• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1294-1297
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• 2003

With the development of medical field, many kinds of operations have been performed on human articulation. Arthroscopic surgery, which has Irrigation Pumping System for security of operator vision and washing spaces of operation, has been used for more merits than others. In this paper, it is presented that the research on a reliable control algorithm of the pumping system instrument for arthroscopic surgery. Before clinical operation, the flexible artificial articulation model is used for realizing the model the most same as human's and the algorithm has been exploited for it. This system is considered of the following; limited sensing point, dynamic effect by compliance, time delay by fluid flow and so on. The system is composed with a pressure controller, a regulator for keeping air pressure, an airtight tank that can have distilled water packs, artificial articulation and a measuring system, and has controlled by the feedback of pressure sensor on the artificial articulation. Also the system has applied to Smith Predictor for time delay and the parameter estimation method for the most suitable system with both the experiment data and modeling. In this paper, the pressure error that is between an air pressure tank and an artificial articulation was measured so that the system could be presumed and then the controller had developed for performing State-Feedback. Finally, the controller with a real microprocessor has realized. The confidence of system can be proved by applying this control algorithm to an artificial articulation experiment material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.222-229
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• 2009

The natural dyeing of cotton fabrics with Rumex crispus L. root extract was investigated. The dyeability of Rumex crispus L. root extract was evaluated with conditions of concentration, temperature, time, repeat-numbers, pH, mordants variables, methods of mordanting, color fastness and antibacterial activity, etc. The maximum V-visible spectrum possessed absorption band of Rumex crispus L. extract appeared at 274nm and 336nm. The amount of dyes extracted was increased with extracting concentration, temperature and time. The K/S value increased with increasing dyeing concentration and repeat-numbers. The K/S value increased with increasing dyeing temperature and time, the exhaustion was saturated in $90^{\circ}C\;and\;80min$, respectively. Surface colors of fabrics dyed with pH 3, 7, 11 extract were RP-R-YR-Y range. The light fastness and washing fastness showed good results in Fe-mordanted. The dry leaning fastness appeared more than 4 grade. Rubbing fastness was better in dry methods han that in wet methods. In the result of antibacterial activity, the decrease rate was 9.9% to Staphylococcus aureus with the dyed fabric of cotton.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.652-656
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• 2004

Both surface wash and backwash are considered as one of the most important methods that can improve the filtration efficiency in the existing water treatment plant. This study has mainly focused on the improvement of filtering efficiency by controlling surface wash and backwash time, and water level before backwash (when drained up to the trough, when drained up to 10 cm above filter bed, and when drained below 10 cm filter bed). Filtration efficiency was shown a little bit of differences depending on the operating conditions like surface wash injection pressure, the distance control between filter bed and the facility, and the types of surface wash. When the water level before backwash was reached up to 10 cm below filter bed after draining, however, the filtration velocity and the turbidity removal efficiency in the filter bed was improved. When the surface wash followed by backwash is longer, it showed a similar result. Because the proper adjustment of surface washing time makes filtration efficiency higher, therefore, it is necessary to set up the backwash time moderately.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.437-443
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• 2006

The Water usage is relationship which is close with the administrative cost from industrial facility. It is not easy to reduce a water usage. This research is the optimization of the waste water quantity which process waste water integration of the standard thermal power plant in system operate time. The turbine rotates by force of the steam and it produces an electricity. Demineralization Water is manufacture purity manufacturing equipment and it is supplied in power plant channel. We knew a possibility of reducing from pure control process. When it is reduced the Back Washing time, Rinsing time of the gravity filter and the activated carbon filter. Also, It is possible even from regeneration phase in Condensate Polishing Demineralization System. In addition, There is also the water which the drain of the sampling water for watching the condition of power plant process will be able to use. Integrates these processes it will be able to reduce an annual 30,000 ton degree. The research is want to use the fundamental data for the water curtailment of the power plant.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2018

This study aim is to provide new coloration method by laccase-catalyzation on natural phenolic dyeing process. In this study, silk was dyed with black tea, which is one of polyphenolic dye, extracted in distilled water. The dyed samples were catalyzed by laccase as the eco-friendly mordanting process. To optimize the conditions of laccase-catalyzed coloration, conditions were varied by different mordanting methods (one-bath, two-bath), temperature and treatment time. The dye affinity in terms of the value of K/S, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and H, V, C was measured by Computer Color Matching System (CCM, CM-2600d, Spectra Magic NX, Korea). The effect of laccase-catalyzed coloration on washing fastness was evaluated and compared with the synthetic mordant (Al, Cu, and Fe). As the result of color analysis of dyed silk, the optimum conditions of laccase-catalyzed coloration were determined to post-mordanting by one-bath at $50^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. Under the optimum laccase-catalyzed conditions, the dyed silk was shown the color of yellowish-red. After laccase-catalyzed coloration on the dyed silk, the improvement of washing fastness was obtained compared with mordanted silk by synthetic mordant (Al, Cu, and Fe). Therefore, the present study was demonstrated that the effective enzymatic mordanting method by laccase for phenolic natural dyeing with vivid color and good fastness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.68-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was analyze how korean adult women\`s swimming suit buying behavior varied according to consumer characteristics. Especially, it was intended to provide basic materials for swimming suit product development and quality improvement appropriate to consumer characteristics with a focus on product evaluation criteria. Questionnaire research was conducted for 850 adult women resident in Seoul, to whom questionnaire were distributed and who were asked to complete their questionnaires. 1. As for buying motive, of swimming suit buying behavior, it was shown that the highest proportion of adult women bought their new swimming suit because their old swimming suit was wornout and most adult women tended to buy their new swimming suit or their own will rather than at others\` suggestion. 2. As for the source of information at a time. of swimming suit purchase, adult women collected information from the product on display most and bought their swimming suit in a planned way in relation to the degree of purchase planning. 3. As for product evaluation criteria, adult women showed the high scores in order of the type and quality of material, activity and functionalism, dimensions and fitness. 4. In many cases actual swimming suit purchasers were the adult women who bought their swimming suit, and they used the department store or the large shopping center as the place of purchasing the swimming suit. Its reason was that the department store or the large shopping center had a diverse assortment of products. As for the degree of their travelling companion\`s influence, it was found that most adult women were influenced by their travelling companions when purchasing their swimming suits. 5. As for the level of satisfaction with swimming suit purchase, it was shown that adult women were generally satisfied with their swimming suit purchase. It was found that their level of satisfaction was higher in order of activity and functionalism, the type and quality of swimming suit materials, and ease in washing management while they showed the low level of satisfaction with price, the fastness of color to washing, light and detergents and durability.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

Various remediation methods have been applied to clean soils contaminated with pollutants. They remove contaminants from the soils by utilizing physicochemical, biological, and thermal processes and can satisfy soil remediation standards within a limited time; however, they also have an effect on the biological functions of soils by changing soil properties. In this study, changes of the biological properties of soils before and after treatment with three frequently used remediation methods-soil washing, land farming, and thermal desorption-were monitored to investigate the effects of remediation methods on soil biological functions. Total microbial number and soil enzyme activities, germination rate and growth of Brassica juncea, biomass change of Eisenia andrei were examined the effects on soil microorganisms, plant, and soil organisms, respectively. After soil washing, the germination rate of Brassica juncea increased but the above-ground growth and total microbial number decreased. Dehydrogenase activity, germination rate and above-ground growth increased in both land farming and thermal desorption treated soil. Although the growth of Eisenia andrei in thermal desorption treated soil was higher than any other treatment, it was still lower than that in non-contaminated soil. These results show that the remediation processes used to clean contaminated soil also affect soil biological functions. To utilize the cleaned soil for healthy and more value-added purposes, soil improvement and process development are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the health risk behaviors, mental health and subjective health status of adolescents in multicultural families and monocultural (Korean) families. This study was conducted to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to health promotion of adolescents in multicultural families. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 15th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2019). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to understand the influence of growing up in a multicultural family on health risk behaviors, mental health and subjective health status by comparing the variables to those of monocultural adolescents. Results: Adolescents from multicultural families had a 3.3 times higher rate of drug use experience, 1.89 times higher rate of sexual experience, and 1.24 times higher rate of not wearing seat belts. In addition, the rate of not washing hands and the rate of suicide attempts were 1.34-1.50 times and 1.62 times higher, respectively, compared to adolescents from monocultural families. Conclusion: This study showed that it is necessary to develop appropriate health promotion programs to solve the problems of drug use, sexual intercourse, not wearing seat belts, not washing hands, and attempting suicides, which are more prevalent among adolescents from multicultural families than from monocultural families. It will serve a basic policy for the long-term development and growth of Korea at this critical time when multicultural adolescents are increasing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2011

One-step reduction/dyeing method was applied for ramie dyeing with natural indigo powder. The effect of reduction/dyeing conditions including the pH of bath, dye temperature and time, and concentration of indigo powder and reduction agent on dye uptake and color properties were investigated. Regardless of addition of alkali, the dyed fabrics appeared in the PB Munsell color range(${\lambda}_{max}$: 660 nm) and the dye uptake was much higher with no addition of sodium hydroxide. Dyeing was carried out through the use of only sodium hydrosulfite in the bath. The maximum dye uptake was obtained at 60 for 30min. Saturated dye uptake was obtained at 2 g/L of sodium hydrosulfite concentration up to 2 g/ L of indigo powder. Whereas, at higher indigo powder concentration (4 g/L), more than 3 g/L of reducing agent concentration was required for obtaining the saturated dye uptake. Color reproducibility was reliable with color difference in the range of 0.03~0.16. Regardless of color strength, fastness to rubbing was acceptable with a 3/4~4/5. Fastness to washing, dry cleaning, and light of samples with low color strength were poor. Whereas, fastness to washing, dry cleaning, and light of samples with high color strength were very good.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the energy expenditure of normal-weight and overweight Korean middle-aged women (40-60 yr). Middle-aged oveweight ($BMI\;{\geq}\;25$, n= 20) and normal-weight women were ($BMI\;{\leq}\;23$, n = 20) were recruited in Seoul. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, energy intake, daily activity time, and energy costs of some daily activities were measured. Energy expenditure at rest and while reading the newspaper, washing dishes, mopping the floor, and walking on a treadmill at 1.0, 2.0, 3.5mph were measured by indirect calorimeter and total daily energy expenditure was estimated by summation of energy costs of different activities. The overweight group had significantly higher values of body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, thigh circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, WTR, WHR, body surface area, percentage body fat, fat mass, fat free mass (FFM), and muscle mass compared to normal-weight group. The energy intakes of both groups were close to RDA and other nutrient intake status was also satisfactory. There were no significant differences in intakes of energy and nutrients between the two groups. Overweight subjects showed lower energy expenditure per kg body weight for reading the newspaper, washing dishes and mopping the floor, and walking on a treadmill at 2.0 and 3.5 mph, however, energy expenditure per kg FFM did not differ between the two groups. Daily energy expenditure for all activities was significantly higher in the overweight compared to the normal-weight group due to higher body weight. Both overweight and normal-weight groups showed negative energy balance between energy intake and energy expenditure, and there was no significant difference in energy balance between the two roups. Total daily energy expenditure correlated highly with FFM and body surface area. The result of present study does not offer an explanation on the energy imbalance and weight gain of overweight women.