the problems of metal catalysts. Compared to metal-based catalysis, they have many advantages including savings in cost, time, and energy, easier experimental procedure, and reduction of chemical waste. These benefits originate from the following factors. First, organocatalysts are generally stable in oxygen and water in the atmosphere, there is no need for special equipments or experimental techniques to operate under anhydrous or anaerobic conditions. Second, organic reagents are naturally available from biological materials as single enantiomers that they are easy and cheap to prepare which makes them suitable for small-scale to industrial-scale reactions. Third, in terms of safety related catalysis, small organic molecules are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop novel synthetic methods and design for various organocatalyst. Furthermore, it is expected that these organocatalysts can be applied to a variety of asymmetric reactions and study the transition state of these reactions using a metal sulface. Here, we report the synthesis of unprecedented organocatalysts, proline and pyrrolidine derivatives with quaternary carbon center.