• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

This paper mainly focuses on the research of the monitoring data about the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) of ten monitoring points of Hongze Lake in 28 years. Our study adopts the technical methods such as difference comparison, correlation analysis, Mann-Kendall, etc. to analyze the statistical characteristics, regional differences, and temporal and spatial variation condition of ten monitoring points of Hongze Lake in 1986-2013 as well as the reason for the time and space variation of TN and TP. The results show that the TN and TP of Hongze Lake change dramatically during the period of 1994-2004. In all the monitoring periods, TN and TP of the HZ5, HZ6, HZ7, HZ8 monitoring points in the estuary surrounding the Huaihe River are the highest, which suggests that TN and TP of Hongze Lake should not be ignored for the pollution along the Huaihe River. The TN concentration in the core area is the highest, but that in the development control area is the lowest. In most of the years, TN concentration is higher than 2 mg/L, and the water quality is V class and poor V class water quality in China's Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). TP concentration of the three areas is basically close, that is lower than 2 mg/L in most of the years, and the water quality is within the V class. The TN and TP concentration of Hongze Lake decreased and intensifying trend of eutrophication is controlled after 2004.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 사람의 건강 보호를 위한 수질환경기준 항목 확대를 위해 20개 수질유해화학물질을 대상으로 US EPA의 발암 비발암 영향 수식을 국내 실정에 맞게 수정 및 보완하여 인체 위해성 평가를 수행하였다. 또한 인체 위해성 평가를 기반으로 선정된 우선순위 물질에 대해 기술적 경제적 영향 분석을 통해 행정적 목표로서의 적용 타당성을 판별하였다. 그리하여 20개 우선순위 물질 중 diethylhexylphthalate가 위해 우려가 가장 높은 물질로 평가되었고, 항목별 수질환경기준으로 활용 가능한 기준치(안)은 단계적 강화 측면에서 대체로 먹는물 기준 수준으로 제시되었다. 본 연구에서 활용된 인체 위해성 평가와 수질환경기준(안)제시 방안은 현 단계에서 적용 가능한 방법으로, 향후 보다 합리적인 기준 설정을 위해 수정 및 보완될 필요가 있다. 즉 담수어류 섭취량 자료 확보, 수질 모니터링 자료 축적, 먹는 물 기준 이하로의 수질환경기준치 설정 가능 기반 확립 등의 측면을 보강한다면 향후 국내 수질환경기준 항목 확대에 과학적 근거를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was investigated the characteristics of small-scale water works (SWW) in Gyeongnam area and conduct a health risk assessment of water-quality inspection items unfitted for water-quality standards (WQS). Methods: The characteristics of SWW in Gyeongnam province were analyzed using the data of SWW in the last three years (2014~2016) published in National Waterworks Information System. In addition, the health risk assessment for inspection items unfitted for WQS was carried out in four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Results: The total number of SWW in Gyeongnam area was gradually decreased from 2014 to 2016. In addition, drinking water sources of SWW were in the order of ground water, valley water, spring water, surface water, and river-bed water. The number of points unfitted for WQS in SWW by year was 22, 45, and 18 in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively, and a total of 112 points were found to unfit for WQS in SWW during 2014~2016. The hazard quotient (HQ) for fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, boron in the unfitted points for WQS was more than 1.0, and the mean values for turbidity and color in points unfitted for WQS were 2.38 nephelometric turbidity unit and 16.25 color unit, respectively. Conclusions: The HQ for fluorine, nitrate nitrogen and boron was more than 1.0 in points unfitted for WQS among SWW in Gyeongnam area, and the turbidity and the color degree exceeded WQS, which mean that there is a possibility of harmful impacts on the human health.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 대구 G정수장 막여과 정수처리시설을 계획하기 위해 원수수질 처리에 적합하고 경제적인 시스템을 적용하고자 현장모형실험을 통하여 동절기를 포함한 6개월 동안의 연속운전에 따른 수량과 수질, 그리고 공정의 안정성을 평가하였다. 환경부 막여과 정수시설의 설치기준에 의해 실시된 현장모형실험에서 1계열 목표수질 검증설비와 2계열 막공정 평가설비로 나누어 2계열로 수행되었다. 공정수질은 탁도 0.03 NTU 이하로서, 증류수 수질의 탁도를 나타내었으며 먹는 물 수질기준을 모두 충족하였다. 공정운전에서 99%의 회수율로 안정된 막차압을 나타내어 공정운전에 수질 및 수온 등의 영향에 대비한 공정설계가 되었음을 확인하였다. 따라서 지속적인 기술개발을 통해 설계 및 시공 노하우에 대한 지속적인 경험이 축적되어 막여과 고도정수처리 기술에 대한 엔지니어링 원천기술을 확립하고자 한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to monitor and analyse water quality and soil property in paddy fields where untreated wastewater is irrigated. Three paddy fields where streamflow mixed with untreated wastewater has been irrigated (untreated wastewater district, UWD) were selected for monitoring, and five paddy fields in Yongin area (Yongin district, YID) where water from Idong agricultural reservoir (well-managed) has been irrigated were selected for comparative evaluation. Electronic conductivity (EC), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorous (T-P), $NO_3-N$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli of the irrigation water in the UWD were significantly higher than those in the YID. Relatively high concentrations of EC, T-N, T-P, TC, FC, E. coli, copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and aluminium (Al) were shown in the irrigation water of the UWD especially during May to June. In general, the paddy soil in the UWD contained more Pb, Zn, and Cu than in the YID although the soil heavy metal contents in the UWD still meet the Korean soil contamination warning standards. No temporal trends in the heavy metal concentrations were found in paddy soils of the UWD. This study showed that the use of untreated wastewater to paddy fields has the possibility of negative impacts on water quality and soil, although long-term monitoring is needed to fully evaluate its effects.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2011

수질오염총량관리제는 유역에 설정된 오염물질 항목별 목표수질을 만족할 수 있도록 배출부하량을 총량적으로 관리하기 위해서 도입되었다. 그 동안 4대강 수계를 대상으로 수질오염총량관리제를 시행하면서 여러 가지 문제점이 발생되었다. 이러한 문제점들이 일부 보완되었지만, 아직도 중앙정부와 지방자치단체간의 역할에 대한 부분은 명확하게 정립되어 있지않다. 따라서 본 연구는 수질오염총량관리제의 효율적인 시행을 위한 중앙정부와 지방자치단체간의 역할을 제시하였다. 먼저, 중앙정부는 국가하천의 주요지점에 수질기준 및 대상항목을 포함하는 환경기준을 설정하고, 지방자치단체는 해당유역에서 대상항목의 목표수질을 설정해야 한다. 또한, 지방자치단체는 지류하천의 수질개선정도를 파악하기 위하여 하천의 수질 및 유량모니터링을 지속적으로 시행하여야 한다. 특히, 중앙정부의 유역환경청은 전체 수계를 대상으로 수질오염총량관리 기본계획을 수립하여야 하며, 지방자치단체는 목표수질을 초과하는 단위유역을 대상으로 시행계획을 수립하여야 한다. 수질 오염총량관리 이행평가는 기초자치단체에서 지류하천의 수질 및 유량을 모니터링을 통하여 매년마다 단위유역의 목표수질 만족여부 만을 평가해야 한다. 수질오염총량관리 이행평가보고서는 단위유역의 목표수질 초과에 대한 원인분석을 포함하여 계획기간 최종년도에 유역환경청에 제출하여야 한다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

This paper aims to suggest ways of institutionally improving standards that must be applied when installing Water Reclamation/Reuse (WRR) system based on efficiency analysis. Currently, the standard for WRR system establishment requires that the system should treat more than 10% of used water in the building of over $60,000m^2$ in total area of all floors, but our research has found that it would be more effective to change the standard to $150-m^3-per-day$ reclaimed water or the total area of all floors of $30,000m^2$ ($50,000m^2$ in the case of an office building). In other words, what this paper suggests is not a one-size-fits-all standard based on the total area of all floors, but a reasonable and flexible standard that takes into account efficiency and a unit water usage according to a building's purpose. Furthermore, this paper recommends a new WRR standard that can be applied to large-scale land development for housinglots, like the New Town. The recommendation is based on the economic analysis that the WRR system will ensure efficiency only if the amount of reclaimed water is over 4,000 tons per day, which corresponds to 4 millions square meters of housinglots. Regarding the size of the established facility, this paper suggests changing the standard, which is now set at over 10% of water usage, to what is relative to the total amount of use of reclaimed water in order to ensure efficiency and promote use of reclaimed water. In addition, this paper proposes that governmental support should be offered not only to facility owners, who are recipients at present, but also to facility builders. By doing so, those who donate a facility to the government, central or local, after building it, can be provided with substantial aid. Therefore, the application of the institutional improvement suggested in this paper is expected to create environment-friendly living conditions and boost the quality of life by encouraging people to secure water resources efficiently in buildings, and in a wider range, in cities.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

아산만 해역으로 방류수가 배출될 경우, 생태-유체역학모델을 이용하여 아산만 해역의 장기 수질변화를 예측하였다. 생태-유체역학 모델은 해수유동 시뮬레이션을 위한 다층모델과 수질시뮬레이션을 위한 생태계모델로 구성되어 있다. 생태-유체역학모델을 이용하여 아산만해역의 장기 수질을 예측한 결과, 5개 정점에서 화학적산소요구량, 용존무기질소 및 용존무기인의 농도분포는 현재 계산결과에서 6개월 동안 증가하였다. 수치실험 수행시간 1년에서 2년 사이에서는 화학적 산소요구랑, 용존무기질소, 용존무기인의 농도분포는 6개월 동안 증가한 농도분포가 차츰 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 3년에서 10년 사이에서는 일정한 농도분포를 보였다. 화학적 산소요구량, 용존무기질소 및 용존무기인의 농도는 $11{\sim}67%$, $10{\sim}67%$ 및 0.57%의 범위로 증가하였다. 10년 동안의 수치 실험 결과 화학적산소요구량과 용존무기질소의 변화 폭이 크게 나타났으며 이는 하수처리장의 방류수 중 이 두 오염부하량이 많은 양을 차지하고 있기 때문이다. 아산만 연안해역에서 화학적산소요구량, 총질소, 총인의 농도는 해역수질환경기준 II등급으로 조사되었으나, 하수처리장의 방류수가 배출될 경우 사업지구 인근의 아산만 방조제 부근에서는 해역수질환경기준 III등급으로 나타났다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1994

An analytical method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed for quantitation of water soluble vitamin contents in various vitamin products. The method includes the optimization of separation of 11 water soluble vitamins changing the micellar concentration and pH of running buffer, applied voltage and sample preparation. Best resolution was obtained with 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH=8.0) containing 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as micellar phase. At optimum condition, water soluble vitamins were determined in orange juice and vitamin products such as vitamin C pulvis, vitamin injection, coated multivitamin tablet. The quantitative analysis of water soluble vitamins with CE was suitable for quality control of pharmaceutical products with sound reproducibility.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2014

A pilot plant (Q=5 $m^3/d$) study was implemented for small and medium sized personal wastewater treatment plant effluent to evaluate MBR and A/O processes utilizing self-sufficient energy composed of wind and solar energy. The removal efficiencies of BOD, SS, turbidity and color were sufficient for legal water quality standards for gray water. However, those of nitrogen and phosphorus could not meet legal regulations which suggested that further removal of those contaminants were needed for reuse of the treated water. Self-sufficient energy rate was 100 % for the pilot plant due to excessive design capacity. In this research, wind and solar energy system was applied considering geological characteristics, which significantly improved energy self-sufficiency. Substantial improvement on energy self-sufficiency can be obtained by optimized investment and operation at a full scale wastewater treatment plant.