• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2002

Objectives: We identified the effects of Jingansikpung-tang, (JGSPT), derived from therapy on closed head trama(CHT)-induced brain edema and neurologial disturbance symptom in rats. Methods : We used a drop device and induced CHT. We divided the animals into 3 groups. They were JGSPT 1 group (Administered JGSPT 96.5mg/kr through anal far one hour after using CHT) and JGSPT 2 group(Administered JGSPT 386mg/kg through anal for one hour after using CHT) Then, we tested neurological severity score(NSS), water content of brain and haematological changes. Result : aNSS increased significantly in JGSPT 1 and JGSPT 2 as compared to the controlled group, and the change of water content which was pulled out of the right hemisphere from the left hemisphere decreased in JGSPT 1 and JGSPT 2 as compared to the controlled group. The lactate level in serum decreased in JGSPT 1 and JGSPT 2 as compared to the controlled group, which showed no efficacy. Glucose level in serum increased in JGSPT 1 and JGSPT 2 as compared to the controlled group, only JGSPT 2 showed no efficacy. Conclusions : JGSPT, caused by Anal Therapy and effect on CHT-induced brain edema and neurological symptom.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.603-609
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal operation conditions in an anoxic oxic process to eliminate both organic and nitrogen matters in swine wastewater. For the purpose of this, the removal efficiency was evaluated with various HRTs and internal recycling ratio. During the whole 580 days of experiment, HRTs had been gradually decreased in an order of 20, 14, 12 and l0days, and the internal recycle ratio was kept at 20Q. So as to determine the effect of the internal recycle ratio on the nitrogen removal, the internal recycle ratio had been gradually increased from 20Q to 50Q while HRT was maintained at 12days. As a result, it was shown that the removal efficiency of organic matter was above 95% regardless of changing of HRTs. The average influent concentration of TCODcr and SCODcr were 24,854 mg/L and 18,920 mg/L, respectively. Average removal efficiency of TKN was shown to be nearly 98% when HRT was kept at 12days; however, the $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration of effluent was shown to be increased when the loading rate of $NH_4{^+}-N$ was increased to $0.602 kgNH_4{^+}-N/m^3$-day by means of decreasing HRT to 10days. It was concluded that nitrogen loading rates should be more considered rather than organic loading rates in case of determining an optimal HRT. When gradually increasing the internal recycle ratio from 20Q to 50Q, the removal efficiency of organic matters and TKN were 96% and 98%, respectively so that no significant changes in removal efficiency was detected. However, when the internal recycle ratio was kept at 50Q, it was revealed that the $NO_3-N$ concentration of effluent seemed to drop and the average $NO_3-N$ concentration of effluent was around 52 mg/L.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

In an oscillating water column (OWC)-type wave energy conversion system, the performance of the OWC chamber depends on the chamber shape, as well as the incident wave direction and pressure drop produced by the turbine. Although the previous studies on OWC chambers have focused on wave absorbing performance in ideal operating conditions, incident waves do not always arrive normally to the OWC chamber in real sea conditions, especially in fixed devices. The present study deals with experiments and numerical calculations to investigate the effects of wave direction on the performance of the OWC chamber. The experiments were carried out in a three-dimensional wave basin for five different wave directions, including the effect of turbine using the corresponding orifice. The wave elevation inside the chamber was measured at the center point under various incident wave conditions. The numerical study was conducted by using a numerical wave tank-based volume-of-fluid model to compare the results with experimental data and to reveal the detailed flows around the chamber.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.928-934
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of making functional sulgitteok with Goami 2 rice, which is a rich that is high in dietary fiber. Sulgitteok was made by adding various amounts of Goami powder(25, 50, 75, and 100 %) to rice powder. Then, the sensory tests and other tests to measure color, texture and hardness were examined as a function of time and the moisture content in sulgitteok was measured to determine the quality and characteristics of different types of sulgitteok. The conclusions of these tests were as follows : In the sensory evaluation preference test of sulgitteok made with various amounts of Goami powder, the overall preference was the highest in sulgitteok made with 50% Goami powder (S2). In the difference test, the higher the amount of added Goami powder, the lower the grades were. The S4 group, which was made with Gomai powder, had a strongly unique odor compared with those made with rice powder, which smelled weaker. In terms of the color values of Gomai added sulgitteok, the higher the amount of added Gomai powder, the lower the lightness value of sulgitteok, where group S4 had the lowest value. In addition, the S4 group, which was made with Goami powder, had the hightest red and yellow color. The texture test indicated that sulgitteok containing a large amount of Goami powder were considerably harder compared with the control group. While every group containing Goami powder (S1, S2, S3 and S4) became harder during the first to the third day of the test, their hardness tended to drop after longer storage times. In the control group, the hardness continued to grow from the start up to the fifth day. After five days' there was a noticeable change in the moisture content in the different types of sulgitteok, with more water evaporating in the S3, S2, and S1 groups than in the S4 groups, which contained the highest amount of Goami powder. Group C, which contained no Goami powder, had the largest water evaporation. Sulgitteok that contained more Goami powder turned out to be more savory than baekseolgi made solely of rice powder. However, they were less preferable overall, since they were rated lower in terms of color, texture and other characteristics. Therefore, utilize Goami tteok as a functional ingredient in food for people with diabetes or obesity, further studies on additives that can provide a sticky texture and favorable color should be conducted. In addition, different types of ttoek such as pounded or boiled ones may be preferable to sulgitteok.

• Solar Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 1995

The Direct Contact heat Exchanger(DCHX) has been widely studied in the chemical industry for many years due to its inherent simplicity as a counter-current divice for heat and mass transfer. In many solar systems, the DCHX unit can be combined with the thermal storage unit, or alternatively, it can be used separately from the storage unit, much like an external(to storage) closed heat exchanger system. In the present work, the spray column type of direct contact heat exchangers are studied extensively to harness the solar energy for hot water and spaced heating. Some of the major considerations that are involved in the design of heat exchangers in this study are that : working fluid is a hydrocaabon(such as Texaterm) or water which is either lighter or heavier than storage medium. The experimental data have revealed some interesting characteristics concerning the application of DCHXs for solar energy utilization. These experiments are carried out in the line of solar heating system, major results are as follows : 1) the flow and aspect of working fluid drop for maxium heat transfer 2) efficiency and volumetric heat transfer coefficient of D.C.H.X with a heavier working fluid are higher than those of D.C.H.X with a lighter working fluid.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2006

In this study, a high sensitive giant magnetoresistance-spin valve (GMR-SV) bio-sensing device with high linearity and very low hysteresis was fabricated by photolithography and ion beam deposition sputtering system. Detection of the Fe-hemoglobin inside in a red blood and magnetic nanoparticles using the GMR-SV bio-sensing device was investigated. Here a human's red blood includes hemoglobin, and the nanoparticles are the Co-ferrite magnetic particles coated with a shell of amorphous silica which the average size of the water-soluble bare cobalt nanoparticles was about 9 nm with total size of about 50 nm. When 1 mA sensing current was applied to the current electrode in the patterned active GMR-SV devices with areas of $5x10{\mu}m^2 $ and $2x6{\mu}m^2 $, the output signals of the GMRSV sensor were about 100 mV and 14 mV, respectively. In addition, the maximum sensitivity of the fabricated GMR-SV sensor was about $0.1{\sim}0.8%/Oe$. The magnitude of output voltage signals was obtained from four-probe magnetoresistive measured system, and the picture of real-time motion images was monitored by an optical microscope. Even one drop of human blood and nanopartices in distilled water were found to be enough for detecting and analyzing their signals clearly.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.769-772
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• 2008

The problem of disposing construction waste materials has become a national and social problem. Recycled powder generated in the process of making aggregate, and the recycled powder is land-filled in its entirety. Results of toxicity testing of recycled power show that it contains base-pair substituent mutagenicity. As recycled powder is disposed of as landfill, it can cause secondary contamination such as soil and underground water contamination. There has been very little research made on recycled powder. This study has examined the utilization of concrete mixture by using recycled powder in a mixture instead of cement and compared and analyzed the characteristics of dynamics and workability. This study has examined the application of recycled powder in concrete. Depending on the replacement rate and workability, test piece was manufactured using different mixing rate by CP, WCP, PCP. The CP was used to examine the physical property of concrete and characteristics its dynamics. The letters W of WCP and P of PCP are the initials of water and mixture. They were made using the standard mixing ratiosemphasizing the workability to determine the characteristic of dynamics of concrete based on the mixing ratio of recycled powder. With the increase in the replacement rate, CP had very little change in the strength. But with the decline of slump, the workability was not good. The result of manufacturing WCP and PCP using the standard mixing ratio showed that WCP had a drop in strength compared to the plain. PCP had almost the same value as the plain only when the replacement rate was 10%. When it was higher than that, a reduction in strength was observed.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Dewatering process to remove water from pigment sludge was important in the diverse aspects of the improvement of product quality, curtailment of the drying cost and the transportation. It was difficult to dewater pigment particles with the mechanical forces because the size was fine under $5{\mu}m$. Thermal filter press dewatering equipment composed of squeezing plate and a fixed heating plate was developed to improve the dewaterability of pigment the sludge as supplying the heat from the fixed heating plate to the cake. Several tests that estimate the dewaterability for pigment sludge as with or without squeezing process and the difference of dewatering time was conducted with this equipment. Dewaterability of thermal dewatering under squeezing process was increased about 20% compared with non squeezing process. Under squeezing process, thermal dewatering tests changing dewatering time with 70 and 80 minute were conducted respectively. The water content of cake was more reduced at dewatering time of 80 minute compared with 70 minute, and dewatering velocity was also decreased, which caused the productivity of thermal filter press to drop. It was observed that clogging of filter cloth didn't almost occur because the liquid was discharged from cake layer easily. In this research, it was resulted that the squeezing process and long dewatering time were effective to improve the dewaterability of pigment sludge. So, this thermal filter press equipment was useful for dewatering the fine particle sludge like pigment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2006

The optimum culture conditions for the ice nucleating activity and the cell growth of Xanthomonas translucens KCTC 2751 were investigated. The optimum initial pH and temperature for the cell growth and the ice nucleating activity were 6.5 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimum culture medium for the ice nucleating activity was composed of 1.0% maltose, 1.4% yeast extract, 0.8% digested of gelatin, and 0.03% KCI in distilled water. Freezing operations carried out on distilled water showed that the degrees of supercooling were $-7.90^{\circ}C$ without ice nucleators, $-1.56^{\circ}C$ with silver iodide as a commercial ice nucleator, and $-1.36^{\circ}C$ when Xanthomonas translucens KCTC 2751 were added. During progressive freeze-concentration assays, the addition of Xanthomonas translucens KCTC 2751 led to lower saccharose concentrations in the crystals, while the cells led to higher saccharose concetrations in the concentrated phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2011

국내의 기능성 난연성 섬유 제조기술은 원사 자체에 난연제가 포함된 상태인 난연 PET 원사나, 일반 PET 원단에 후방염 처리한 원단이 사용되기에 난연 방염성능이 만족스럽지 못하고 친환경적이지 못한 실정이다. 오늘날 세계 난연섬유 시장 규모는 10조원에 이르고 있으며 국내에서도 화재에 대한 경각심이 높아지는 추세이므로 기능성을 갖춘 고부가가치 난연소재의 개발이 시급하다. 폴리페닐렌술피드(PPS)는 내열성 및 내화학약품성이 뛰어난 열가소성 고분자로 용융방사가 가능하다. 난연성이 높은 양모섬유 또는 아크릴계 난연섬유, 아라미드 섬유 등은 비용 문제로 범용화에 한계가 있으므로 비교적 저렴한 PPS 섬유가 개발될 경우 범용화를 기대할 수 있다. 현재는 PPS 섬유가 특수한 용도에 주로 사용되고 있으나 우수한 난연 특성을 이용하여 일반 용도로의 사용 및 수요가 급격히 늘어날 것으로 예상되며 우선적으로 인테리어용 원단, 특히 커튼이나 소파용 원단으로 용도 전개가 가능할 것으로 판단하였다. 본 연구에서는 소파용 PPS 원단의 후가공 조건의 선정 및 불소계 발수방오가공을 위한 최적의 조건을 선정하고자 하였다. Padding(wet pick up율 $80{\pm}3%$)-Drying($105^{\circ}C$, 2.5min)-Curing은 시간은 1분으로 고정시킨 후, 온도를 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, $200^{\circ}C$에서 처리하여 Yellowness값을 측정한 결과, 온도가 높아질수록 Yellowness값이 커지는 것으로 미루어 보아 PPS원단은 높은 열에 영향을 받아 황변 현상이 일어나는 것으로 사료된다. 특히 $180^{\circ}C$를 기점으로 값에 큰 변화를 보였으므로 최적의 열처리 온도는 $170^{\circ}C$로 선정하여 이후의 실험을 진행하였다. 또한 큐어링 시간이 황변에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 온도에 의한 영향에 비해 적은 편으로 사료되었으나, 1.5min을 기점으로 Yellowess값이 높아졌으므로 최적의 열처리 시간을 1분으로 선정하였다. 최종 가공조건인 $170^{\circ}C$, 1분에서 처리한 시험포는 처리전 원단과 비교하였을 때, ${\Delta}$Yellowness가 2.84 정도로 나타났다. 그 후, PPS 원단에 불소가공제 (TG-991N, 동인텍스켐)의 적정 농도를 선정하기 위해 1~7%까지 농도를 높이며 처리한 결과, 불소가공제의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 황변현상이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 농도가 높아짐에 따라 Yellowness값은 증가하다가 4% 이후 완만해지는 것을 알 수 있었으므로 IPA/Water Drop test와 발수도시험 (KS K 0590;2008)을 통해 적정 농도를 선정하였다. PPS 원단은 불소가공제의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 발수도가 우수해졌으며, 가공제 농도 3% 처리만으로도 우수한 발수도를 나타내었으나 100% 발수를 위해서는 가공제 농도가 5% 이상 처리되어야 하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.