• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2015

Domestic road and railroad construction have been increasingly growing and for reasons of mitigating traffic congestion, urban plan and refurbishment project, deeper and longer tunnels have been built. The event of fire is the most fatal accident in a tunnel, and it can be very disastrous with a high possibility. In this study, QRA (Quantitative Risk Analysis) which is one of quantitative risk analysis approaches was applied to tunnel fire safety design and the evaluation of QRA cases and the cost comparison of QRA methods were carried out. In addition analysis of risk reduction effect of tunnel fire safety system was conducted using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the priority of major factors that could mitigate the risk in tunnel fire was presented. As a result, significant cost reduction effect could be obtained by incorporating QRA and it is expected to design fire safety system rationally. The priority of fire safety system based on risk mitigation effect by fire safety system considering the cost is in order of water pipe, emergency lighting, evacuation passage and smoke control system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.310-316
• /
• 2015

The intertidal area in Lake Sihwa formed after operation of Sihwa-Lake tidal power plant and the change of the area in Lake Sihwa by period were analyzed. For computation of the intertidal area, remote sensing techniques were applied and high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was generated with root mean square (rms) error 14.4 cm. The intertidal area was $165.1km^2$ in 1910s, $115.2km^2$ in 1991 before completion of Sihwa dyke, $5.6km^2$ in 2010 during the period on operation of sluice gate, and $20.3km^2$ in 2013 after operation of Sihwa tidal power plant. Intertidal in Lake Sihwa was nearly dissipated after completion of Sihwa dyke, but significantly increased with operation of Sihwa tidal power plant from April 2012 as developing a regular tide environment and increasing of sea water flux. The re-formation of tidal flat of Sihwa Lake is an uncommon case. This study that precisely analyzed on the area of artificially formed Sihwa tidal flat would be applicable for management and making conservation plan.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.537-544
• /
• 2017

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the propagation distance of a flood wave considering the levee failure speed in a flat inundation area. The Ritter solution for one dimensional flow was considered to formulate the experimental results and a representative form with coefficients of k and m, which consider the three dimensional flow characteristics, was applied. The experiments showed that the propagation velocity of the wave front in the inundation area was influenced by the levee breach speed as well as the initial water level, which is a significant variable representing the flood wave behavior. In addition, coefficients k and m are not constants, but variables that vary with levee breach speed. An empirical formula was also suggested using the experimental results in the form of the relationships between k and m. In this study, a large-scale experiment for flood inundation was carried out to examine the behavior of flooding in the inundated area and the relationships between the levee breach speed and wave-front propagation velocity were suggested based on the experimental results. These research results are expected to be used as the baseline data to draw a flow inundation map, establish an emergency action plan, and verify the two-dimensional numerical model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2015

After the great King Munmu constructed Donggung-palace and Wolji-pond in 674, original landscape could not be estimated due to lack of related materials for some 1,250 years until it was surveyed in 1922. Accordingly, the study, to estimate changes of Wolji-pond landscape more accurately, analyzed the study of Hara(1932) and pictures in the Japanese ruling period etc. - these had not been studied so far. The study results are as follows. As a result of comparing survey maps of 1922 and one of 1975, it was found that during 53 years, whole area excluding island showed eroded part by 2~4m, severely, there was mounding area which was lowered by 10m. And it was identified through survey map of 1922 and pictures of the 1950's that inside southern shore protection of the No. 1 construction site were many landscape-stones(景石) which can make imagine a hill; here was water path. Trace of such path etc. remained just before excavation. 2) The construction site No. 3 and 5 in peak shape were higher than construction site No. 1, 2, and 4. Accordingly, there is high possibility that construction stood on high stylobate. So it is wrong that construction site No. 3 and 5 are restored in same height as other construction sites. Comprehensive restoration basic plan made in 2012 was also wrong. As a result of estimating changes of landscape through pictures before excavation of Wolji-pond, the author could identify changes of landscape in mound area and pumice stones which showed much changes in drawing. The study has limit due to lack of space. But if more pictures can be analyzed, it could further help for estimating original landscape of Wolji-pond.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine prerequisite-program performance of the hospital foodservice operation and develop measures for improvement of prerequisite-program performance. Methods: Data were collected through surveys administered to 168 hospital dieticians in the Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Daegu, and North Gyeongsang areas. Out of total questionnaires, 65 questionnaires were usable and the response rate was 38.7%. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS program (ver 20.0) for ${\chi}^2-test$ and one-way ANOVA. Results: According to the result of the prerequisite-program evaluation, the percentage of 'appropriate', 'needs to be improved', and 'inappropriate' was 44.6%, 47.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. The score for the 'inappropriate' group was significantly lower than that of the 'appropriate' group or 'needs to be improved' group on the food safety management (p < 0.001), preparation facility management (p < 0.001), water management (p < 0.001), and storage transportation management (p < 0.05) parts. Holding rate of foodservice facility and equipments in the 'appropriate' group were significantly higher than in the others on convection oven (p < 0.01), air conditioner (p < 0.01), three-compartment sink (p < 0.01), hot-holding equipment (p < 0.01), cold-holding equipment (p < 0.05), exclusive thawing refrigerator (p < 0.05), and sterilizer for sanitary shoes (p < 0.05) items. Conclusion: To improve the quality of hospital foodservice, foodservice managers and HACCP specialists should develop and implement a prerequisite-program and a HACCP plan considering the characteristics of the hospital foodservice operation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and habitat feature of Glehnia littoralis as a part of establishment of conservation plan for important natural agro-plant resources in South Korea. Habitat of Glehnia littoralis was generally found 28.2 m from high tide water line and 2.7 m above sea level at sand dunes near three seashore areas. Density and coverage of Glehnia littoralis were higher in east seashore among three seashore areas. The number of plant species growing with Glehnia littoralis in natural habitat was found 35 species. Among 35 species Ixeris repens Carex pumila, Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Ischaemum anthephoroides, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii were shown higher density and coverage. Average yearly precipitation and temperature of habitat for Glehnia littoralis were 1250.3 mm and $12.5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Among three seashores, the precipitation and temperature of south seashore were much more and higher than those of other two seashores. Soil characteristics of habitat for Glehnia littoralis were that average pH was 7.9 and organic matter was 0.23%. Content $P_2O_5$ and Ca were relatively higher, but the level K and Na were very low.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2006

Local governments began to construct geographic information system to improve government productivity and performance. In support, central government organized a national commission for GIS. The master plan by NGIS has been the base for local government to participate in the construction of GIS at the local level in the under ground facilities management including water and sewers. The challenge faced by sewer facility managers includes controlling 'data accuracy'. The input for sewer data handling for efficient performance in local government requires accurate data. However data manipulation to get the 'good quality' data can be burdensome. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide the appropriate tool to guarantee the high quality of digital data in sewer facility management. It is helpful to pass the data examination by government as well as to insure confidence of decision and data analysis works in local government. In this research, error types of sewer data were classified and pointed the limitation of traditional examination methods. Thus this research suggested more improved method for finding and correcting errors in data input using sewer volume analysis and prediction model as immigrating sewer facility management work to Geographic Information System.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.119-131
• /
• 2003

Rainfall-runoff process is under the control of hydrologic parameters having temporal and spatial variety. Accordingly, it is difficult to efficiently deal them since many parameters and various information are required to perform hydrologic simulation. So the purposes of this study is to estimate the runoff volume by frequency using GIS techniques and NRCS method. The analysis of frequency rainfall is analyzed using FARD 2002 program and the result of goodness of fit test show that Log-pearson type III is suitable distribute type for the applied area. TOPAZ program used for the analysis of DEM data examining into geological characteristic. NRCS curve numbers estimated using landuse map and soil map for the estimation of effective rain fall in the basin. The storm Type II and Type III were used as the type for the application of NRCS. The result of application show that the runoff volumes above 80 years frequency in return period have similar patterns regardless of Type II and Type III. In addition, the results of comparison with runoff volumes by frequency in the report of river improvement master plan show that it have similar volumes as the relative errors for them of 80, 100 years frequency are each 7.65%, 5.33%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.891-894
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to investigate how to design, where to construct, why to degrade, what plan to use systematically the underground structures such as underpass, underground passageways. About 50% of the underground structures are located on Seoul, Kyungi-Do. In design of the underground structures such as underpass, underground passageways, the required conditions are defined. And also in construction stage, the conditions of soil, required structure depth, site characteristics, reasonable construction method, are investigated. In the selection of details for underground structure, the items mainly considered, are the wall and column type, the sidewalk type, anchoring-system type, the water-proofing method, entranc shape. The reason and the adequate measures for the degradation of concrete structure are also investigated. The initial cracking properties due to the thermal characteristic are considered. The state of the art report on the new technologies are reviewed. The recent project for the systematically application to the underground structures is reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.76 no.3
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 1987

The U.S. Forest Service administers the world's largest forestry research organization. From its modest beginning in 1876, some 30 years before the United States national forest system was established, the research branch has devoted its effort to meet current and future information needs of the forestry community of the United States, not just for the U.S. Forest Service. The research branch is one of three major administrative units of the U.S. Forest Service. The others being the National Forest System and State and Private Forestry. Currently the National Forest System comprises 155 national forests, 19 national grasslands, and 18 utilization projects located in 44 states. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The National Forest System manages these areas for a large array of uses and benefits including timber, water, forage, wildlife, recreation, minerals, and wilderness. It is through the State and Private Forestry branch that the U.S. Forest Service cooperates and coordinates forestry activities and programs with state and local governments, forest industries, and private landowners. These activities include financial and technical assistance in disease, insect, and fire protection ; plan forestry programs ; improve harvesting and marketing practices ; and transfer forestry research results to user groups. Forestry research is carried out through eight regional Forest Experiment Stations and the Forest Product Laboratory. Studies are maintained at 70 administrative sites, and at 115 experimental forest and grasslands. All of the current sciences that composed modern forestry are included in the research program. These range from forest biology (i. e. silviculture, ecology, physiology, and genetics) to the physical, mathematical, engineering, managerial, and social sciences. The levels of research range from application, developmental, and basic research. Research planning and priority identification is an ongoing process with elements of the research program changing to meet short-term critical information needs(i. e. protection research) to long-term opportunities(i. e. biotechnology). Research planning and priority setting is done in cooperation with National Forest Systems, forest industries, universities, and individual groups such as environmental, wilderness, or wildlife organizations. There is an ongoing review process of research administration, organization, and science content to maintain quality of research. In the U.S. Forest Service the research responsibility is not completed until the new information is being applied by the various user group : I. e. technology transfer program. Research planning and development in the U.S. Forest Service is a dynamic activity. Porgrams for the year 2000 and beyond are now in the planning stage.