• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.175-193
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• 2016

Objective : Diuretics are effective on the patients with hypertension and heart failure, as well as edema by regulating the function of kidney, which is key organ to maintain the balance of the different electrolytes in the body. The present review article is designed to review the diuretic effect of Korean medicinal prescription base on the experimental studies.Method : For this purpose, every article related to ‘diuresis’ and 'Korean medicinal prescription' were analysed from articles which published at domestic and international journals.Results : 1. Representative Korean medicine prescriptions showed diuretic effect along with electrolyte excretion were Oryeong-san, Paeryung-tang, Hwangryungbokryung-tang and Daeganghwal-tang. 2. Some Korean medicinal prescription including Oryeong-san, Jueryeong-tang, Sipcho-tang distribute diuresis through the inhibition of renin-angiotensin-system. 3. Oryeong-san, Bojungchiseup-tang had a diuretic effect on the down-regulation of aquaporin water channel in the renal collecting duct.Conclusion : Korean medicinal transcriptions have a diuretic effect through several types of mechanism such as along with electrolytes excretion, inhibition of renin-angiotensin system, and down-regulation of water channels.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.320-320
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• 2018

습지는 해안선 정화, 홍수조절, 수질정화 이외에도 문화적 여가활동 및 관광 등 다양한 기능을 하고 있다. 이처럼 습지의 기능 및 다양성을 보전을 위해서는 습지에 유량이 유지되어야 하지만, 기후변화로 인한 온도 상승과 불규칙한 강우 패턴으로 인해 습지의 유량이 유지되지 못하고 육화되고 있다. 습지의 육화 및 건조화의 지연 및 방지를 위해서는 습지의 유량변동을 파악이 중요하며 국내외적으로는 물수지 방법이 많이 이용되고 있다. 하지만 산지습지의 경우 규모가 작고 고립되어 있어 물수지방법을 통한 유량변동 분석 연구가 하천습지나 연안습지에 비해 상대적으로 적은 추세이다. 산지습지는 퇴적물 축척으로 형성된 환경변화의 모습을 담고 있으며 또한 산지습지와 같은 특수 환경에 서식하는 생물의 서식지 역할 등 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 경상남도에 위치한 산지습지인 장군습지를 대상으로 삼았으며 물수지 방법을 기반으로 하는 SWAT모형을 이용하여 유출특성 분석을 하였다. 또한 기상자료로는 주변 기상관측소와 장군습지 내 설치한 강수계, 온 습도계, 수위계를 활용하여 장군습지 내 유입량과 유출량을 분석하였으며 본 결과를 통해 향후 장군습지 보전을 위한 유지관리 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2017

최근 지구온난화에 따른 기후변화로 인하여 전 세계적으로 가뭄, 홍수 등의 극한 기후사상이 발생하고 있다. 그 중 가뭄의 발생은 다른 수문학적 재해와는 다르게 장기간에 걸쳐서 발생하고 그 피해 범위가 광범위하게 나타난다. 또한, 기후변화를 고려한 다양한 기후예측모델의 예측 결과는 가뭄 재해가 앞으로 더 심각해질 수 있다는 전망을 하고 있다는 점에서 그 심각성이 더욱 대두되고 있다. 이러한 가뭄을 효과적으로 감시하고 평가할 수 있는 방안이 필요로 하게 되며, 기존의 가뭄지수(drought index)의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 수단으로 높은 활용성을 갖고 있는 위성영상자료를 활용한 효과적인 가뭄모니터링 기술의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄을 시 공간적으로 모니터링하기 위해서 위성자료를 활용하였으며, Terra/Aqua 위성의 MODIS 영상자료 와 TRMM 및 GPM 위성의 강우자료를 활용하여 가뭄을 감시할 수 있는 가뭄지수 인 VHI(Vegetation Health Index), DSI(Drought Severity Index), Water Balance Method를 산정하였다. 산정된 지수의 정확도를 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 가뭄 피해조사 결과에 의한 2001년 및 2014-2015년 농업적/수문학적 가뭄피해지역과 위성기반 가뭄지수에 의한 가뭄모니터링 결과 간의 ROC 분석을 통해 위성자료 기반 가뭄감시의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 위성영상 자료를 통하여 산정되는 가뭄지수의 기상학적/농업적/수문학적 가뭄감시 기능 및 적용성이 정량적으로 평가될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2016

In Korea, the aquifers at the coastal areas are mostly shallow alluvial unconfined aquifers. To simulate the flow and dispersion in unconfined aquifer, a FDM model has been developed to solve the nonlinear Boussinesq equation. Related analysis and verification have been executed. The iteration method is used to solve the nonlinearity, and the model shows 3-D shape because it is a 2-D y model that consider the undulation of water table and bottom. For the verification of the model, the output of flow module is compared to the 1-D analytic solution of Lee (1989) which have the drawdown or uplift boundary condition, and the two results show almost the same value. and the mass balance of dispersion module shows about 10% error. The developed model can be used for the analysis and design of the flow and dispersion in the unconfined aquifers. The model has been applied to the estuary area of Ssangcheon watershed, and the parameters have been deduced as a result : hydraulic conductivity is 90 m/day, and longitudinal dispersivity is 15 m. And the analysis with these parameters shows that the wells are situated in the influence circle of each others except for No. 7 well. Groundwater discharge to sea is $3700m^3/day$. And the chlorine ion ($cl^-$) concentration at the pumping wells increase at least 1000 mg/L if groundwater dam is not exist, so the groundwater dam plays an important role for the prevention of sea water intrusion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.176-176
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• 2019

Thailand had issued a national strategic development master plan with issues related to water resources and water security in the entire water management. Water resources are an important factor of living and development of the country's socio-economy to be stable, prosperous and sustainable. Therefore, water management in both multidimensional and multi-sectoral systems is important and will supports socio-economic and environmental development. The direction of national development in accordance with the national strategic framework for 20 years that requires the country to level up security level in terms of water, energy and food. To response to the proposed goals, there is a subplan to increase water productivity of the entire water system for economical development use by evaluating use value and to create more value added from water use to meet international standard level. This study aims to evaluate the water productivity of Thailand in each basin and all sectors such as agricultural sector, service and industrial sectors by using the water use data from water account analysis and GDP data from NESDB during the past 10 years (1996-2015). The comparison of water productivity with other countries will also be conducted and in addition, the measures to improve water productivity in next 20 years will be explored to response to the National Strategic Master Plan goals. Water productivity is defined as output per unit of water depleted. The simplest way to compare water productivity across different enterprises is in monetary terms. World Bank presents water productivity as an indication of the efficiency by which each country uses its water resources. There are two data sets used for water productivity analyses, i.e., the first is water use data at end users and the second is Gross Domestic Product. The water use at end users are estimated by water account method based on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) concept of United Nations. The water account shows the analyses of the water balance between the use and supply of each water resource in physical terms. The water supply and use linkage in the water account analyses separated into each phases, i.e., water sources, water managers, water service providers, water user at end user under water regulators of all kinds of water use activities such as household, industrial, agricultural, tourism, hydropower, and ecological conservation uses. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a well- known measuring method of the national economic growth is not actually a comprehensive approach to describe all aspects of national economic status, since GDP does not take into account the costs of the negative impacts to natural resources that result from the overexploitation of development projects, however, at present, integrating the environment with the economy of a country to measure its economic growth with GDP is acceptable worldwide. The study results will show the water use at each basin, use types at end users, water productivity in each sector from 1996-2015 compared with other countries, Besides the productivity improvement measures will be explored and proposed for the National Strategic Master Plan.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1143-1157
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• 2020

In this study, a criteria for the SWAT model calibration method in SWAT-CUP which considers multi-site and multi-variable observations was presented. For its application, the SWAT model was simulated using long-term observed flow, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration data in Yongdam study watershed, investigating the hydrological runoff characteristics and water balance in the water cycle analysis. The model was calibrated with different parameter values for each sub-watershed in order to reflect the characteristics of multiple observations through one-by-one calibration, appropriate settings of model simulation run/iteration number (1,000 simulation runs in the first iteration and then 500 simulation runs for the following iterations), and executions of partial and all run in SWAT-CUP. The flow simulation results of watershed outlet point, ENS 0.85, R2 0.87, and PBIAS -7.6%, were compared with the analysis results (ENS 0.52, R2 0.54, and PBIAS -22.4%) applied in the other batch (i.e., non one-by-one) calibration approach and showed better performances of proposed method. From the simulation results of a total of 15 years, it was found that the total runoff (streamflow) and evapotranspiration rates from precipitation are 53 and 39%, and the ratio of surface runoff and baseflow (i.e., sum of lateral and return flow, and recharge deep aquifer) are 35 and 65%, respectively, in Yongdam watershed. In addition, the analytical amount of available water (i.e., water yield), including the total annual streamflow (daily average 21.8 m3/sec) is 6.96 billion m3 per year (about 540 to 900 mm for sub-watersheds).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.4 no.2 s.13
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

Drought is one of the mai or environmental disasters. Weather data, particularity rainfall, are currently the primary source of information widely used for drought monitoring. However, weather data are often from a very sparse meteorological network. Therefore, data obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) sensor boarded on the NOAA polar-orbiting satellites have been studied as a tool for drought monitoring. The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and vegetation condition index(VCI) were used in this study. Also, a simple method to detect drought Is Proposed based on climatic water balance using NOAA/AVHRR data. The results clearly show that temporal and spatial characteristics of drought in Korea can be detected and mapped by the moisture index.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2007

One of the most important hydrologic components is evapotranspiration. It is a process by which water is evaporated from moist land surfaces and transpired into atmosphere by plants. There are many methods of estimating evapotranspiration rate and its potential such as the methods of soil-moisture sampling, lysimeter measurements, water balance, energy balance, groundwater fluctuations and evapotranspiration. But it is very difficult to estimate evapotranspiration in terms of regional discrete characteristics of topography and/or vegetation. The evapotranspiration is strongly affected by ground covering vegetation, and the degree of vegetation growth. In order to grasp vegetation condition over a vast study area, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices) calculated from the data obtained from NOAA/AVHRR were utilized. Through multi-regression analysis, we developed a model equation to estimate the evapotranspiration using NDVIs and temperature data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.574-578
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• 2003

There are so many methods to estimate the groundwater recharge. These methods can be categorized into four groups. First groupis related to the water balance analysis, second group is concerned with baseflow/springflow recession, and third group is interested in some types of tracers; environmental tracers and/or temperature profile. The limitation of these types of methods is that the estimated results of recharge are presented in the form of an average over some time period. Forth group has a little different approach. They use the time series data of hydraulic head and specific yield evaluated from field test, and the results of estimation are described in the sequential form. But their approach has a serious problem. The estimated results in forth typeof methods are generally underestimated because they cannot consider the discharge phase of water table fluctuation coupled with the recharge phase. Ketchum el. at. (2000) proposed calibrated method, considering recharge- and discharge-coupled water table fluctuation. But the dischargeis considered just as the areal average with discharge rate. On the other hand, there are many methods to estimate the source wavelet with observed data set in geophysics/signal processing and geophysical methods are rarely applied to the estimation of groundwater recharge. The purpose this study is the evaluation of the applicability of one of the geophysical method in the estimation of sequential recharge rate. The applied geophysical method is called minimum entropy deconvolution (MED). For this purpose, numerical modeling with linearized Boussinesq equation was applied. Using the synthesized hydraulic head through the numerical modeling, the relative sequenceof recharge is calculated inversely. Estimated results are very concordant with the applied recharge sequence. Cross-correlations between applied recharge sequence and the estimated results are above 0.985 in all study cases. Through the numerical test, the availability of MED in the estimation of the recharge sequence to groundwater was investigated

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.3
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• pp.45-59
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• 1992

The flow characteristics varying with rate of the radius of curvature to width (Rc/B) in open channel bends are investigated with a simplified numerical model. Secondary flow velocity and transverise bed slope are formulated from the equations of momentum and force balance analysis, respectively. The conservation equations of mass and streamwise momentum are simplified by depth integration and its solution could be obtained from the explicit finite difference method. Three sets of computer simulation are executed. The rates of Rc/B adopted in simulations are 2.7, 5.4 and 8.1. The terms analyzed in this paper secondary flow velocity, streamwise velocity, the path of maximum steamwise velocity, deviation angle, and mass-shift velocity.