• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 2003

야외 운동(outdoor activities)복에 사용되는 소재들은 외부로부터 신체를 안전하게 보호해 주어야 될 뿐 아니라 쾌적하게 유지시켜 주어야 한다. 의복착용시 쾌적감에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 인자는 몸의 열적 평형상태를 유지하기 위한 수단인 수분전달 특성이다. 본 연구는 여러 종류의 야외 운동복용 직물에서의 수분전달 현상을 조사하여 규명하므로써 이 직물들이 실제 의복생활에 응용될 의복계(clothing system)를 형성하였을 때의 수분전달 현상을 설명하고자 하는 기초연구이다. 연구의 결과는 base layer용, mid layer용 직물들이 shell layer로 쓰이는 waterproof breathable 직물보다 수분 전달률이 높았으며, waterproof breathable 직물의 수분 전달률은 microfibre 직물, PTFE-laminated 직물 그리고 polyurethane coated 직물 순 이었다. 또한 polyurethane 직물에서는 back coated 직물이 face-coated 직물보다 수분 전달률이 높았다.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 1978

This paper presents the experimental study on the design conditions of pressure between booster ejector and air ejector in the steam-jet water-vapour refrigeration system. In this experiment, the motive steam of booster ejector and ai. ejector was dry saturated from 6 ata to 8 ata and flash chamber pressure were about $10\∼540mmHg$ higher than mixing section in booster ejector. The investigation of air on the pressure of booster ejector was performed by changing the condenser pressure. The experimental results show that flash chamber vacuum and condenser pressure of steam-jet refrigeration cycle increased in accordance with the increase of motive steam Pressure. Among the several nozzle sires tested, No.4 nozzle were best in term of evaporator vacuum under the constant operating conditions of air ejector in condenser.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 1996

Objective of this study was to investigate the effects of all current speed on the microclimates above and inside the plug stand under artificial light. Maximum air temperature appeared near the top of the plug stand. Difference in air temperature inside the plug stand increased with the decreasing air current speed. Difference in relative humidity(DRH) to the relative humidity at the Inlet of the main air flow conditioner Inside and above the plug stand decreased with the increasing air current speed. Relative humidity inside the plug stand was 10-15% higher than that above the plug stand. DRH inside a stand of plug at air current speed of 0.3m s$^{-1}$ was about two times as many as that at air current speed of 0.9 m s$^{-1}$ . DRH inside the plug stand was 2.8-6.5% higher at LAI of 2.6 than that at LAI of 0.5. Gradient for the vapour pressure deficit was distinctly appeared at the low air current speed. Direction of vapour pressure flux is from the medium surface upwards. Difference in vapour pressure(DVPD) to the vapour pressure deficit at the inlet of the main air flow conditioner inside and above the plug stand decreased with the increasing height above the medium surface. DVPD inside the plug stand was 0.3-0.4㎪ higher at air current speed of 0.9m s$^{-1}$ than that at air current speed of 0.3m s$^{-1}$ . Results for the effects of air current speed on the relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit indicated that the microclimates above and inside the plug stand at the rear region in plug trays were slightly unfavorable compared to those at middle region.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2009

Recently, there has been growing interest in the oxyfuel combustion cycle since it enables high-purity $CO_2 capture with high$ efficiency. However, the oxyfuel combustion cycle has some important issues regarding to its performance such as the requirement of water recirculation to decrease a turbine inlet temperature and proper combustion to enhance cycle efficiency. Also, Some of water vapour remain not condensed at condenser outlet because cycle working fluid contains non-condensable gas, i.e., $CO_2$. The purpose of the present study is to analyze performance characteristics of the oxyfuel combustion cycle with different turbine inlet temperatures, combustion pressures and condenser pressure. It is expected that increasing the turbine inlet temperature improves cycle efficiency, on the other hand, the combustion pressure has specific value to display highest cycle efficiency. And increasing condensing pressure improves water vapour condensing rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2016.02a
• /
• pp.230.2-230.2
• /
• 2016

A new approach for antimicrobial is based on the overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), especially; nitric oxide (NO) and peroxinitrite ($ONOO^-$-) are important factors to deactivate the bacteria. Recently, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has been frequently used in the field of microbial sterilization through the generation of different kinds of RNS/ROS species. However, in previous study we showed APPJ has combine effects ROS/RNS on bacterial sterilization. It is not still clear whether this bacterial killing effect has been done through ROS or RNS. We need to further investigate separate effect of ROS and RNS on bacterial sterilization. Hence, in this work, we have enhanced NO production, especially; by applying a 1% of HNO3 vapour to the N2 based APPJ. In comparison with nitrogen plasma with inclusion of water vapour plasma, it has been shown that nitrogen plasma with inclusion of 1% of HNO3 vapour has higher efficiency in killing the E. coli and different type of cancer cell through the high production of NO. We also investigate the enhancement of NO species both in atmosphere by emission spectrum and inside the solution by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, qPCR analysis of oxidative stress mRNA shows higher gene expression. It is noted that 1% of HNO3 vapour plasma generates high amount of NO for killing bacteria and cancer cell killing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.159-159
• /
• 2015

A new approach for antimicrobial is based on the overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), especially; nitric oxide (NO) and peroxinitrite (ONOO-) are important factors to deactivate the bacteria. Recently, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has been frequently used in the field of microbial sterilization through the generation of different kinds of RNS/ROS species. However, in previous study we showed APPJ has combine effects ROS/RNS on bacterial sterilization. It is not still clear whether this bacterial killing effect has been done through ROS or RNS. We need to further investigate separate effect of ROS and RNS on bacterial sterilization. Hence, in this work, we have enhanced NO production, especially; by applying a 1% of HNO3 vapour to the N2 based APPJ. In comparison with nitrogen plasma with inclusion of water vapour plasma, it has been shown that nitrogen plasma with inclusion of 1% of HNO3 vapour has higher efficiency in killing the E. coli through the high production of NO. We also investigate the enhancement of NO species both in atmosphere by emission spectrum and inside the solution by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, qPCR analysis of oxidative stress mRNA shows higher gene expression. It is noted that 1% of HNO3 vapour plasma generates high amount of NO for killing bacteria.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.4-16
• /
• 1984

The heat-pipe is characterised by the highly effective thermal conductance. In order to change the thermal conductance, the heat-pipe is connected to a reservior having a space which is filled with non-condensable gas. In normal operation, the vapour of working fluid will tend to pump the non- condensable gas into the reservoir and the gas-vapour interface situates at some point along the condenser section. The thermal conductance is affected by non- condensable gas. It is concluded that the suitable position of interface can be used to control the temperature of condenser section. In this experiment, the evaporating part is connected to the lowest position of heat-pipe. The copper heat-pipe which is filled with Freon-113 or distilled water as working fluid utilized. As results of experimental study, thermal conductance can be increased by the operating pressure which is infulenced by non-condensable gas. A correlative equation between the thermal conductance and the mass of non- condensable gas is also obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.481-486
• /
• 2014

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are used to protect SiC-based ceramics or composites from oxidation and corrosion due to reaction with oxygen and water vapour at high temperatures above $1000^{\circ}C$. Mullite ceramics have been studied for environmental barrier coatings for Si-based ceramics. More recently, rare earth silicate ceramics have been identified as more water vapour-resistant materials than mullite for environmental barrier coatings. In this study, we fabricate mullite and yttrium silicate ceramics by an atmospheric plasma spray coating method using spherical granules fabricated by spray drying. As a result, EBCs with thicknesses in the range of $200-300{\mu}m$ are successfully fabricated without any macroscopic cracks or interfacial delamination. Phase and microstructure analysis are conducted, and the basic mechanical properties, such as hardness and indentation load-displacement curves are evaluated.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 1998

The heat conduction and the water vapour diffusion flow through heat insulators between hygroscopical moist building materials were measured by means of the plate method. It was found that the heat transport increases with a moisture motion occuring in the temperature drop. On his basis of simplified assumptions, the increase in the thermal conductivity was calculated from the rate of diffusion flow per unit area, which generally resulted in values inferior to the measured values. The Increase in the heat transport due to water vapour diffusion measured at a large-scale wall specimen was inferior to the one measured by means of the plate method by using a comparable arrangement of layers. The overall heat transfer caused by moisture motion is not a characteristic value of the material, but a property of the whole wall structure

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.168-174
• /
• 2009

High water vapour content in air can cause a number of problems as for human or surrounding materials. For human a high water vapour can create physiological stress, discomfort, and also can encourage ill health. While, the cause for the environment is can accelerate the corrosion of metals, accelerate the growth of spores and mould, can reduce the electrical resistance of insulators and etc. Desiccant systems have been proposed as energy saving alternatives to vapor compression air conditioning for handling especially the latent load and also sensible load. Use of liquid desiccants offers several design and performance advantages over solid desiccants, especially when solar energy is used for regeneration. The liquid desiccants contact the gas inside the packed tower of liquid desiccant solar cooling system and the heat transfer and mass transfer will occur. This thesis is trying to study the characteristics inside the packed tower of dehumidifier systems. This characteristics consist of mass transfer rate, heat transfers rate, human comfort and energy that consume by the system. Those characteristics were affected by air flow rates, air temperature and humidity, and desiccant temperature and all that variation will influence the performance of the systems. The results of this thesis later on can be used to determine the best performance of the systems.