• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.795-801
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• 1998

Metallic fatigue of Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR) materials is a generic safety issue for commercial nuclear power plants. It is very important to obtain the fatigue usage factor for component integrity and life extension. In this paper, fatigue usage was obtained at the inside surface of Kori unit 2, 3 and 4 RCP casing weld, based on the design transient. And it was intended to establish the procedure and the detailed method of fatigue evaluation in accordance with ASME Section III Code. According to this code rule, two methods to determine the stress cycle and the number of cycles could be applied. One method is the superposition of cycles of various design transients and the other is based on the assumption that a stress cycle correspond to only one design transient. Both method showed almost same fatigue usage in the RCP casing weld.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of energy use behaviors and energy saving consciousness of multi-family housing residents. The energy referred to in this study includes electric energy, heating energy and water usage. This study was conducted from a survey carried out in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results of the study are as follows: First, among the survey questions, the only positive energy saving behaviors shown by the occupants was turning off the lights and the television, and in the use of kitchen appliances; it could therefore be concluded that, in general, energy saving attitude and consciousness were not sufficient to reduce energy consumption. Second, the results showed high mean scores for the behaviors which were easy to control, such as turning off lights and televisions, and low mean scores for the behaviors which required extra effort to completely cut off electricity energy such as pulling out the plugs of electronic appliances. Third, it was found that the occupants generally showed the tendency to save heating energy. However, in cases where the occupants were required to continuously and directly experience indoor temperatures, they expressed passive attitudes toward saving energy. Fourth, they showed wasteful attitudes toward water usage by leaving the tap running when taking showers and washing their faces. Fifth, while they showed a strong energy saving consciousness, they also showed a passive attitude about putting this into practice; there was therefore some gap between attitude and behavior. Lastly, among the socio-demographic factors, age and family lifecycle were very important factors affecting energy use and energy saving consciousness.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 1998

In order to investigate the reducing effect of velvet antler water extract (VAWE) on the toxicity of anti-cancer drug, cis-platin (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC), we examined effects of co-administration with VAWE and anti-cancer drugs on their toxicities. We recognized that $LD_{50}$ of CDDP/MMC were increased by co-administration with VAWE and them in mice. It was found that co-administration of VAWE and MMC increased the survival rate in mice treated by lethal dose of MMC. Also, co-administration of VAWE and CDDP/MMC inhibited decrease of the body weight and organ weight in mice intoxificated by CDDP/MMC. The increase of serum blood urea and serum creatinine levels in rats intoxicated by CDDP were significantly inhibited by the co-administrationin with VAWE and CDDP. The decrease of RBC and WBC in rats intoxificated by MMC were significantly inhibited by the co-administration with VAWE and MMC. These results suggest that the combined usage of VAWE and CDDP/MMC drugs may be a new method for prevented or minimized the toxicity of them.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.15-34
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• 2004

Diverse benefits such as reduction of fresh water consumption and effluent discharge, efficient use of raw materials and energy savings can be obtained by papermaking system closure. Closure of papermaking processes, however, causes many problems including reduction of the efficiency of additives, decrease of retention and dewatering, felt plugging, poor Paper quality, generation of slime and odor, poor vacuum efficiency, etc, and it has been recognized that accumulation of Inorganic and organic substances in the process white water is the prime cause of these problems. Therefore, technological developments for preventing accumulation of these detrimental substances are urgently required for Implementing papermaking system closure. Understanding of the accumulation phenomena of the inorganic and organic substances in the papermaking process white water is prerequisite for papermaking system closure. In this study a process simulation method was used to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch In the process white water as the closure level of a fine paper making process is increased. A pilot paper machine was used as a model process. Starch adsorption and desorption models were developed based on the concept of starch adsorption ratio, which was not considered in previous studies. Steady state simulation studies were carried out based on this model using a commercial simulator. In steady state simulation, the variation of dissolved starch concentration in each process unit was monitored as a function of white water usage for wire shower. The result of the steady state simulation showed that dissolved starch concentration and its increase ratio in Process units increased as white water usage ratio for wire shower increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.517-525
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• 1984

This paper presents a typical solar domestic hot water system and estimates their performances with variance of collector size, storage volume, collector tilt and other factors. The analysis is performed by th computer simulation for which conceptual system against 8760 hourly solar intensities and ambient temperature for a model year stored in the computer has been running. System performance is analyzed on hourly, monthly and yearly basis respectively and at the same time, the economics of various systems are evaluated. And also, this paper shows how an optimized design can be selected for any locality for which solar data and collector performance are provided. The results of this study are as follows. (1)Storage volume of 45 liter per square meter of solar collector lead to the best design. (2)Tilting the collectors to the same angle of the latitude is generally the best (3)Optimal size of collector is approximately 6.68-8.35m$^{2}$ when the latitude is 37.6 .deg. N and storage volume is 300 liter. (4)The performances of a solar domestic hot water system does not depend on the hourly usage but the daily usage.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2017

This paper presents the effect of aggregate type on high temperature resistance of self-compacting mortars (SCM) produced with normal and lightweight aggregates like expanded perlite and pumice. Silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) were used as mineral additives. Totally 13 different mixtures were designed according to the aggregate rates. Mini slump flow, mini V-funnel and viscometer tests were carried out on the fresh mortar. On the other hand, bulk density, porosity, water absorption and high temperature tests were made on the hardened SCM. After being heated to temperatures of 300, 600 and $900^{\circ}C$, respectively, the tensile strength in bending and compressive strength of mortars determined. As a result of the experiments, the increase in the use of lightweight aggregate increased total water absorption and porosity of mortars. It is observed that, the increment in the usage of lightweight aggregate decreased tensile strength in bending and compressive strengths of mortar specimens exposed to high temperatures but the usage of up to 10% expanded perlite in mortar increased the compressive strength of specimens exposed to $300^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 1991

The water extract of Gamisamryungbaekchool-San increased the lifespan of mice implanted intraperitoneally with sarcoma 180. Significant depression of lethal toxicity of cis-platin $(45{\mu}M/kg,\;s.c)$ and renal toxicity (indicated by an increase in blood urea nitrogen value and creatinine value) of cis-platin $(35{\mu}M/kg,\;s.c)$ were observed in mice and rats treated with Gamisamryungbaekchool-San. RBC and WBC were significantly decreased in rats treated with cis-platin, and significant depression of hematologic toxicities of cis-platin $(35{\mu}M/kg,\;s.c)$ in rats treated with Gamisamryungbaekchool-San. After all, alleviative effect of the side actions of cis-platin was acknowledged by combined usage of Gamisamryungbaekchool-San and cis-platin.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.464-469
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• 2007

The case study aims to propose the green remodeling strategies of water system in Jeju international airport facilities considering the environmental conditions of Jeju Island. The rain water was proposed as an alternative water source to conserve of under ground water resources. Computations of daily precipitation, rain collection, runoff and water usage was conducted to investigated the feasibility of the rain water system design.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of spa sewage on water quality and chemical contents in the paddy soil along stream from 1997 to 1998. Concentration of $PO_4, SO_4, Cl, NH_{4}, Ca, Na$ and COD in the spa sewage were lower than standard for agricultural usage, and were lowered as the sewage flew to the into stream. The concentration of $SO_4$in spa sewage was over the criteria for agricultural usage in the inlet, but was lower than criteria for agricultural usage by inlet of non polluted stream water. Concentration of pollutants in the sediment of water channel were the highest in the inlet site. There were no pollutants accumulation in the paddy soil where spa sewage was irrigated. It may be resulted from nutrients uptake of rice plant and self purification of paddy soil. On the while, considering electric conductivity and nitrate in spa sewage, this results suggest that long-term irrigation of the spa sewage may be required general management with some decreasing fertilization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2005

Applying enhanced coagulation is not uncommon not only to improve water quality but also to obtain economical advantages in water treatment. In this study, the economical evaluation was investigated with considering dosage of coagulant, produced sludges and usage of activated carbon with two different water sources. To simulate the granular activated carbon(GAC) adsorber mini-column test was adapted. Even if there were some variation according to the source waters, the life time of GAC was extended 60 to 110days with adding 2.5 to 3 times of coagulant in enhanced coagulation. With assumption of changing GAC adsorber at 50% of breakthrough the total treatment cost can be reduced to range from 25% to 44% with adapting the enhanced coagulation. The obtained value can not be generalized because the value can be varied by water quality and cost of the GAC or coagulant. However, the evaluation can be basis starting point to find optimum operation methods for the drinking water treatment which has plan to adapt GAC adsorber.