• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 1999

This study is to investigate the effect of C factor errors on the analysis of water distribution systems. For this purpose, an artificial distribution network and a real distribution network were selected as the study networks. Results are as follows. 1. The C factor of a pipe which has small velocity didn't give significant effect on the analysis of a water distribution system. 2. The effect of decreased value of C factors give more influence on the analysis of water distribution systems than that of the increased values. 3. For the C factor calibration, errors of the residual water heads as well as those of the head losses should be considered together. 4. In the analysis of water distribution systems, changes of C factors can give influences only on the nodes which locate behind the pipe. Therefore, this characteristics should be considered in the selection of nodes for the measurement of water heads.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2001

There are many reservoirs used as the source of water supply and they show various specific characteristics in water quality depend seasonal. Especially, there were not a little variations of water quality in summer, as a natural consequence it follows that stratification occured phenomenon and changed anaerobic condition in the bottom of reservoir, and then accumulated Fe and Mn substance in soil and sediment were resolved into water, it attributes to coloration. G purification plant located in Y gun is very small plant in which coloration occurs by Fe and Mn in every summer. Using this plant as a model, the removal methods of Fe and Mn were studied. After prechlorination plus LAS coagulation, Fe, Mn, $NH_3-N$ were decreased from 7.290 mg/l to 0.080 mg/l, from 0.480 mg/l to 0.075 mg/l, from 0.55 mg/l to 0.04 mg/l. But $THM_{s}$ was increased from 0.050 mg/l to 0.044 mg/l. It shows that the prechlorination plus LAS coagulation treatment process in purification plant is effective to remove Fe and Mn ion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1993

The conventional water budget analysis methods for major water works do not take the spatial variation of available water resources into account. There has also been a tendency of over-estimation of water supply capacity when a significant inter-basin water transfer is involved. Therefore, a revised water budget analysis methodology is proposed which can take care of the spatial variation of the water resources available within the basin and with the inter-basin transferable water. For the purpose of present study, the Saemangeum project area is taken for the analysis, which includes both the Dongjin and the Mangyungs River basin, one of the regions with the most complex water utilization.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

A spring water quality was depend on the aquifer soil status. However, water quality was rapidly contaminated by artificial affects. In the contaminate components, the heavy metals were significantly important because the heavy metals influence the plants and the animals. But, it is difficult to find out how the heavy metal can affect in the water quality. According to the group analysis and the factor analysis, water quality management was advanced. The experimental area was divided into three region and six factor. The six factor could not define the overall water quality, however this method were one of the useful methods.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.822-833
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• 2010

Temperature increase due to climate changes causes change of water temperature in rivers which results in change of water quality etc. and the change of river ecosystem has a great impact on human life. Analyzing the impact of current climate changes on air and water temperature is an important thing in adapting to the climate changes. This study examined the effect of climate changes through analyzing air temperature trend for Nakdong river basin and analyzed the elasticity of air-water temperature to understand the effect of climate changes on water temperature. For analysis air temperature trend, collecting air temperature data from the National Weather Service on main points in Nakdong river basin, and resampling them at the units of year, season and month, used as data for air temperature trend analysis. Analyzing for elasticity of air-water temperature, the data were collected by the Water Environment Information system for water temperature, while air temperature data were collected at the National Weather Service point nearest in the water temperature point. And using the results of trend analysis and elasticity analysis, the effect of climate changes on water temperature was examined estimating future water temperature in 20 years and 50 years after. It is judged that analysis on mutual impact between factors such as heat budget, precipitation and evapotranspiration on river water temperature affected by climate changes and river water temperature is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2023

The benthic macroinvertebrates index (BMI) was developed based on the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), which is the amount of biodegradable organic matter in stream water. However, benthic macroinvertebrates mainly live in the streambed substrate and are affected by the interaction of water quality and substrate. This study was conducted to examine the interactive relationship between water quality items (BOD₅, total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS)) and substrate with BMI by performing statistical analyses (four-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis). The data used in the analyses were collected from 19,915 sampling units at 1,937 sites in South Korea from 2010 to 2020. The interaction effect between BOD₅ and substrate types was confirmed through a four-way analysis of variance. Partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis estimated the degree of influence on the change in BMI value in the order of mean grain size of the substrate as (𝜱_m) > BOD₅ > TP > TSS. BMI can be regarded as an index that evaluates the comprehensive effects of water quality and streambed status, although it is an index that was developed based on the amount of biodegradable organic matter in a water column.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze Sumjin River Basin water environment system. It was necessary to improve the water quality. The data were collected from 2010 January to 2012 December including Water Temperature, pH, DO, EC, $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P. The data were used to study were required to; Correlation Analysis; Principle Component Analysis; Factor Analysis. The results were as followed. According to correlation analysis on $BOD_5$ against COD, TOC it revealed that the each value of correlation coefficient were 0.715 and 0.719; this means the strength of the relationship is strong. The same analysis on T-P against $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS has revealed that the range of the correlation coefficient value fell between 0.482 and 0.608 which means strength of the relationship between them remained normal. Through correlation analysis, it has been found that all elements except T-N have high correlation. The results of principal component analysis to target the overall water quality was extracted to three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 68.990%. In the case of seasonal water quality, Spring and Summer are extracted to each of four main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 81.515% and 73.550% respectively. Fall and Winter are extracted to each of three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 65.072% and 72.721% respectively. There is no seasonality in the case of factor analysis. The first common factor is $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS, T-P, which were classified. Totally speaking, Sumjin River Basin water system gets highly affected by the nutrient salts, organic matter and suspended solid at the same time.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.373-384
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• 2011

This study aims at the examination of the relative characteristics of discharge and water quality in river basins using statistical methods. For it, water quality and discharge data was collected in observed stations of Nakdong river and carried out correlation analysis, regression analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. And it was investigated the applicability of water quality prediction using Nearest-neighbor method. As a result, it grasped a trenditional characteristics and mutual relations between discharge an water quality data. Therefore, this results were suggested the comprehensive data and methods for a management of water quality, effective operation and policy development in Nakdong river basin.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.882-887
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• 2014

In this paper, the water cooling method among the forced coolant cooling methods is considered to be applied to the 110kW-class IPMSM for railway vehicles. First, basic thermal property analysis of the IPMSM is conducted using the three-dimensional thermal equivalent network method. Then, based on the results of the basic thermal property analysis, some design requirements for the water cooling jacket are deduced and a basic design of the water cooling jacket is carried out. Finally, thermal equivalent circuit of the water cooling jacket is attached to the IPMSM's 3D thermal equivalent network and then, the basic thermal and effectiveness analysis are conducted for the case of applying the water cooling jacket to the IPMSM. In the future, the thermal variation trends inside the IPMSM by the application of the water cooling jacket is expected to be quickly and easily predicted even at the design step of the railway traction motor.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1395-1407
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• 2014

Coal seam gas (CSG) production involves extracting methane from coal seams with ground water which is so called a primary by-product of this process, and is often rich in salts and other constituents. The predicted large volume and variable quality of this water make water management a topic associated with CSG production. In the past, the amount of this water used to be pumped into the vacant aquifer, or into the river during the life of individual production wells. Australian government make a strategies for management and beneficial use of the water. From this point of view, a detailed assessment has not been undertaken, it is necessary for water resource production to analysis the "Coal Seam Gas Water (CSG Water) Management Policy Study" published in Queensland, Australia.