• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.221-237
• /
• 2006

Domestic laws such as Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law which has been made and amended according to the conclusions and amendments of various international conventions, especially by MARPOL 73/78, were reviewed and compared with major contents of international conventions, and several alternative measures for legislating new laws or amending existing laws such as Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law in accordance with new contents and recent amendments of existing and new international conventions were proposed. Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78 has been recently accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law which should be applied to ships which are the moving point sources of air pollution at Sea rather than in Korea Air Environment Conservation Law which should be applied to automobiles and industrial installations which are the line and/or point sources of air pollution in land. International Convention for Ship's Ballast Water/Sediment Management should be accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law or by a new law in order to prevent domes marine ecosystem and costal environment from the invasion of harmful exotic species through the discharge of ship's ballast water. International Convention for the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on the Ships should be accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law which should be applied to ships which are navigating in open sea and coastal waters rather than in Korea Noxious Chemicals Management Law. Basel Convention which shall regulate and prohibit inter-nations movements of noxious chemical substances should be accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law in order to prevent the movement and transfer of scrap-purpose tanker ships containing bilge water of oil/water mixtures and chemicals remained on board from advanced countries to developing and/or underdeveloped countries and to conserve global marine environment after all.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.304-310
• /
• 2014

The conventional methods for total residual chlorine such as iodometry and DPD colorimetric can cause secondary pollution due to additional agents, also have a wide error range. As for alternative, electrochemical method can measure TRC(Total residual chlorine), and is not required as additional agents, also very suitable for using the fields of ballast water because test time is relatively fast. Therefore, this study was investigated for changing charge by agitation, salt concentration, and temperature change. Charge showed differences based on changes of reduction peak with or without agitation. In contrast, TRC and charge were well correlated in constant agitation speed. As TRC and charge were analyzed with high correlations in constant salinity and temperature of ocean, thereby conductivity was firstly measured, and charge had high correlation for TRC in spite of changing salinity and temperature Pt electrode revealed high reliability ($r^2=0.960$) because it was rarely effected by TRC, On the other hand, Au electrode appeared inadequate ($r^2=0.767$) to use sensor in less than 1.0 ppm of TRC. For high accuracy and detection of TRC, Pt and Au electrodes for test time were, respectively, 14 and 22 seconds. As a result, Pt electrode was more valuable than Au electrode in terms of response time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2004

Many ships in voyage experience weight and buoyancy distribution change by various reasons such as change of sea water density and waves, weather condition, and consumption of fuel, provisions, etc . The weight and buoyancy distribution change can bring the ships out of allowable trim, heeling angle. In these case, the ships should adjust trim and heeling angle by shifting of liquid cargo or ballasting, deballasting of ballast tanks for recovery of initial state or for a stable voyage. But, if the adjustment is performed incorrectly, ship's safety such as longitudinal strength, intact stability, propeller immersion, wide visibility, minimum forward draft cannot be secured correctly. So it is required that the adjustment of trim and heeling angle should be planned not by human operators but by optimization computer algorithm. To make an optimized plan to adjust trim and heeling angle guaranteeing the ship's safety and quickness of process, Uk! combined mechanical analysis and optimization algorithm. The candidate algorithms for the study were heuristic algorithm, meta-heuristic algorithm and uninformed searching algorithm. These are widely used in various kinds of optimization problems. Among them, heuristic algorithm $A^\ast$ was chosen for its optimality. The $A^\ast$ algorithm is then applied for the study. Three core elements of $A^\ast$ Algorithm consists of node, operator, evaluation function were modified and redefined. And we analyzed the $A^\ast$ algorithm by considering cooperation with loading instrument installed in most ships. Finally, the algorithm has been applied to tanker ship's various conditions such as Normal Ballast Condition, Homo Design Condition, Alternate Loading Condition, Also the test results are compared and discussed to confirm the efficiency and the usefulness of the methodology developed the system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.6D
• /
• pp.905-913
• /
• 2008

Recently, concrete tracks are introduced into high-speed railroads as an alternative to ballast tracks. Concrete tracks are superior to ballast tracks in the aspect of durability, maintenance and safety. However, deteriorated stiffness of railroad bed and settlement of soft ground induced by trapped or seepage water lead to problems in safety of train operation. In this research, flexural rigidity of concrete tracks was employed as an index of track displacement and a new seismic technique called FRACTAL (Flexural-Rigidity Assessment of Concrete Tracks by Antisymmetric Lamb Waves) method was proposed to delineate flexural rigidity of concrete tracks in a 2-D image. In this paper, to establish theoretical background, parametric research was performed using numerical simulations of stress-wave tests at concrete tracks. Feasibility of the FRACTAL technique was proved at a real concrete track for Korean high-speed trains. Validity of the FRACTAL technique was also verified by comparing the results of impulse-response tests performed at the same measurement array and the results of DC resistivity survey performed at a shoulder nearby the track.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.514-522
• /
• 2020

To understand the ecotoxicological differences between representative Skeletonema sp. and Dunaliella tertiolecta, both producers as international standard test species for marine ecotoxicity testing, we compared each standard test method, and comparatively analyzed the suitability of the species for environmental assessment and their sensitivity to various test substances. Although most of the test conditions were the same in each method, there were differences in limitation of pH changing and the initial inoculation density in the validation criteria, which is supposed to originate from the low growth rate of D. tertiolecta. In terms of suitability, both species showed consistency in test performance by repeatedly meeting the validation criteria required by the standard test methods. The salinity ranges available for testing were 20 and 10 psu for Skeletonema sp. and D. tertioelecta, respectively. Finally, regarding sensitivity, the toxicity sensitivity of Skeletonema sp. was relatively higher than that of D. tertiolecta for the reference toxicant, actual polluted water discharged (ballast water), and other chemicals. This implies that using at least two species of microalgae from different classification groups could help increase the reliability and objectivity of test results in the performance of marine ecotoxicity tests using producers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.4C
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 2010

Volumetric pressure plate extractor (VPPE) can be used for measurement of the soil-water characteristic curve in the laboratory using the axis-translation technique. The volume of extracted water from the soil specimen in VPPE can be measured continuously during the test without stoppage of air pressure for the measurements. However, the water volume measurement in VPPE using an air trap, a ballast tube, a burette, and a vacuum device so as to maintain a constant pore-water pressure in the soil specimen, is quite complicated and tedious. In order to improve the measuring problems of VPPE, a modified volumetric pressure plate extractor (MVPPE) was developed and tested on residual soil specimens. In addition, the modified apparatus can measure the volume of the extracted water using both Method A and Method B of ASTM D 6836-02 depending on the range of matric suction. Measuring principles and the improvements of MVPPE and typical results obtained from the tests are discussed in the paper.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.208-213
• /
• 2011

Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation has 148's stations. Total length is 152km and most of the station is located in the basement and Groundwater occur inflow of 700,000 tons per day. Groundwater is treated as a natural flow way instead of artificial ways. Therefore, most of the collection wells is located in the low place or station for the efficient induction and collecting water. Manhole overtopping is occurring frequently because groundwater is concentrated in the drain pipe near the collecting well and heavy rainfall in summer. As a result, ballast contamination and radon levels are increased in tunnel. This paper introduces a solution is increasing overflow in tunnel, which introduces drainage system of non-motorized that uses differencial head between collecting well and manhole.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2010.10a
• /
• pp.31-33
• /
• 2010

ECDIS(Electronic Chart Display and Information System 전자해도정보시스템)와 같이 진보된 IT 기술을 적용한 항해장비는 단순히 항해의 목적으로 사용하는 것 이상으로, 해양환경의 보호와 감시에 응용하는 등의 방법으로 그 활용범위를 직접적이고 적극적으로 확대할 수 있다. 종이해도와 달리, ECDIS는 '시간'이라는 4차원적 요소를 도입함으로써 동적시스템(Dynamic System)으로 전환이 용이하다. 이것은 조석, 조류, 바람과 파도와 같은 시간변수(Time Variables) 데이터를 적용함으로써 가능하다. 이 시간변수들을 어군이동위치, 계절변화에 따른 해저지형, ballast water의 취수를 위한 청수지역 등과 함께 활용을 한다면, green ECDIS를 활용한 green navigation은 현실화가 가능하다. 이에 따라 해상종사자의 환경인식은 뚜렷하게 그리고 유용하게 증가할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 green ECDIS의 개념과 모형의 설계 그리고 프로토타입의 개발을 제안하고자 한다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2011

Welding was widely used in shipbuilding industries as a joining method. In present study, the effects of welding fume contaminated on steel surface on corrosion protection were examined by water ballast simulation test and condensation chamber test. Pull-off adhesion test, blistering test and cathodic disbondment test were carried out to evaluate the effects of residual welding fume. Consequently, it was clearly indicated that the residual welding fume didn't affect the corrosion protection of epoxy coated on steel when surface was treated by light sweep blasting to heavy sweep blasting which was applied in this study.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2016

After 2017 years, BWMS units must be installed in the existing ship as well as the new ship by the ballast water management convention. Software tools that can help automatically searching for BWMS installation space to avoid pipes and equipment in the engine room of the existing ship will be very useful in the BWMS layout design. In this study, voxel representation of scanned data is generated first to search space efficiently. Simplified voxel models of each unit are prepared to be located in the engine room space as well. Distance between connected models is calculated through the arrangement direction and position of each model. Sums of distance between connected models are compared for the optimal configuration. It is assumed that the sum of distance between connected models depicts the pipe usage. The proposed method can save the time needed for BWMS installation design and allows optimal configuration of BWMS units.