• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2022

Studies for improving the efficiency of the traditional anaerobic digestion process are being actively conducted. To improve anaerobic digestion efficiency, this study tried to derive the optimal pretreatment conditions and mixing conditions by integrating the heat solubilization pretreatment of sewage sludge, livestock manure, and food waste. The soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increase rate of sewage sludge before and after heat solubilization pretreatment showed an increased rate of 224.7% compared to the control group at 170℃ and 25 min and showed the most stable increase rate. As a result of the biomethane potential test of sewage sludge before and after heat solubilization pretreatment, the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and SCOD removal rates increased as the heat solubilization temperature increased, but did not increase further at temperatures above 170℃. In the case of methane generation, there was no significant change in the cumulative methane generation from 0.134 to 0.203 Sm³-CH₄/kg-COD at 170℃ for 15 min. As a result of the integrated digestion of organic waste, the experimental condition in which 25% of the sewage sludge, 50% of the food waste, and 25% of the livestock manure were mixed showed the highest methane production of 0.3015 m³-CH₄/kg-COD, confirming that it was the optimal mixing ratio condition. In addition, under experimental conditions mixed with all three substrates, M4 conditions mixed with 25% sewage sludge, 50% food waste, and 25% livestock manure showed the highest methane generation at 0.2692 Sm³-CH₄/kg-COD.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.3327-3333
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• 2011

최근 들어 지속적인 폐기물 발생량의 증가와 화석 연료 고갈 문제를 해결하기 위해 폐기물을 이용한 열에너지 회수에 대한 관심이 증가 하고 있다. 여러 가지 신재생 에너지 중 폐기물을 이용하는 방법이 에너지원의 잠재적 가치를 비교하였을 때 가장 유망한 에너지원으로 인정되고 있으며, 그 중에서도 폐기물을 고체연료로 가공하는 고형연료가 현실적이고 가장 경제적인 방법으로 인정받고 있다. 본 연구에는 세지역의 산업단지에서 발생하는 고형연료의 원료가 되는 산업폐기물에 미량 존재하는 중금속 성분을 분석하였으며, Cl+S 함량은 B산업단지의 농도가 A산업단지의 농도보다 약간 높게 나타났다. A-산업단지의 RDF는 모래성분이 많았으며, B-산업단지 RDF는 염화칼륨과 염화나트륨 및 calcium alumina silicates의 성분이 많이 함유된 폐기물로 나타났다. 또한 C-산업단지 RDF는 lime과 calcium alumina silicate 등이 포함된 폐기물임을 알 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 산업폐기물의 발생원과 연료로서의 RDF의 성능을 개선하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2014

The present study investigated the effects of thermal pre-treatment on the enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of waste activated sludge at varied TS concentration levels. The activated sludges were thermally oxidized for 30 minutes at $80{\sim}200^{\circ}C$ with varied TS concentrations (2%, 4% and 6%). and then, sludge characteristics, solubilization efficiency and methane production yield of thermally pre-treated sludges were analyzed. The higher the temperature in the thermal pre-treatment, the higher the concentration levels of dissolved matters such as $SCOD_{Cr}$, $NH_4{^+}$ and VFAs, which indicates that the thermal pre-treatment facilitates the hydrolysis and acid fermentation. Furthermore, the solubilization efficiency was increased in proportion to the temperature rise at all TS concentrations and was reached at 68.9%, 55.6% and 53.1%, respectively, at $200^{\circ}C$. In the BMP test of the pre-treated sludges, higher methane production yields were observed as 0.313. 0.314 and $0.299m^3\;CH_4/kg\;VS_{add}$ at the condition of TS 2% ($160^{\circ}C$), 4% ($160^{\circ}C$) and 6% ($180^{\circ}C$), respectively, and degradation rate was increased by 84%, 79% and 65% compared with non-pretreated waste activated sludge. These findings suggest the effectiveness of thermal pre-treatment of waste activated sludge for anaerobic biodegradable process.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2011

A 2-loop waste heat recovery system with Rankine steam cycles for the improvement of fuel efficiency of gasoline vehicles has been investigated. A high temperature loop(HT loop) is a system to recover the waste heat from the exhaust gas, a low temperature loop(LT loop) is for heat recovery from the engine coolant cold relatively. This paper has dealt with a layout of a LT loop system, the review of the working fluids, and the design of the cycle. The design point and the target heat recovery of the LT boiler, a core part of a LT loop, has been presented and analytically investigated. Considering the characteristics of the cycle, the basic concept of the LT boiler has been determined as a shell-and tube type counterflow heat exchanger, the performance characteristics for various design parameters were investigated.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.367-384
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• 2016

고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분에서 처분안전성의 신뢰도를 향상시킬 수 있는 방안으로 그리고 처분 프로그램 개발 및 인허가를 위해 많은 나라들에서 자국에 적합한 safety case를 개발하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물 처분을 위한 safety case의 의의, 필요성, 개발과정들을 정리하고 소개하였다. 그리고 처분안전성을 safety case의 다양한 측면에서 논의하였다. 아울러 스위스, 일본, 미국, 스웨덴, 핀란드 등 해외의 safety case 개발 현황과 현재 KAERI에서 개발 중인 safety case의 개발 전략을 간략히 소개하였다. 고준위방사성폐기물 처분안전성의 신뢰도 향상을 위해 safety case 기반 하에서 어떤 노력들이 필요한지를 분석하였다. 그리고 국내 상황을 반영하여 신뢰할 수 있는 정보자료의 구축, 안전성 관련 과정들의 이해, 안전성평가의 불확실성 저감, 이해당사자와의 의사소통, 공정성과 투명성 확보 등의 실행 방안을 제안하고 논의하였다. 본 논문에 제시된 내용들은 심층처분 safety case를 이해하고, 국내에서 개발하고 있는 고준위방사성폐기물 처분 safety case 개발을 통한 처분안전성 신뢰도 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2021

In this study, basic strategies for the decommissioning and site remediation of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) were investigated. Six scenarios were formulated based on two of the three decommissioning strategies of nuclear power plants defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): immediate dismantling and deferred dismantling. A multicriteria decision analysis was performed to analyze the preferences of the options from the viewpoints of the timeframe to complete decommissioning, the resulting waste, the site usability, and the availability of the radioactive waste disposal route. The same six scenarios were applied to both the FDNPS and the nuclear power plants that ceased operation after a normal plant life cycle for comparison. For the FDNPS, the decommissioning project involved fuel debris retrieval, dismantling, and site remediation. The analysis results suggest that the balance between the amount of waste and the time to achieve the end state may be one of the most critical factors to consider when planning the decommissioning and site remediation of the FDNPS.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 Proceedings of The 6th korea-china joint workshop on nuclear waste management
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• pp.119-125
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• 2005

A method of predicting the tritium concentration in the air leaving an atmospheric detritiation dryer was modeled for designing a fixed bed dryer and preparing an advanced dryer control. In order to quantify the bed utilization and the dynamic capacity against an inlet humidity and a flow rate, a series of quantitative tests based on the break-through behavior were carried out in an isothermal fixed bed of synthetic zeolites such type as molecular sieve 4A, 5A, 13X and mordenite. The amount of water vapor breaking during the adsorption was estimated to give a breakthrough capacity at the various inlet flow rates and humidity conditions. The molecular sieve 13X exhibited a better adsorption performance at a given bed height.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2012

폐목재를 자원화하는 방법은 물질재활용과 에너지재활용으로 분류된다. 물질재활용은 폐목재를 원료로 파티클보드 또는 MDF를 생산하는 것 등이 포함되며 분리배출 및 수집을 통해 수차례 재활용이 가능한 장점이 있다. 에너지재활용은 칩을 제조하여 열병합발전 또는 보일러의 원료로 에너지를 생산하는 것을 말한다. 화석연료를 사용하는 발전소, 보일러 등에서 기존의 연료(석유, 화석연료 등)를 폐목재로 대체하면 화석연료 구입비용과 폐목재를 폐기물로서 처리하는 비용을 절감할 수 있다. 본 연구는 폐목재를 원료로 하여 파티클보드 생산공정과 열병합 에너지 생산공정을 전과정평가의 방법으로 지구 온난화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 폐목재 1톤을 사용하여 파티클보드 생산공정은 112kg의 온실가스 를 배출하며, 열병합에너지공정은 382kg의 온실가스를 배출하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 분석조건은 파티클보드의 평균수명 14년과 재활용회수 16회를 가정하였고, 이때 임시적 탄소저장능을 고려하였다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004년도 학술논문집
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• pp.319-329
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• 2004

The electrorefining experiments with an anode composed of U, Y, Gd, Nd and Ce (or U, Gd, Dy and Ce) were carried out in the KC1-LiCl eutectic melt at $500^{\circ}C$, Uranium was the major component in the cathode deposits at the high initial uranium concentration, and the separation factors of the uranium with respect to the rare earths (REs) were calculated according to the applied voltage and the uranium concentration in the molten salt. The current efficiency was inversely in proportion to the applied voltage in the range of 1.0 V to 1, 9 V (vs. STS304L). The dependency of the applied voltage on the current efficiency as well as the deposition rate was discussed in terms of the microstructural feature and crystal structure of the deposit.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.4173-4180
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• 2023

The stability of engineered barriers in high-level radioactive waste disposal systems can be influenced by the decay heat generated by the waste. This study focuses on the thermal analysis of various canister designs to effectively lower the maximum temperature of the engineered barrier. A numerical model was developed and employed to investigate the heat dissipation potential of copper rings placed across the buffer. Various canister designs incorporating copper rings were presented, and numerical analysis was performed to identify the design with the most significant temperature reduction effect. The results confirmed that the temperature of the buffer material was effectively lowered with an increase in the number of copper rings penetrating the buffer. Parametric studies were also conducted to analyze the impact of technical gaps, copper thickness, and collar height on the temperature reduction. The numerical model revealed that the presence of gaps between the components of the engineered barrier significantly increased the buffer temperature. Furthermore, the reduction in buffer temperature varied depending on the location of the gap and collar. The methods proposed in this study for reducing the buffer temperature hold promise for contributing to cost reduction in radioactive waste disposal.