• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2003

The emulsion stability of cosmetic creams based on the water-in-oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing water, squalane oil and cetyl dimethicone copolyol was investigated with various compositional changes, such as electrolyte concentration, oil polarity and water phase volume fraction. The rheological consistency was mainly destroyed by the coalescence of the deformed water droplets. The slope change of complex modulus versus water phase volume fraction monitored in the linear viscoelastic region could be explained with the resistance to coalescence of the deformed interfacial film of water droplets in concentrated W/O emulsions: the greater the increase of complex modulus was, the more the coalescence occurred and the less consistent the emulsions were. Emulsion stability was dependent on the addition of electrolyte to the water phase. Increasing the electrolyte concentration increased the refractive index of the water phase, and thus decreased the refractive index difference between oil and water phases. This decreased the attractive force between water droplets, which resulted in reducing the coalescence of droplets and increasing the stability of emulsions. Increasing the oil polarity tended to increase emulsion consistency, but did not show clear difference in cream hardness among the emulsions.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.249-253
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• 2015

Microorganisms specifically groups of bacteria exhibiting physiological activities of production of acids are a major cause of concern because of their ability to induce corrosion in oil field pipelines and metal systems involved in water handling. Water Injection Stations as a means of secondary recovery from existing oil producing reservoirs, are often employed in most upstream oil and gas industries to ensure replenishment of voidage, maintenance of reservoir pressure and optimization of crude emulsion throughput. In the present study, scanning electron microscopy of macroscopic orange coloured slime formations sampled from leaking valves on the flow-lines of a Water Injection Stations of Oil India Limited revealed the presence of filamentous bacterial mats in association with diatoms. The species composition of the acidic slime formations from the sampled locations reveal the possible role of acid producing iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB) like Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in association with Gomphonema sp. in creating conditions for bio-corrosion.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

A study on the new active circulation type oil-water separation system including buoyancy type guidance system was carried out in this paper. Newly developed oil-water separation system is composed of several oil separation steps. In the beginning of these steps, buoy type separation system would be used. Buoy type oil guiding system was developed based on the difference of density of water and oil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.601-607
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• 2024

The discharge of oily wastewater into water bodies and soil poses a serious hazard to the environment and public health. Various conventional techniques have been employed to treat oil-water mixtures and emulsions; Unfortunately, these approaches are frequently expensive, time-consuming, and unsatisfactory outcomes. Porous materials and adsorbents are commonly used for purification, but their use is limited by low separation efficiencies and the risk of secondary contamination. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have driven the development of innovative materials and technologies for oil-contaminated wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials can offer enhanced oil-water separation properties due to their high surface area and tunable surface chemistry. The fabrication of nanofiber membranes with precise pore sizes and surface properties can further improve separation efficiency. Notably, novel technologies have emerged utilizing nanomaterials with special surface wetting properties, such as superhydrophobicity, to selectively separate oil from oil-water mixtures or emulsions. These special wetting surfaces are promising for high-efficiency oil separation in emulsions and allow the use of materials with relatively large pores, enhancing throughput and separation efficiency. In this study, we introduce a facile and scalable method for fabrication of superhydrophobic-superoleophilic felt fabrics for oil/water mixture and emulsion separation. AlN nanopowders are hydrolyzed to create the desired microstructures, which firmly adhere to the fabric surface without the need for a binder resin, enabling specialized wetting properties. This approach is applicable regardless of the material's size and shape, enabling efficient separation of oil and water from oil-water mixtures and emulsions. The oil-water separation materials proposed in this study exhibit low cost, high scalability, and efficiency, demonstrating their potential for broad industrial applications.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 1997

The effects of water-and oil-repellent finishes on the surface characteristics of polyester fabrics were investigated in this study. Three kinds of fluoropolyment were selected as water=and oil-repellent finishing agents. The effects of water-and oil-repellent finishes were determined by the water repellency and oil repellency. The surface properties of untreated and treated polyester fabrics were evaluated with respects to crease resistance, contact angle and wicking time. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The polyester fabrics treated with fluoropolymers showed much higher water repellency and oil repellency than those of untreated polyester fabrics. Water-and oil-repellency of fabrics were increased with the crystallinity and the hydrophobic-hydrophillic components of fluoropolymers. 2. Water repellency of fabrics treated with fluoropolymer with hydrophobic components was the highest. Oil repellency of fabrics treated with fluoropolymer with high crystallinity was the highest. Water-and oil-repellency of fabrics treated with fluoropolymer with hydrophyllic components was low comparatively. 3. The crease resistance of polyester fabrics treated with fluoropolymer nearly approached to that of untreated polyester fabric. 4. The water-and oil-repellent finishes improved contact angle markedly. Especially the contact angle of ployester fabric treated with fluropolymer with hydrophobic component was the biggest. 5. The wicking time of polyester fabric treated with fluropolymer with hydrophobic component was the longest.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.440-447
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• 2000

It's a tendency to strengthen related international laws as the importance on marine oil pollution recently becomes the issue. According to the regulation of IMO, oil discharge from ships is allowed under 15 ppm only and oil filtering equipment is essential. However, for large ships using heavy fuel oil of over S.G 0.98 and viscosity 380 cSt and system oil, it has been in difficulty to process with existing filtering type of oily water separator. Oily water pre-separator of laminated plate type which is one of gravity type separator has very simple structure and it also makes easier to maintain and repair. In another words, it fits well to process large amount of rich oil with high specific gravity. In this paper, oily water pre-separator of laminated plate type has been studied. The function of emulsified oil and 4 different types of oil have been analyzed and each character has been investigated and proved by experiments. As the result of it, the efficiency of separating oil water has been advanced by 10% in case equipped with pre-separator. In addition, the higher temperature is and the more laminated plate has, it turns out to be getting more effect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.185-189
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• 2001

A study on the new active circulation type oil-water separation system including buoyancy type guidance system was carried out in this paper. Oil-water separation system is composed of several oil separation steps. Buoy type oil guiding system was developed based on the difference of buoyance of water and oil. The design speed of this vessel is 25 knots.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.365-374
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• 2001

Its a tendency to strengthen related international was as the importance on marine oil pollution recently becomes the issue. According to the regulation of IMO, oil discharge from ships is allowed under 15PPM only and oil filtering equipment is essential. Oily water separator of laminated plate type which is one of gravity type separator can be use as assistant equipment for the oil filtering system to meet the present IMO standard, because it fits well to process large amount of rich oil with high specific gravity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate an efficiency of oil/water separation with the characteristics of laminated plate arrangement. The analyse of oil contents for oil-water mixture were carried out in order to find an efficiency of oil/water separation and an experimental study was simultaneously carried out to investigate internal flow characteristics of separator by visualization method and PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) measurement at three spaces of plates for 5, 10 and 15 mm with variation of inlet flow rates of $0.25m^3$/h and $0.5m^3$/h. The experimental results showed that the space of the plates acts a significant role in the separating process.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

The FDS-HCIB method is expanded to simulate water-oil-air flows around oil booms under relative motion, which is intended to increase the thickness of contained oil. The FDS scheme captures discontinuity in the density field and abrupt change of the tangential velocity across an interface without smearing. The HCIB method handles relative motions of thin oil booms with ease. To validate the developed FDS-HCIB code for water-oil-air flow around a moving body, the computed results are compared with the reported experimental results on the shape, length, and thickness of the oil slicks under towing. It is observed that the increase in pressure field between two barriers lifts the oil slick and the interfacial wave propagates and reflects as one barrier gets closer to the other barrier.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2009

Phase equilibrium and dynamic behavior studies were performed in systems containing $C_{12}E_5$ nonionic surfactant solution and nonpolar hydrocarbon oil. The phase behavior result showed an oil-in-water(O/W) microemulsion(${\mu}E$) in equilibrium with excess oil phase at low temperatures and a water-in-oil(W/O) ${\mu}E$ in equilibrium with excess water phase at high temperatures. For intermediate temperatures a 3 phase region containing excess water, excess oil, and a middle-phase microemulsion was observed and the transition temperature was found to increase with an increase in the chain length of a hydrocarbon oil. Dynamic behavior at low temperatures showed that an oil drop size decreased linearly with time due to solubilization into micelles and the solubilization rate decreased with an increase in the chain length of a hydrocarbon oil. On the other hand, both spontaneous emulsification of water into oil phase and expansion of oil drop with time were observed because of diffusion of surfactant and water into oil phase. Under conditions of a 3 phase region including a middle-phase ${\mu}E$, both rapid solubilization and emulsification of oil into aqueous surfactant solution were found mainly due to the existence of ultra-low interfacial tension. Interfacial tensions were measured as a function of time for n-decane oil drops brought into contact with 1 wt% surfactant solution at $25^{\circ}C$. Both equilibrium interfacial tension and equilibration time were found to increase with an increase in the chain length of a hydrocarbon oil.