• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.48-53
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• 2013

Due to the urbanization, lots of people are living in cities. It is very convenient to live in the cities for the people but at the same time, the highly populated city has several environmental problems. During delivery process of large amount of municipal waste generated from the cities, the automobile emission and traffic jam have been occurred. The waste collection in the cities has been mainly done by using labour force and delivery truck. This is the conventional waste collection up to now. Recently, new technologies like automated waste collection system and capsule transportation have been introduced. Conventional waste collection mainly relied on the labour force and truck delivery does not need to invest a lot of money for the start-up. However, it requires to pay the operational cost both for the labour force and the truck delivery. On the contrary to this conventional waste collection, the automated waste collection and capsule transportation require high initial investment cost. However, the automated waste collection and capsule transportation can reduce significantly the pollutants emission, traffic jam by the waste trucks and actual waste collection cost per ton. In dealing with the waste collection in the cities, new waste collection technologies could be properly combined with the conventional waste collection for the effective municipal waste treatment.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.89-98
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• 2024

Due to the increase in population and consequently the increase in the production of plastic waste, recovery of this part of the waste is an undeniable necessity. On the other hand, the recycling of plastic waste, if it is placed in a systematic process and controlled, can be effective in creating jobs and maintaining environmental health. Waste collection in many large cities has become a major problem due to lack of proper planning with increasing waste from population accumulation and changing consumption patterns. Today, waste management is no longer limited to waste collection, but waste collection is one of the important areas of its management, i.e. training, segregation, collection, recycling and processing. In this study, a systematic method based on machine vision for sorting plastic bottles in different colors for recycling purposes will be proposed. In this method, image classification and segmentation techniques were presented to improve the performance of plastic bottle classification. Evaluation of the proposed method and comparison with previous works showed the proper performance of this method.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.531-537
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• 2023

Municipal solid waste landfills are unpredictable bioreactors which in cases of mishandling and bad supervision presents numerous risks. The key to municipal waste landfills is to approach them from the point of prevention of the possible consequences, which means using methods of organized waste disposal, and also utilizing landfill gas, as an unavoidable consequence with disposal of municipal solid waste with a high share of biodegradable organic matter. This paper presents an overview about problems of solid municipal waste management, type and composition of waste, and an overview of waste management condition. Further, the problem of landfill and landfill gasses is described with the calculation models of landfill production, as well as the use of the SWM GHG Calculator and LandGEM software on a specific example of gas production for the central zone at Sarajevo landfill "Smiljevici". Main focus of this thesis is the analysis of potentials of greenhouse gas emission reduction measures from the waste management. Overview of the best available techniques in waste management is presented as well as the methodology used for calculations. Scenarios of greenhouse gas emission reduction in waste management were defined so that emissions were calculated using the appropriate model. In the final section of the paper, its description of the problem of collection and utilization the landfill gas at the sanitary landfill "Smiljevici", and implementation of the system for landfill gas collection and solution suggestion for the gasification and exploitation of gas. Energy, environmental and economic benefits can be accomplished by utilizing municipal solid waste as fuel in industry and energy and moreover by utilizing energy generation from landfill gas, which this thesis emphasizes.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.19-23
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• 2001

In addition to landfilling and incineration, waste minimization and recycling have become priorities in Taiwan's municipal waste management strategies over the past 10 years. Major recycling initiatives being implemented in Taiwan include producer responsibility, "pay-as-you-throw, " and mandatory sorting provisions. Currently, the producer responsibility regime established under the Waste Disposal Act and administered by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) requires that manufacturers or importers of listed items, including containers, batteries. cars, motorcycles ("scooters"), tires, oil, televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, computers, and printers, pay recycling fees to government recycling funds. EPA then uses the recycling funds to subsidize collection and recycling. The 2001 recycling fund budget totals NT$57 billion (NT$35 = US$l). Under the producer responsibility regime, EPA-designated retailers ("sellers") must accept end-of-life items returned to them by the consumers. At the local level, Taipei City implements a pay-as-you-throw program, whereby citizens pay waste collection and treatment fees through the purchase of special trash bags approved by the Taipei City Government. However. recyclables that are separated by citizens are collected free-of-charge by the City. Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, on the other hand, enforce mandatory sorting schemes, whereby citizens face penalties if they don't separate recyclables from the trash before pick-up. These programs have resulted in a significant reduction in municipal waste. Per capita waste collected per day has dropped from 1.143 kg in 1997 to 0.978 kg in 2000. Targeting a 10% recycling rate for municipal waste in 2001. EPA plans to research and develop new recycling techniques, expand the scope of producer responsibilities, and strengthen existing municipal recyclable collection programs. To this end, among other initiatives, EPA has prepared a draft "Resource Recycling and Reuse Act" that would complement the existing producer responsibility programs by incorporating into the current recycling framework the concept of product life-cycle management.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.220-237
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• 2019

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the poorly rendered services in developing countries - limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanization and application of outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the SWM problem. Decision makers need to formulate solutions that consider multiple goals and strategies. Given the large number of available options for SWM and the inter-relationships among these options, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper develops a mathematical model for a municipal Integrated SWM system, taking into account waste generation rates, composition, transportation modes, processing techniques, revenues from waste processing, simulating waste management as closely as possible. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimization software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis. The model thus serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and obtain the least-cost combination of technologies for handling, treatment and disposal of solid waste.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

Christopher Nemeth is a designer who combines characteristics of a pioneering upcycle design and deconstructionist design with fabrics, waste clothing, and pieces of fabric recycled in the 1980s. By hommaging his work from the Louis Vuitton 2015 F/W collection, Kim Jones is once again becoming a source of design inspiration in an era where upcycling fashion is attracting attention. Accordingly, an upcycling design approach might appeal to the MZ generation. Christopher Nemes' design presented in this study as a representative fashion designer of dismantling upcycling is basically based on dismantling. It can also be interpreted as dismantling upcycling design because it uses used clothing, waste clothing, and discarded fabrics as materials. This study examined main techniques of upcycling fashion design and derived characteristics of Nemes design as "deconstructive techniques using free lines of construction," "recycling upcycling vintage materials and clothing accessories," and "using handcrafted techniques of artistic sensibility." By applying Nemes' dismantling upcycling technique, four designs were developed for men's top and bottom sets for targets in their 20s and 30s to suggest the commercialization possibility. This study is meaningful in that it proposes a methodical alternative to the new deconstructionist upcycling design that can show Nemes' aesthetic characteristics, creative perspective, and personality by modernly reinterpreting the deconstructionist upcycling technique extracted through analysis of fashion designer Christopher Nemes' design. In particular, by actually producing the work and confirming whether the design technique can be implemented, the value as a fashion product that can be sold is realized.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.517-532
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• 2021

Safe geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) requires knowledge of the deep hydrochemical characteristics of the repository site. Here, we conducted a set of deep hydrochemical investigations using a 750-m borehole drilled in a model granite system in Wonju, South Korea. A closed investigation system consisting of a double-packer, Waterra pump, flow cell, and water-quality measurement unit was used for in situ water quality measurements and subsequent groundwater sampling. We managed the drilling water labeled with a fluorescein dye using a recycling system that reuses the water discharged from the borehole. We selected the test depths based on the dye concentrations, outflow water quality parameters, borehole logging, and visual inspection of the rock cores. The groundwater pumped up to the surface flowed into the flow cell, where the in situ water quality parameters were measured, and it was then collected for further laboratory measurements. Atmospheric contact was minimized during the entire process. Before hydrochemical measurements and sample collection, pumping was performed to purge the remnant drilling water. This study on a model borehole can serve as a reference for the future development of deep hydrochemical investigation procedures and techniques for siting processes of SNF repositories.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to perform research of ecology concepts expressed in fashion and to propose a new ecology fashion design based on the results. As a specific research method, first, to determine the concept of ecology, the contents related to ecology were extracted and organized through literature research, and then a fashion collection research was conducted to acquire basic design data, such as silhouettes, materials, details, and colors. From WGSN, and a total of 57 images were selected and used as basic data for the design suggestions. As a result of collecting the collection images, it was found that cotton or denim fabrics were mainly used, and in particular, the frequency of use was high mainly for bright tones. The use of chambray, lace, and wrinkles, was also frequent, and the use of expression techniques using burn-out, bleach, and bleaching effects or parts, or entire dyeing was often noticeable. The colors showed neutral and pastel-toned characteristics, and the silhouette was mainly composed of long silhouettes centered on maxi, such as a top or calf based on the knee, rather than a mini. Fabrics for the final designs were linen and sappan wood, and they were used for the dye and red was used as the overall color. The silhouettes were simplified, and care was taken to prevent unnecessary waste, such as paper or materials, from being generated during the production stage. We tried to achieve the purpose of eco-logy by refraining from excessive trimming, except for essential subsidiary materials, such as zippers.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.62-65
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• 2001

1997년과 1998년 4월 1일자의 M&A제한규정이었던 증권거래법 제200조의 철폐와 적대적 M&A의 전면허용 그리고 외국자본의 투자제한의 간소화 등 규제완화조치와, 향후 외국인에 대해서 100%까지 주식을 매입할 수 있는 적대적 M&A가 허용될 것으로 보여 우리나라에서도 M&A활동이 보다 본격화 될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 우리나라에서는 1980년대부터 M&A에 대한 관심과 연구가 시작되면서 지금까지 기업합병ㆍ인수의 동기와 효과에 대해서 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 지금까지의 연구내용은 대부분 기업의 M&A동기는 시너지효과를 얻기 위함이며, 또한 공시정보가 합병공시일 전후동안에 주가수익율에 반영되어 합병 당사기업의 주주의 부에 영향을 미치는지의 주가변화 유무에 국한된 것이었다. 또한 1985년부터 1991년 초 사이에 이루어졌던 연구는 당시 국내 M&A 환경이 매우 열악하고 극히 제한된 비정상적인 자본시장 상황 하에서 이루어진 사례에 의한 연구이었기 때문에 연구결과의 문제점과 한계성이 있었고, 실효성 측면에서도 다소 미흡하였다고 할 수 있다. 우리나라 M&A의 성장발전과정을 크게 2단계로 분류한다면, 제1단계는 1975년부터 시작하여 1990년까지로써 이 기간동안의 M&A환경은 그 여건조성과 성숙준비단계였으며, 제2단계인 1990년 초부터 비로소 선진국형 시장경제원리에 근거한 보다 경쟁적이고 자율적인 M&A 시장구조가 형성되면서 활성화 단계로 진입하였다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구의 주된 목적은 1990년부터 1996년 사이에 이루어진 상장기업의 M&A 사례를 표본으로 하여 한국에서의 기업합병과 기업인수(주식취득)가 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 먼저, M&A 당사기업의 합병성과 발생과 차이 유무를 주가수익율을 측정하여 실증분석하고 다음으로 M&A에 따른 시너지의 잠재적 원천이 어디에 있는지 재무성과분석을 통해서 이를 실증하는데 목적이 있다.PA-designated retailers ("sellers") must accept end-of-life items returned to them by the consumers. At the local level, Taipei City implements a pay-as-you-throw program, whereby citizens pay waste collection and treatment fees through the purchase of special trash bags approved by the Taipei City Government. However. recyclables that are separated by citizens are collected free-of-charge by the City. Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, on the other hand, enforce mandatory sorting schemes, whereby citizens face penalties if they don't separate recyclables from the trash before pick-up. These programs have resulted in a significant reduction in municipal waste. Per capita waste collected per day has dropped from 1.143 kg in 1997 to 0.978 kg in 2000. Targeting a 10% recycling rate for municipal waste in 2001. EPA plans to research and develop new recycling techniques, expand the scope of producer responsibilities, and strengthen existing mu

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11A
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• pp.903-911
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• 2011

In this paper we proposed an energy adaptive data aggregation and transmission mechanism to solve the problem of energy limitation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Hierarchical structure methods are wildly used in WSNs to improve the energy efficiency. LEACH and TEEN protocols are the typical techniques. In these methods, all nodes, including nodes who have sensed data to transmit and nodes who haven't, are set frame timeslots in every round. MNs (member nodes) without sensed data keep active all the time, too. These strategies caused energy waste. Furthermore, if data collection in MNs is same to the previous transmission, it increases energy consumption. Most hierarchical structure protocols are developed based on LEACH. To solve the above problems, this paper proposed a method in which only MNs with sensed data can obtain allocated frame to transmit data. Moreover, if the MNs have same sensed data with previous, MNs turn to sleep mode. By this way redundant data transmission is avoided and aggregation in CH is lightened, too.