• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1216-1221
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• 2012

This study is aimed to investigate microbiological contamination of Angelica gigas Nakai. A total of 111 samples including root, soil, and irrigation water were collected from farms and market to detect aerobic bacteria, Bacillus cereus, coliform, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes,. Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The contaminations of aerobic bacteria, coliform, and Bacillus cereus in the root during cultivation were found 6.71 log CFU $g^{-1}$, 4.13 log CFU $g^{-1}$, and 3.54 log CFU $g^{-1}$, respectively. The contamination of coliform and B. cereus were detected in all steps from harvesting to processing, with the highest count recorded from the cutting step. In marketing, the contaminations of aerobic bacterial, coliform, and B. cereus were 5.5~6.0 log CFU $g^{-1}$, 2.4~2.6 log CFU $g^{-1}$, and 3.5~4.0 log CFU $g^{-1}$, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in any of samples. This result indicated that hygienic soil management and post harvest management should be performed to reduce the contamination of hazard microorganisms and to produce safe agro-products.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.45-61
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• 2015

The river environment in Korea has changed significantly after the completion of the Four Major Rivers Project due to the outdated river management methods and thus, it is necessary to modify the current river management process. A typical example of this management is dredging but it is a method that usually results in socio-environmental side effects. Therefore, in order to minimize the socio-environmental impacts of dredging, Korea is currently applying the Environmental Windows, a management practice currently being used in the United States that eliminates the risk of potentially harmful impacts of dredging. The use of statistical methods was suggested to address the issue of data insufficiency and this methodology was applied in the downstream part of the Gangjeong-Goryeong weir located within the Nakdong river basin. The results show that when performing a month of dredging, the optimal period is March whereas the optimal month to start dredging is August in case of an eight-month dredging project. If Korea's flood season is also considered for an eight-month dredging process, then October is the optimal month to start dredging. Non-structural methods such as the Environmental Windows reduce maintenance costs and also bring only short-term side effects to the environment, as opposed to structural methods such as the development of environmentally-friendly dredging machine. Given that few studies have explored this topic in Korea, the findings and suggestions could serve as basic data in studying river dredging in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2008

Pollutant unit load developed by Ministry of Environment (MOE) in 1995 has been a tool commonly used for water quality management and environmental policy decision. In spite of the convenience of the method in application, the shortcoming of the method has been criticized especially for nonpoint source pollution from paddy field. In this paper the estimation procedures of pollutant unit load from paddy field in the major river basins (Han, Nakdong, Geum, and Youngsan river) were investigated, and some suggestions of improvement measures of the unit-load estimation were made. The investigation showed that the distributions of rainfall, run-off, and run-off ratio, which are the most important factors affecting discharge amount of pollutants, were not similar among river basins. Such differences seemed to result in a greater unit loads estimation at Han river and at Nakdong river watersheds compared to the others. Therefore, it is not likely to be rationale to compare unit load among the watersheds without consideration of such differences. We conclude that estimation of unit-load through an intensive monitoring of pollutant discharge is crucial for better estimation of unit-load. When such an intensive monitoring is not easy due to labor and expense restriction, we suggest that unit-load should be estimated based on the storm-events which is a representative rainfall-runoff event of the area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.581-588
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• 2014

The purpose of this study aims guarana ingestion to possibly be Ergogenic Aids(EA) for elite male athletes who do long time exercises. Participators who play long distance belong to H-university. They are measured HRmax by polar and treadmill, and they do run on the treadmill for 60 minutes with HRmax 70%. Participators ingest 200ml guarana and water for 5 times. They were drawn blood for 3 time such as before 30 minutes, after finish, and after 30 minutes later. Data processing was repeated of the measuring, two way repeated ANOVA, according to guarana ingestion, water ingestion, and treatment time. The result of this study identifies that guarana ingestion is more positive effect with glucose, Free fatty acid, and lactic acid than water. Hence, guarana ingestion is including function of EA to increase reserving energy on the body for rising kinetic ability.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.397-403
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• 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the free amino acid and derivatives and phenolic acid and flavonoid compositions and contents of hot water and 95% ethanol extracts of Imperata cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii root. The purpose of this study is to obtain basic data and to confirm their applicability as functional cosmetic and functional food ingredients on extracts. 15 kinds and 9 kinds of free amino acids were detected in both extracts, respectively. 5 kinds and 4 kinds of protein free-amino acid derivatives were detected in both extracts, respectively. Total phenol contents were 116.50 ± 0.06 and 140.10 ± 0.04 mg% in both extracts, respectively. The total flavonoid contents were 31.80 ± 0.03 and 43.90 ± 0.05 mg% in both extracts, respectively. 5 kinds and 6 kinds of phenolic acids were detected in both extracts, respectively. In the case of flavonoid analysis, no flavonoid compound was detected in the hot water extract while taxifolin was identified in the 95% ethanol extract. Based on the above results, the hot water and 95% ethanol extracts of I. cylindrica Beauvois var. koenigii root are rich in free amino acids, amino acid derivatives, phenolic acids and flavonoids which confirm their potential for applications in cosmeceuticals, nutricosmetics formulations and functional foods.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.80-93
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• 2018

Research trend about nonpoint pollution source(NPS) that have studied since 1980 was divided into 4 categories: 1) runoff characteristics of NPS, 2) treatment technique, 3) LID and green infrastructure(GI), 4) management practices and policy. This study reviews them and recommends the future research direction. The research on runoff characteristics of NPS until 2010 was mainly carried out. But recently, many researchers has been conducting studies on technology development, effect evaluation and field application. Providing best measures on NPS should be tried to conduct studies that many fields such as society, geography, meteorology and environment are fused. But it has not been enough yet. Because the cause material and optimum measures of NPS are different from each other regionally, it is considered that it needs studies to prepare measures and guidelines with regional characteristics rather than a uniform measures and guidelines by the central government. In addition, more comprehensive studies must be carried out to establish rules and regulations to manage NPS not only by government sector but also the private sector.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.395-400
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• 2019

Contemporary society, the era of the 4th industrial revolution, has been enjoying a boom in the cosmetics industry due to the launch of cosmetics through new technology development due to the interest in the beauty industry. However, the cosmetics industry is booming, but dry eye syndrome, skin trouble, Hormonal disturbances, and many other side effects. In order to prove the universal use value of pine needles as a natural cosmetic material that can complement the side effects of existing chemical ingredients cosmetics harmful to human body, and to propose a roll model of desirable natural cosmetics, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS assay, and flavonoid content were studied. The results showed that both the DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activity increased in both the $70^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ pine water hot water extracts. The extracts from the pine tree extracts at $70^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ showed $32.0{\pm}2.5mg\;QE/ml$ and 116.8 A total flavonoid of ${\pm}5.5mg\;QE/ml$ was detected. Therefore, it is considered that the pine needle hydrothermal extract having a large amount of antioxidant which is advantageous to human body is highly applicable as a natural cosmetic material harmless to the human body.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2021

In order to understand the seasonal variations of species composition of fish in the Goseong, middle East Sea of Korea, we surveyed fish fauna using set net during 2 years. In this study, a total of 77 taxa belonging to 40 families were collected and 75 species were identified. The dominant family were Tetraodontidae and Pleuronectidae, and the dominant species were Arctoscopus japonicus, Konosirus punctatus, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Thamnaconus modestus, and Trachurus japonicus. The results of the hierarchical clustering using the number of individuals of collected species showed that they are divided into three seasonal groups: Group A (Jan.~Apr.), Group B (May~Jun., Nov.~Dec.), Group C (Jul.~Oct.). The sea surface temperature (SST) was higher than the results of previous studies in winter and spring, and species composition in spring have changed from cold-water species to the warm-water species, recently. The species composition has become similar to the that of southern Gangwon-do regions (Samcheok and Gangneung) of the previous studies. The species diversity of family Tetraodontidae has increased, which is estimated to have an effect on increase in SST and the quantity of entering the East Sea. Therefore, we assumed that the change of species composition is related to the extension of northern distribution limits and survival temperature, and abundant preys. Therefore, it is necessary that an efficient resource management policy as well as the ways of commercially use of migratory warm-water fish, rapidly.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.171-183
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• 2023

Estuarine wetlands, which form a distinctive brackish water zone, serve as important habitats for organisms that have adapted to and thrive in this environment. Nonetheless, excessive development and utilization result in artificial disruptions that alter the distinctive functions and attributes of estuarine wetlands. To collect the basic data for the conservation of estuarine wetlands with excellent ecosystems, we investigated the vegetation distribution characteristics and biota status of the Taehwagang River Estuarine Wetland. Data from vegetation surveys have shown that 25 plant communities of six physiognomic vegetation types, including willow vegetation, lotic and lentic herbaceous vegetation, floating/submerged vegetation. In the upper reaches, where topographical diversity was high, various types of wetland vegetation were distributed. In terms of biodiversity, a total of 696 species, including 7 endangered wildlife species, were identified. Due to good ecological connectivity, tidal rivers are formed, brackish water species including various functional groups are distributed around this section. The inhabitation of various water birds, such as diving and dabbler ducks, were confirmed according to the aquatic environment of each river section. The collection of ecological information of the Taehwagang River Estuarine Wetland can be used as a framework for establishing the basis for conservation and management of the estuarine ecosystem and support policy establishment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2015

Recently the water quality management policy gives priority to management the point source. Point pollution sources have definite emission points and are discharged to one point through a pipe. But Nonpoint pollution source (NPS) has uncertain pathway, pollutant load and runoff characteristics unlike point pollution sources, making them difficult to manage. Thus, the Korea government plans to develop and equip facilities that help reduce NPS so as to manage them more easily. But removal efficiency of Best Management Practice (BMPs) is in influenced by rainfall, hydrologic condition like natural phenomenon, so factors of removal efficiency are difficult. Thus there is a need for multilateral research about many factors that affect removal efficiency for removal facility design of proper non-point pollution. In this research, mapping, vegetation coverage and retention time were investigated in the case of factors that affect removal efficiency in grassed swale, a nature-type non-point removal facility. Grassed swale obtained changed of coverage using Braun-Blanquet within swale and retention time was obtained from point that rainfall effluent enters into swale to the time that first outflow starts. Besides, correlation analysis was obtained using pearson correlation analysis method. As a result, it was shown that removal efficiency increases as retention time is longer in grassed swale and that retention time increases as vegetation coverage is higher.