• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.405-410
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sequential applications of ${\varepsilon}$-polylysine (EPL) or lauramide arginine ethyl ester (LAE) sprays followed by an acidic calcium sulfate (ACS) spray on inoculated chicken carcasses to reduce Salmonella (Salmonella enterica serovars including Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis) contamination during 6 days of storage ($4.4^{\circ}C$). Secondly, reductions of the resident microflora were studied on uninoculated chicken carcasses following the sequential application of the treatments, chilling and 10 days of storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$. The treatment of Salmonella inoculated carcasses with 300 mg/L EPL followed by 30% ACS (EPL300-ACS30) sprays reduced Salmonella counts initially by 1.5 log cfu/mL and then by 1.2 log cfu/mL (p<0.05) following 6 days of storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$. Likewise, 200 mg/L LAE followed by 30% ACS (LAE200-ACS30) treatment reduced initial Salmonella counts on poultry carcasses by 1.8, 1.4 and 1.8 log cfu/mL (p<0.05), respectively, after 0, 3, and 6 days storage. Immediately after the treatments, EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 both reduced Escherichia coli counts significantly by 2.6 and 2.9 log cfu/mL, respectively. EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ASC30 were effective in lowering psychrotroph counts by 1 log cfu/mL on day 10 when compared to the control and distilled water treatments. This study demonstrated that EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 were effective in reducing Salmonella on inoculated chicken carcasses both after treatment and during the storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$ for up to 6 days. In addition, reductions in psychrotroph counts indicated that these treatments might have the potential to increase the shelf-life of poultry carcasses.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.446-454
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• 2011

The noise of the subway has become a social issue and includes very complex reasons. The friction between rail and train wheel is the most important reason of the noise. In this study, we developed MFI(Multi Fluid Injection) System which sprays the mixed fluid(water, anticorrosive and lubricant) on the rail when the train is approaching to reduce the friction. To verify the system's effect, we measured the internal and external noise of the running train. The measured and analyzed results show that MFI system reduce the noise of the running subway.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2020

We studied on the design of a sprinkler control system that communicates with the administrator's mobile through a wireless communication network and a sprinkler unit that sprays water on the vegetation area. This sprinkler control system consists of a communication module that receives an operation signal for the operation of the sprinkler unit from the administrator's mobile, and a control module that controls the sprinkler unit according to the operation signal received through the communication module. It is also designed to control sprinkler units by measuring temperature, humidity, light intensities, vibration and field images in the vegetation area in real time through sensors and camera for each of them and comparing them with established limit criteria. The sprinkler allows the administrator to control the sprinkler more easily because the administrator operates the sprinkler through the mobile from a distance, and emergency situations occur and can respond quickly.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

The effect of ambient gas (steam) condensation on swirl spray characteristics were studied experimentally for low subcooling condition of the liquid. The configuration of the liquid(water) sheet and the breakup modes were examined. Also variation of the discharge coefficient, breakup length, local and the cross-sectional area-averaged SMD of droplets with the liquid flow(injection) rate were obtained. The perforation breakup mode appears dominant with condensation while the aerodynamic wave breakup mode is dominant without condensation(in the air environment). The discharge coefficient, breakup length and the mean drop sizes decrease in a same manner with increasing of the liquid flow rate for both cases(with and without condensation). The condensation effects are insignificant with the discharge coefficient. However, the local and cross-sectional area-averaged SMD are larger and the breakup length becomes shorter in the steam environment. The spray angle predicted from the volumetric flux distribution along the radial direction of the sprays in the steam environment becomes larger with condensation.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

The film boiling heat transfer was experimentally investigated for the water sprays impacting on an inclined hot surface. Full cone spray nozzles were employed for the spray cooling experiment, and experiments were made for different inclination angles of $\theta=0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The experimental results show that, in the downstream region of the inclined hot surface, increasing the inclination angle increases the local heat flux slowly because of increasing the number of rebound droplets. However, the inclination angle of heat transfer surface had no remarkable effect on the local heat flux of spray cooling under the present test conditions.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2002년도 제18회 학술발표대회 논문초록집
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• pp.18-23
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• 2002

Liquid phase mixing of impinging injector is a resultant byproduct from the momentum exchange between a pair of impinging jets and penetration of opponent jet. Principal aim of the present study is revealing the liquid phase mixing mechanism of split triplet impinging injection sprays, and thus extending our understanding on this particular injection element. Overall mixing extent is estimated from patternation tests by the use of purified tap water and kerosene to simulate the real propellant components, respectively, and with the liquid jet momentum ratio, a controlling mixing parameter, in the range of 0.5 to 6.0. Emphasis is placed on the effect of liquid sheet superposition and disintegration, and the results with detailed spray visualization revealed the fact that superposed liquid sheet disintegration is the main pathway of liquid phase mixing of split triplet impinging injector to yield enhanced mixing qualities.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2001년도 제22회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

The effects of injection pressure and the distance between injectors on the droplet distribution characteristics of liquid spray for dual orifice type swirl injectors were experimentally investigated. The SMD distributions, volume concentration and Rosin- Rammler variation N of liquid spray droplets for water and a fuel were measured by using the laser diffraction particle sizer. The results of present study show that SMD decreases and spray angle increases as the injection pressure increases. The interaction of sprays from two injectors gives more uniform SMD distribution in the radial direction. As the distance between two injectors increases, SMD that is measured in the interacting region increases. The effect of viscosity on the droplet distribution in the interacting region is greater than the that of surface tension of liquid.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2016

Atmospheric spray characteristics were experimentally compared between liquid-gas and liquid-liquid sprays of a pintle injector. In order to study spray characteristics, water and air were used as the simulants and the visualization technic was adopted. Spray images were acquired by using a backlight method by a high-resolution CMOS camera. As a result, when the pintle opening distance increased, liquid sheets became unstabled and fluttering droplets increased. In the liquid-gas case, the breakup performance increased as the pressure of gas injected from the annular orifice increased. In the liquid-liquid case, atomization efficiency decreased as the pressure of liquid injected from the annular orifice increased. Spray angles presented a similar trend between two cases. At the same momentum ratio, the spray angle of liquid-liquid case was lower than the angle of liquid-gas case.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2009

Spray cooling heat transfer was experimentally investigated for water sprays impacting on mico-fins structured surfaces in the single phase and nucleate boiling regions. The heat transfer surfaces consist of cubic fins and triangular grooved fins. The spray produced using full cone spray nozzles, and experiments were made under the test condition of $Q=4.92{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}15.83{\times}10^{-6}\;m^3/s$, $T_f=35{\sim}55^{\circ}C$. From the experimental results, it was found that cubic fins surface had the largest heat flux enhancement relative to the smooth surface.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.54-57
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• 2003

Implementation of disease-warning systems often results in substantial reduction of spray frequency (Lorente et al., 2000; Madden et al., 2000). This change reduces the burden of pesticide sprays on the environment and can also delay the development of fungicide and bactericide resistance. To assess the risk of outbreaks of many foliar diseases, it is important to quantify leaf wetness duration(LWD) since activities of foliar pathogen depend on the presence of free water on host crop surface for sufficient periods of time to allow infection to occur.(omitted)