• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.525-531
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the epidemiological features of a food poisoning outbreak in a company cafeteria located in Chungcheongnam-do Province, Korea in June of 2020 and to suggest preventive measures for a similar incidence. Methods: A total of 84 patients with acute gastroenteritis were examined. Environmental samples were obtained from 16 food handlers, six food utensils, 135 preserved foods served over three days and nine menus, and six drinking water samples. These are analyzed to detect viruses and bacteria. Results: Ninety-four out of the 402 people who were served meals (23.4%) predominantly showed symptoms of diarrhea, and the number was over 3 times. Among the 84 patients under investigation, 17 cases (20.2%) were positive for Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and 18 cases were positive for Clostridium (C.) perfringens (21.4%). Based on the investigation, it was concluded that the main pathogens were EPEC and C. perfringens. For EPEC, it was detected in three of the food service employees and in the preserved food and curry rice. The results of pulsed field gel electrophoresis indicate that all EPEC cases are closely related except for one food service employee. Assuming that isolated EPEC originated from the preserved food, the incubation period is about 25 hours. The origin of the C. perfringens was not determined as it was not detected in the food service employees or environmental samples. Conclusions: This case suggests that food provided in group food service centers must be thoroughly managed. In addition, identifying the pathogens in preserved food is very important for tracing the causes of food poisoning, so food must be preserved in an appropriate condition. To prevent similar food poisoning cases, analyzing cases based on epidemiological investigation and sharing the results is needed.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.162-170
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• 2001

The majority of important structures are made of concrete. Recently earth canals have increasingly been changed to concrete-based irrigation structures every year for higher efficiency of water conveyance and easier maintenance. Unfortunately these concrete structures for agricultural purpose have serviced to only $15{\sim}20$ years, which amounts to only about one third of target service life and will finally result in natural resources waste and weakening of competitive power of agriculture and farmers. Moreover, recently increased concerns of phil-environment have required reconsideration of the roles, shapes, service lives of the irrigation structures. Hereby, this study is presented to find out suggestions or comments on the solutions to the problems of shorter service life and the resultant environmental impact encountered recently in the hydraulic structures for the prosperity of farmers, agriculture and this country.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.98-99
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• 2017

With special condition in the geography, maritime industry is improvement rapidly in the planet, which is covered by approximately $360,000,000km^2$ of Saline water. Together with the development of this field, freight transportation industry becomes one of the most important service in the world as well as in Hai Phong. Meanwhile the number of company and quality of service increased due to the demanding of citizen, the price for this activities also raised.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

Forest ecosystems generate variety of important goods and services for human well-being. As a growing concern of climate change and water shortage, it is necessary to quantify, model and map water balance in forest. In this study, we have analyzed 11 overseas forest water supply models (AIM, ATEAM, CENTURY, (E)SWAT, GUMBO, InVEST, PLM, SAVANNA, WaSSI, WaterGAP, WBM) and compared their scale, input and out data, availability of the models and analyzed the applicability of the models to Korea. As a result, InVEST and WaterGAP model appeared to be applicable for quantifying water provisioning services in Korea. A systematic approach for applying to evaluate water balance in forest was suggested based on our quantification approach.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

노출 환경 및 설계 변수의 변화에 따라 내구수명은 큰 범위를 가지고 변화하게 되므로 설계자 입장에서는 내구수명의 변동성을 이해하는 것은 중요하다. 최근 들어 탄소 중립을 위하여 플라스틱 혼소재가 클링커 생산 시 원료로 사용되고 있는데, 이러한 경우, 시멘트의 염화물 함유량은 증가하게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 플라스틱 혼소재를 사용하여 초기 염화물량이 증가할 경우, 다양한 노출 환경과 설계 변수를 고려하여 내구수명이 어떤 수준으로 변화하는지에 대한 연구이다. 이를 위해 4 수준의 초기 염화물량을 설정하였으며, 3 수준의 표면 염화물량을 포함한 다양한 환경 조건에 따라 내구수명을 LIFE 365 프로그램을 이용하여 평가하였다. 해석 변수로서 임계 염화물량, 고로슬래그 미분말 치환 혼입율, 물-결합재 비, 피복두께, 단위 결합재량, 초기 염화물량을 설정하였다. 초기 염화물량이 증가함에 따라 내구수명은 감소하는 경향을 보이지만 이 값을 1,000ppm까지 허용해도 내구수명의 큰 감소는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 슬래그 치환율을 증가시킬 경우 더 높은 내구수명을 확보할 수 있는데, 이는 고로슬래그 미분말이 외부 염화물 이온의 확산 저감과 동시에 자유 염화물을 고정시키는 효과가 있기 때문이다. 초기 염화물량의 허용 농도를 유럽기준과 같이 증가시키는 것도 지속가능성 향상과 탄소량을 저감시키는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 또한 표면 염화물량이 낮고 혼화재(슬래그)를 사용한 경우, 초기 염화물량의 영향은 상대적으로 낮았지만 표면염화물량이 높은 경우, 노출환경을 고려한 신중한 배합설계가 필요하다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

This study proposes the improvement of the present Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) management system of MOE (Ministry of Environment). The margin of safety (MOS) is calculated by a method using standard error and a method using variability and uncertainty. The allocation of pollutant loads are calculated using three methods, equal load reduction method, equal percent removal method and method using equity standards. This study applied the improved TMDL management system to the Anyangcheon watershed. Since MOS varies from 12% to 44% due to the high variability of measured and simulated data, it must not be ignored in the TMDL. The method using equity standards is the most proper in this application since the others produced unrealistic allocations. Area, runoff, water use quantity, population and budget are considered for equity standards. This study shows that this allocation method can be also applicable for the administrative units as well as the sub-watersheds. Finally, Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) with the allocated pollutant load was used to confirm whether it satisfy the water quality standard or not. This study will be helpful to improve the MOS and allocation system TMDL in the future.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2015

The economic effects of sewage and wastewater treatment service (SWTS) sector on other sectors have been rarely investigated in the literature. This paper attempts to apply an inter-industry analysis to looking into the economic effects of the SWTS sector. To this end, the most recently published 2012 input-output table is used here. In particular, the SWTS sector is specified as exogeneous to identify the economic effects of the SWTS sector on other sectors. Production-inducing effect, value-added creation effect, and employment-inducing effect are quantified based on demand-driven model. Supply shortage effect and price pervasive effect are also analyzed employing supply-driven model and Leontief price model, respectively. The results show that production-inducing effect and value-added creation effect of a unit of investment or production in SWTS sector are estimated to be 1.7076 and 0.7392, respectively. The employment-inducing effect of one billion of investment or production in the SWTS sector is computed to be 11.0498 persons. The shortage effect of the SWTS sector amounts to 0.8417 won. The overall price effect of the 10% increase in the price of SWTS sector is calculated to be 0.0115%. This quantitative information can be utilized in predicting the economic effects of the SWTS sector-related activities or policy-making.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2010

To determine whether or not the female Korean salamander, Hynobius leechii, responds to water currents and, if so, whether those responses depend on their reproductive conditions, we evaluated the responses of ovulated and oviposited females to 1-Hz water currents generated by a model salamander with and without the placement of a transparent water current blocker between the model and the test females. The ovulated females responded to water currents by turning their heads toward, approaching, and/or making physical contact with the model. When the water current blocker was in place, the number of salamanders that approached the model was reduced significantly. The approaching and touching responses of ovulated females were greater than those of oviposited females, whereas the other measurements evidenced no differences. None of the responses of the oviposited females to water currents was affected by the presence of the blocker. Our results indicate that female H. leechii responds to water currents via a mechanosensory system.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2009

Foreign and domestic seawater desalination plant market investigation was performed to analyze the worldwide trend of seawater desalination plant market and to establish the activation plan for seawater desalination plant application. Water demand and seawater desalination related laws and regulations were investigated and analyzed for the activation plan. RO type and large scale plants are popular nowadays however there are only small plants in island region in Korea. There will be about $1 million\;m^3/day$ deficit in 2015 according to the water demand forecasting from Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Land, Transportation, and Maritime Affairs in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to activate the domestic application of seawater desalination plant to secure stable water resources. To activate the domestic application of seawater desalination plant, first, we need to establish regulations, support system in the water service law for seawater desalination plant. Second, related Ministry should increase the support for the operation and management of seawater desalination plant and suggest the construction of seawater desalination plant for water resources security near seaside region.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.176-176
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• 2019

Thailand had issued a national strategic development master plan with issues related to water resources and water security in the entire water management. Water resources are an important factor of living and development of the country's socio-economy to be stable, prosperous and sustainable. Therefore, water management in both multidimensional and multi-sectoral systems is important and will supports socio-economic and environmental development. The direction of national development in accordance with the national strategic framework for 20 years that requires the country to level up security level in terms of water, energy and food. To response to the proposed goals, there is a subplan to increase water productivity of the entire water system for economical development use by evaluating use value and to create more value added from water use to meet international standard level. This study aims to evaluate the water productivity of Thailand in each basin and all sectors such as agricultural sector, service and industrial sectors by using the water use data from water account analysis and GDP data from NESDB during the past 10 years (1996-2015). The comparison of water productivity with other countries will also be conducted and in addition, the measures to improve water productivity in next 20 years will be explored to response to the National Strategic Master Plan goals. Water productivity is defined as output per unit of water depleted. The simplest way to compare water productivity across different enterprises is in monetary terms. World Bank presents water productivity as an indication of the efficiency by which each country uses its water resources. There are two data sets used for water productivity analyses, i.e., the first is water use data at end users and the second is Gross Domestic Product. The water use at end users are estimated by water account method based on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) concept of United Nations. The water account shows the analyses of the water balance between the use and supply of each water resource in physical terms. The water supply and use linkage in the water account analyses separated into each phases, i.e., water sources, water managers, water service providers, water user at end user under water regulators of all kinds of water use activities such as household, industrial, agricultural, tourism, hydropower, and ecological conservation uses. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a well- known measuring method of the national economic growth is not actually a comprehensive approach to describe all aspects of national economic status, since GDP does not take into account the costs of the negative impacts to natural resources that result from the overexploitation of development projects, however, at present, integrating the environment with the economy of a country to measure its economic growth with GDP is acceptable worldwide. The study results will show the water use at each basin, use types at end users, water productivity in each sector from 1996-2015 compared with other countries, Besides the productivity improvement measures will be explored and proposed for the National Strategic Master Plan.