• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

Many studies have reported additional treatment is needed to use wastewater for agricultural purpose. Economic considerations should be taken into account to establish infrastructure for agricultural reuse because of a large amount of water use in irrigation and relatively low water quality requirement. The objective of this study was to conduct economic analysis of wastewater reclamation and reuse systems for agriculture. A system dynamics approach considering complexity and dynamics in the wastewater reuse systems was used for the economic analysis, which are related with social, environmental, and economic problems. Sensitivity and benefit cost analysis for wastewater reuse systems was conducted through the established economic assessment model. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that water resources development and installation cost were the most sensitive for total benefits and costs, respectively. The scenario-based test of the organized economic assessment model shows marginal cost ranges and enables decision-makers to decide reasonable cost for the wastewater reuse systems for agriculture.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2003

벼 재배에 있어 이앙기 가뭄시 대체 용수원을 개발하고자 공장폐수처리장(이하 공장폐수 처리수)와 하수종말처리장 방류수(이하 하수처리수)를 관개한 다음 지하 침투수 수질 및 벼생육 변화를 구명하기 위해 본 시험을 수행하였다. 대체 관개 용수원으로서 공장폐수 처리수의 COD, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $Mn^{2+}$, 및 $Ni^+$ 농도와 하수처리수중의 SS및 $PO_4-P$농도는 여러 국가들의 관개 재활용 수질 기준보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 하수처리수의 초장은 공장폐수 처리수 10일간 관개구를 제외하고 지하수 관개구 보다 약 2 cm 정도 짧았으나, 지하수 및 하수처리수 관개구의 경수는 관개기간에 관개 없이 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 하수처리수 및 공장폐수 처리수 20일 관개구의 수확지수는 유의차가 없었지만, 공장폐수 처리수 30일 관개구의 수확지수는 토성에 관계없이 하수처리수 관개구 보다 약간 높은 것으로 나타났다. 공장폐수 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수중의 SAR값은 하수처리수 관개구보다 2배 이상 높았지만, 하수처리수 관개구는 지하수 관개구와 비교하여 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이앙 30일 후 공장폐수 및 하수종말처리수 관개구의 토양침출수중 평균 전기전도도(EC1) 값은 각각 식양토에서 4.7과 $3.4dS\;m^{-1}$ 그리고 사양토에서 3.5 및 $2.5dS\;m^{-1}$로 나타났다. 전생육 기간 및 토성에 따른 공장폐수 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수중 $EC_i$값이 하수처리수 관개구 보다 2배 이상 높게 나타났지만, 이앙 30일 후부터 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그렇지만 하수종말 처리수 관개구의 토양 침출수 중 $EC_i$ 값은 지하수 관개구와 비교하여 유의차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 벼 재배시 하수종말 처리수는 가뭄으로 인한 농업용수가 부족한 경우 대체수자원으로서 잠정적 활용이 가능한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to monitor and analyse water quality and soil property in paddy fields where untreated wastewater is irrigated. Three paddy fields where streamflow mixed with untreated wastewater has been irrigated (untreated wastewater district, UWD) were selected for monitoring, and five paddy fields in Yongin area (Yongin district, YID) where water from Idong agricultural reservoir (well-managed) has been irrigated were selected for comparative evaluation. Electronic conductivity (EC), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorous (T-P), $NO_3-N$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli of the irrigation water in the UWD were significantly higher than those in the YID. Relatively high concentrations of EC, T-N, T-P, TC, FC, E. coli, copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and aluminium (Al) were shown in the irrigation water of the UWD especially during May to June. In general, the paddy soil in the UWD contained more Pb, Zn, and Cu than in the YID although the soil heavy metal contents in the UWD still meet the Korean soil contamination warning standards. No temporal trends in the heavy metal concentrations were found in paddy soils of the UWD. This study showed that the use of untreated wastewater to paddy fields has the possibility of negative impacts on water quality and soil, although long-term monitoring is needed to fully evaluate its effects.

• 농촌계획
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

The application of domestic wastewater on rice paddies results in the accumulation of sodium(Na$^+$) to the soil. Excessive concentration of sodium may cause the deterioration of the physical characteristics of the soil, change in the osmosis of the soil, destruction of soil aggregates as well as ion toxicity due to sodium accumulation. Using domestic wastewater as irrigation water should be preceded by measures to prevent or control the soil salinization caused by sodium. Agricultural reuse of domestic wastewater were found not to cause serious problems with food safety due to heavy metals. However, pre-treatment using ultraviolet or ozone is recommended to reduce the number of bacteria and gem and for public health reasons. Using domestic wastewater has shown that reducing the standard application of chemical fertilizers by as much as 50% reduced the harvesting index by only 10%. This study has shown that it is feasible to reuse domestic wastewater on rice paddies. In order to facilitate the application, it is deemed necessary to establish wastewater treatment technologies in the future, to review criteria for recycling domestic wastewater for agricultural purposes such as conditions of soil and cropping system and to resolve conflicts with farmers and public health issues.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2018

Due to the lack of water in arid and semi-arid areas, reuse of wastewater can be a suitable way to compensate for water scarcity. Therefore, in this research, evaluation of the quality of wastewater of Kashan Treatment Plant to use for irrigation was studied. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. pH, TSS, TDS, turbidity, COD, BOD5, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Total Coliform, fecal coliform, nematode eggs of inlet and outlet of wastewater treatment plant in Kashan were studied. Mean and standard deviation and wastewater quality parameters before and after treatment were tested with SPSS 22 (2014) software. The mean wastewater output of COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS and turbidity were respectively 86.6, 41.2, 11.11, 1095 mgL-1 and 17.5 NTU and the pH was equal to 7.22. Also, the average of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and phosphorus were 22.4 and 2.2 mgL-1 respectively. The mean of Total Coliform and fecal coliform were 225, 161 MPN / 100 ml respectively. In addition, no nematode eggs were found in final effluent. The results indicated that the treatment plants had a significant role in the control of microbial and organic pollution load of wastewater. Also, it is concluded that all parameters were in accordance with the standards of Iran's Department of Environment, so, it can be used for unrestricted irrigation.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.304-311
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• 2007

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.540-545
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• 2006

The objective of the study is to assess the water quality improvement resulted from the rearrangement of the irrigation water supply systems at Mankyeong River and Ansung Chun basin. There is a mixed type of watershed composed of urban and rural areas in the region. The water intake facilities for agricultural use such as reservoir, weir and pumping station are generally located at upstream river where the water quality maintains relatively clean. However, this study focuses on moving the water intake to downstream and rearranging the irrigation water supply system, then investigating how effective they are for water quality improvement in the river. When the water intake is moved downstream, the stream flow is increased as much as the amount of irrigation water that is to be taken upstream. The augmented flow which is frequently referred to as environmental flow can function as dilution water for improving the quality of polluted water that is originated from the wastewater in tributaries.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.393-396
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• 2002

The objectives of the paper are to develop the infra-technologies for reclaiming the effluents from wastewater treatment plants and reusing for agriculture water. The Suwon wastewater treatment plant has been selected for wastewater reuse tests and the water quality and treatment efficiencies are investigated. Three levels of wastewater treatments that are the effluent from the plant, sand filtering, and ultra-violet treatment are applied in the pilot system. The randomized block method was applied to wastewater application to paddy rice with five treatments, three blocks, and two replica. The control was the plots with groundwater irrigation, the other treatments are to use polluted stream flow by pumping, in addition to three wastewater treatments. The block test plots and field plots have been monitored for the water quality, soil pollution, and health hazards during the crop stages.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2002

The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on paddy rice culture was evaluated by pilot study at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. The sewage was treated by constructed wetland system, and its effluent was used as irrigation water for four treatments and one control plots with three replications. Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice. Instead, experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls. This implies that reclaimed water irrigation might be beneficial rather than harmful to rice culture as long as the sewage is treated adequately and used properly. The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study, and no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L). In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation. However, there was an indication that continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil. Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water. Overall, the results demonstrated that reclaimed water could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effects as long as it is properly managed. For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.583-586
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• 2003

The objective of this research was to examine the significance of change to indicator microorganisms (TC, FC, and E. coli) in the paddy field and repair of UV disinfected secondary effluent. Average concentrations of Microorganisms were maintained by more than about 1,000 MPN/100mL in paddy field after irrigation. Microorganism repair was evaluated in relation to UV dose in photoreactivating light and dark. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was found between UV dose and repair of indicator microorganisms when the research of wastewater was conducted in the condition of low and high UV dose.