• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 Proceedings of KSEH.Minamata Forum
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• pp.103-114
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• 2005

Chlorine disinfection has been used in drinking water supply to disinfect the water-borne microbial disease which may cause to serious human disease. As Chlorination is still the least costly, relatively easy to use, chlorination is the primary means to disinfect portable water supplies and control bacterial growth in the distribution system. However, chlorine also reacts with natural organic matter (NOM), which presents in nearly all water sources, and then produces disinfection by-product (DBps), which may have adverse health effects. Although the existent DBPs have been reported in drinking water supplies, it is not feasible to predict the levels of the various DBPs due to the complex chemistry reaction involved. The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal variation of DBPs formation and difference of DBPs concentration in the plant to tap water. The average concentration of THMs was 20.04 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$, HAAs 8-15 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$, HANs 2-4.5 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ respectively. Distant variation of DBPs formation is that THMs concentration increase by 17% at 2 km point from the plant and by 28% at 7 km and HAAs, HANs also increase each by 16%, 32%, at 2 km from the plant and 35%, 56%, at 7 km. DBPs increase in water supply pipe continually. The seasonal occurrence of DBPs is that in May and August DBPs concentration is very high then in March, in May DBPs concentration is highest. The temperature is main factor of DBPs formation, precursor also. Precursor which was accumulated for winter flowed into the raw water by flooding in spring and summer and produced DBPs. Therefore for the supply of secure drinking water, it is required to protect precursor of flowing into raw water and to add to BCAA and DBAA to drinking water standards.

• 물과 미래
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1991

본 연구는 하천유지유량의 개념을 정립하여 기존의 하천유지유량 개념의 모호성 및 산정방법의 차이에서 오는 문제점을 방지하기 위한 것이다. 평균갈수량은 하천의 건천화 방지 등의 기능을 유지하기 위하여 하류에 흐르도록 보장해 주어야 할 유량으로 규정하였으며 환경보존유량은 하천환경의 적절한 보존을 위하여 주운, 염해 방지, 하천관리시설의 보호, 수질보전, 어업, 하구폐쇄의 방지, 지하수위의 유지, 동식물의 보호, 경관등에 필요한 유량으로 규정하였다. 이를 위하여 한강의 인도교 지점을 선정하여 유황분석을 실시하였으며 각 지점에 대하여 자연상태하의 평균갈수량을 산정하였다. 위에서 언급한 하천환경보존에 관련된 9가지 기능을 종합적으로 고려한 결과, 현재로서는 수질보전이 환경보존유량의 가장 중요한 기능으로 파악되었으며 유역에서 발생되는 오염부하량과 하천에 유입되는 오염부하량을 산정하고 이에 따른 주요 지점의 장래수질을 예측하였다. 또한 예측된 장래수질과 환경기준을 비교하여 인도교 지점의 적정회석유량을 산정하였다. 산정된 평균갈수량과 환경보존유량은 비소비성 유량이므로, 이 두 유량에서 큰 것을 택한 유량, 즉 Max. (평균갈수량, 환경보존 유량)을 하천유지유량으로 산정 제시하였다. 이 유량에 하류의 유수점용을 위하여 필요한 양, 즉 소비성 유량인이 수유량을 더하면 하천관리의 기준이 되는 하천관리유량을 설정할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 한강뿐만 아니라 그 외의 주요 하천에 대해 체계적인 하천 관리를 수행하는데 기본 자료로서 크게 이바지 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2004

Pilot-scale experiments were performed for the treatment of bank filtrate contammg high manganese concentration around 2mg/L using rapid manganese sand filtration to investigate effects of oxidant dose and pH control on the removal efficiency of manganese. For theoretical dose ranges of oxidant (sodium hypochlorite) between 3 and 4mg/L, the manganese concentration of effluent was 0.57 mg/L, which corresponded to 72.5% removal and was higher than drinking water quality standards of 0.3mg/L. For excess dose ranges of oxidant between 4 and 8mg/L, the manganese concentration of effluent was reduced to 0.14mg/L, which corresponded to 94.5% removal, but the residual chlorine concentration was over 1.0mg/L. On the other hand, manganese removal efficiency drastically increased up to the value of 98.0%, which is equivalent to the effluent concentration of 0.03mg/L by controling pH to the range between 7 and 8 for the theoretical dose of oxidant. Consequently, these results indicated that appropriate dose of chemicals, such as oxidant and alkali, and continuous monitoring of manganese should be necessary to obtain efficient removal of manganese and to optimize the maintenance of treatment facilities for the treatment of bank filtrate with high concentration of manganese.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 빗물과 중수를 연계하여 각각의 단점을 극복하고 장점을 극대화 할 수 있는 빗물-저농도 오수 하이브리드 시스템을 설계하고 서울대학교에 설치하여 수량 및 수질 모니터링과 경제성을 평가하였다. 건물에서 발생하는 오수 중세면, 샤워용수를 중수로 선택하여 침지형 분리막과 오존산화 처리하였으며, 건물 옥상에서 집수된 빗물은 저류 후 처리수조로 이송되어 처리된 저농도 오수와 혼합되어 변기 세척용수로 공급하였다. 변기 세척용수 $3,979m^3$ 중 65%인 $2,599m^3$를 빗물 이용과 저농도 오수를 재이용하였다. 빗물은 총대장균을 제외한 나머지 항목에서 중수도 수질 기준을 만족하였으며, 저농도 오수는 탁도, SS, BOD, 총대장균이 기준치를 초과하여 침지형 분리막과 오존산화 처리하여 안정적인 수질을 유지하였다. 경제성 분석 결과, 빗물-저농도 오수 하이브리드 시스템은 B/C (Benefit-Cost Ratio) 비율이 1.11으로 사업의 타당성이 있다고 판단된다. 물 재이용시설의 이용확대를 위해 시설 운영에 따른 경제성을 높이기 위한 다양한 연구 및 정책적 지원이 필요하다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.725-734
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• 2012

The outbreak of foot and mouth disease in November 2010 raised many social, economic and environmental issues and water contaminations by leachate from carcass disposal sites particularly emerged as a serious concern. In oder to efficiently handle these problems, a critical method is required to transport leachate to livestock manure and sewage treatment plants and purify it. This study aims to present the best applicable method to transport leachate from carcass disposal sites into livestock manure and sewage treatment facilities. We investigated the biological and chemical characteristics such as BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP and Total coliforms. Current conjugated treatments in livestock manure and sewage treatment plants was studied by surveying the operations of those facilities. The NIER-MASS(National Institute of Environmental Research - Mass Balance Evaluation System of Sewage Treatment Facilities) program was applied to present the best conjugated treatment method through estimating the maximum daily load to meet the water quality standards in effluent.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2004

Ground water samples were collected from residential, green" industrial, landfill and mining area and analyzed for 23 inorganics from March to October in 2002. The results are as follows; 1. The detection frequencies of inorganic materials such as As, Ba, B, Mo, Ca, Mg, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, K were 7.2∼77.1% which showed that these inorganics were detected in many ground waters. 2. The detection frequencies of 7 inorganics(Cd, Cr, Ph, Se, Sb, Be, Tl) were commonly low at ranging from 0.42 to 2.5%. These inorganics were contained in ground water partially. 3. Three inorganics such as Hg, Ni, Ag were not detected in any ground-water samples. 4. Compared to the other areas, ground water samples from landfill area contained greater concentration in many inorgainics and then showed higher levels in industral, residential, mining and green area in order. 5. Compared to noted concentrations of bottled water, inorganic minerals including Ca, Mg, Na, K related to taste were fluent in target samples. The results showed that the average concentrations of Mg, Na, K were 4.0 mg/l, 14.7 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l respectively. 6. The concentrations of inorganics such as Sb, Ba, Mo, Be, Tl, K in some ground water samples exceeded the water quality standards of WHO, the US and UK. Especially, Ba, Mo, K also showed relatively high detection frequencies so these inorganics need to be considered as analytes in Korea Drinking Water Regulation in further study.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

Chlorine disinfection has been used in drinking water supply to disinfect the water-borne microbial disease which may cause to serious human disease. it is still the least costly, relatively easy to use, Chlorination is the primary means to disinfect portable water supplies and control bacterial growth in the distribution system. However, chlorine reacts with natural organic matter(NOM), that presents in nearly all water sources, and then produces disinfection by-products(DBPs), that have adverse health effects. Although the existent DBPs have been reported in drinking water supplies, it is not feasible to predict the levels of the various DBPs due to the complex chemistry reaction involved. 1. The objectives of this study is to investigate seasonal variation difference concentration of DBPs in the plant to tap water. The average concentration of THMs was 20.04 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ , HAAs 8-15 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ , HANs 2-4.5 ${\mu}g/{\ell}$ respectively. 2. Distant variation of DBPs furmation by the distance is that THMs concentration increased by 17% at 2km point from the plant and by 28% at 7km and HAAs, HANs also increase each by 16%, 32% at 2 km from the plant and 35%, 56% at 7 km. DBPs increase in water supply pipe continually, 3. The seasonal occurrence of BBPs is that in May and August DBPs concentration is very higher than in march, in May DBPs concentration is highest. The temperature is main factor of DBPs formation, precursor also. 4. Precursor which was accumulated for winter flowed into the raw water by flooding in spring and summer and produced DBPs. 5. Therefore for the supply of secure drinking water, it is required to protect precursor of flowing into raw water and to add to BCAA and DBAA to drinking water standards.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2012

Recently, as reinforced water quality standards for wastewater has been announced, more efficient and more powerful wastewater treatment processes are required rather than the existing activated sludge process. In order to meet this demands, we evaluate Task 1-4 about lab scale $A_{2}O$　process using biofilm media. Task 1, 2, and 3 use 'Module A' which has 4 partitions (Anoxic/Anerobic/Oxic/Oxic). Task 4 uses 'Module B' which has 2 partitions including a denitrification reactor with an Inclined plug flow reactor (IPFR) and a nitrification reactor with biofilm media. The denitrification reactor of Module B is designed to be upward flow using IPFR. The result of evaluating at each Task has shown that attached growth system has better capacity of removal efficiency for organic matter and nitrogen with the exception of phosphorus.　Task 4 which has the most outstanding removal efficiency has 90.5% of $BOD_{5}$ removal efficiency, 97.8% of ${NH_4}^{+}-N$ removal efficiency, 65% of T-N removal efficiency and 92% of T-P removal efficiency with additional chemical phosphorus removal system operated at HRT 9hr, Qi:Qir 1:2, and BOD/T-N ratio 2.7.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.467-472
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• 2012

In this study, water quality and acute toxicity using Daphnia magna were analyzed to investigate the eco-toxicological substances identified as statistical analysis and propose a management plan for the effluent of Banwol industrial complex, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do. Cu, Zn, F, Mn concentrations in the effluent far exceeded the US standards to protect the aquatic ecosystem and eco-toxicity values were 5 ~ 22 TU. However, concentrations of heavy metals significantly decreased after Ansan public wastewater treatment plant operating a biological treatment and toxicity values were 0 TU. Zn, Cr, F and Cu in the effluent showed very strong and strong positive correlations with eco-toxicity values, respectively. Regression analysis resulted in an equation between toxicity and Zn, TU = $4.884{\times}Zn$ (mg/L) -0.391 showing Zn concentration should be managed less than 0.285 mg/L to keep the eco-toxicity (TU) less than 1.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2006

Textile and pigment wastewater samples collected from an industrial complex showed toxic effect on Daphnia magna. For textile wastewater, 48 h acute toxicity of effluent was not detected while toxic unit (TU) of influent was 1.79. The toxicity of influent was completely disappeared by gamma-ray treatment at 10 kGy or by suspended solids (SS) removal. In case of pigment wastewater, both influent and effluent were toxic to D. magna though the effluent satisfied current water quality standards. Gamma-ray treatment had little effect on the toxicity reduction of pigment wastewater since the toxicity was mainly caused by metal ions, in particular, Cr(VI). This work suggests the bioassay technique for monitoring adverse effects of wastewater should be introduced, and also shows the usefulness of gamma-rays as an advanced treatment technique for textile wastewater.