• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2012

To develop potential cosmetic ingredients with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of 4 Korean bamboo species (P. bambusoides, P. nigra var. henonis, P. pubescens and Sasa coreana) using three different extraction methods-water, ethanol and supercritical fluid extraction. Antimicrobial activities and DPPH assay have been examined. Among the antimicrobial activities against two test strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, ethanol extracts of 3 bamboo trees, P. bambusoides, P. nigra var. henonis, and P. pubescens, showed stronger than those of supercritical extracts. However, 4 bamboo supercritical extracts showed dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. These results suggest that water fraction of bamboo extracts may be useful for the cosmetic ingredient with low cytotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.355-361
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• 2013

The present study attempts to evaluate antioxidant activities of extracts from Abeliophyllum distichum. Nakai flower. The samples were collected in Jangyyeon-myeon, Goesan-gun, Korea and extracted with either hot-water or ethyl acetate (EtOAC). In DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity of EtOAC extracts were 93.41%, 98.43%, and 7.38%, while those of hot-water extracts were 86.93%, 41.33% and 47.68% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In ${\varphi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay, the protective effects of EtOAC and hot-water extracts against oxidative DNA damage were 82% and 17% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Both extracts showed the protective effect of DNA migration by oxidative stress in intracellular DNA migration assay. Both extracts had no cytotoxity in NIH3T3 cells. Several polyphenolic compounds were identified such as 2-methoxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid, phytol and pulegone by GC/MS. These results indicated that extracts of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai flower showed antioxidant activities and protective activities against oxidative DNA damage and showed the possibility to be used as an effective natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1998

Antimicrobial activities of the extracts from spices microorganisms related to kimchi fermentation were investigated. 32 kinds of spices such as allspice, mount, basil, bay leaves, caraway, cardamon, celery, chilli powder, chives, cinnamon, clover, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, garlic, horseradish, marjorarm, mugwort, mustard, nutmeg, onion, oregano, paprika, parsely, pepper, peppermint, rosemary, sage, tarragon, thyme and tumeric were extracted with water, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Fractions were tested for antimicrobial activities against Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, The extracts of 28 kinds of spices except caraway, cardamon, paprika and tarragon by water extraction, those of 29 kinds except arrowroot, paprika and tarragon by ethyl ether extraction, those of 30 kinds except paprika and tarragon by ethyl acetate extraction, and those of 29 kinds except clover, paprika and tarragon by ethanol extraction showed strong antimicrobial activities against Lactobacillus plantarum. On the other hand, the extracts of 28 kinds of spices except caraway, cardamon, paprika and thyme by water extraction, those of 27 kinds except cardamon, cumin, paprika, tarragon and thyme by ethyl ether extraction, thou of 30 kinds except paprika and thyme by ethyl acetate extraction, and those of 28 kinds except cardamon, cumin, paprika and thyme by ethanol extraction showed strong antimicrobial activities against Leuconostoc mesenteroides.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.144-151
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• 1999

Chitinase activities from Shumard oak tissues were determined to study changes in chitinase activities related to water stress. The enzyme extracted in sodium acetate buffer (0.1M, pH 4.5) was assayed by a colorimetric method. In addition, the fungal hyphae of Hypoxylon atropunctatum in xylem tissues of oak were observed through scanning electron microscopy. The enzyme in oak tissues was mainly endochitinase, and optimum pH for enzyme activity was 5. Specific chitinase activities from both of stems held under high relative humidity (ranges of 0.63-1.11 pKatal/$\mu\textrm{g}$ of protein) and stems held under low relative humidity (ranges of 0.41-0.99 pKatal/$\mu\textrm{g}$ of protein) were significantly increased following fungal inoculation with H. atropunctatum. However, there was no significant difference in chitinase activities between tissues held under high and low humidities, which might be due to fungal chitinase. Scanning electron microscopy showed holes in fungal hyphae in the xylem tissues of stems held under high humidity but not in the stems held under ow humidity, suggesting that hyphae might be hydrolyzed by plant hydolases such as chitinase.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1124-1131
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• 2009

Acanthopanax senticosus has been used in East Asia as a traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is the investigation of an extraction method for A. senticosus var subinermis (ASvS) leaves to improve their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Six extracts were prepared: extracted with water (W), ethanol (Eth), water or ethanol after ultra high pressure (WP, EthP), and water or ethanol after an extrusion process (WEx, EthEx). Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability showed that all extracts had a significant antioxidant activity. In anti-inflammatory activities, Eth and EthEx significantly inhibited the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ independent of cell viability in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein was significantly decreased by EthEx. These findings present that Eth and EthEx extracts of ASvS leaves have anti-inflammatory activities, and EthEx extract suppresses LPS-induced NO through the down-regulation of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.569-577
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• 2012

The physicochemical characteristics and biological activities, including antioxidant activity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity of hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, were investigated in this study. Hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus contained carbohydrate (7.86%), protein (10.91%), and ${\beta}$-glucan (3.62%). Water solubility of hot-water extract was 42.58%. Antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated by ABTS assay and FRAP assay. The $IC_{50}$ value was 312.21 ${\mu}g/mL$ in ABTS assay. Antimutagenic activity of the extract was evaluated by Ames test. Antimutagenicity of hot-water extract (5 mg/mL) on Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 mutagenated by sodium azide (0.15 ${\mu}g/mg$) was 69.2%. Cytotoxicity of hot-water extract was also evaluated by MTT and SRB assay. The cytotoxicity was highest (83.95%) on Hep3B treated with 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$ of hot-water extract in SRB assay. Therefore, it is suggested that hot-water extract of fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus has high antioxidant activity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

This study was carried out to observe the antioxidative activity, fibrinolytic activity, nitrite savenging ability and adenosine content of three medicinal mushrooms. Among water and ethanol extract of each mushroom, water extract of Inonotus obliquus (Czech) showed the highest antioxidative activity $(57.1{\mu}g/ml)$, nitrite scavenging ability (52.04%), fibrinolytic activity (86.8%) and adenosin content $(94.3{\mu}g/g)$, whereas nitrite scavenging ability of ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus showed higher than that of water extract. Apart from the above statements, water was effective than ethanol as extracting solvent in general. These results suggest that Inonotus obliquus (Czech) showed higher activities such as antioxidative activity, nitrite scavenging ability, fibrinolytic activity and adenosin content and water was effective as solvent except for nitrite scavenging ability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.27-30
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• 2016

PURPOSE : The effect of the vestibular caloric stimulation with ice water on the autonomic nervous system was investigated using pulse oximetry. METHOD : Thirty-four healthy men and women were subject to a 2-minute vestibular caloric stimulation with ice water, and autonomic nervous activities (low frequency, high frequency, and total power) were measured before and after the vestibular caloric stimulation. Data were analyzed separately for men and women. RESULT : Low frequency, high frequency, and total power in the men and low frequency in the women were statistically significantly higher after vestibular caloric stimulation. High frequency and total power in the women were higher but not significantly different after vestibular caloric stimulation. CONCLUSION : Vestibular caloric stimulation with ice water increases autonomic nervous activities, with the variation being within the normal range. The test can be considered safe for use.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of natural colors extracted from yellow natural dyes(Tumeric, Amur Cork Tree and Onion Shell). The water and the methanol extracts of Tumeric and Amur Cork Tree significally decreased the growth of E. coli in vitro and the methanol extract of Tumeric exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect among the samples. Silk and nylon fabrics dyed with water and methanol extracts of the yellow natural dyes showed antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Staph aureus in the Bioassay Test. Nylon fabric dyed with methanol extracts of them showed strong antibacterial effect on E. coli compared with that of water extracts. However, slik fabrics dyed with the extracts could not reduce the growth of E. coli. Silk or nylon fabrics dyed with methanol or water extracts of yellow natural dyes showed antimicrobial activities against Staph aureus. The antimicrobial activity of the fabrics dyed with methanol extracts from Tumeric, Amur Cork Tree and Onion Shell was stronger than that of water extracts, especially, the fabrics dyed with Tumeric extract showed the highest antibacterial property among the dyed fabrics.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.247-251
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidant activity of methanol (MeOH) and water extracts from roots of Cirsium japonicum in vitro, MeOH extract showed a stronger tree radical scavenging activity than water extract. However, both of extracts showed a concentration dependent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating ability, MeOH extract had greater phenolic and flavonoid contents than water extract. The antidiabetic activity of these two extracts was evaluated by the a-glucosidase inhibition assay, The water extract showed a considerable a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. To our knowledge, this may be the first time to report the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in Cirsium japonicum roots.