• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2018

This study was performed to develop face towel fabrics that reflect consumer's tactile preferences. Three different kinds of pile fiber (100% cotton, 50% cotton/50% bamboo, 100% bamboo) of the towel fabrics were selected for the test. The towels were laundered one, five and 10 times repeatedly in a normal washing condition, and fabric softeners were applied to the towels that were laundered 10 times. The flexibility and absorbency (absorption rate and water absorptivity) were evaluated by laundering times of the face towels. Male and female university students evaluated their subjective sensations of the face towels. The flexibility of towel fabrics showed no significant difference according to type of pile fiber or laundering time. The absorbency of the towels was significantly different according to the type of pile fiber and laundering time. The absorption rate was higher in 100% bamboo fiber, and water absorptivity was higher for cotton fibers. There were no significant differences in subjective sensation according to the type of pile fiber of towels before laundering. As the frequency of laundering increased, the tactile preference for the towel slightly decreased. The 100% bamboo towel was rated the most comfortable among the three kinds of towels. The tactile preference for the towels was influenced by smoothness, fabric softness, and softener treatment, in that order.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2015

This study was performed to analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic microorganisms isolated from the carcass and environments of chicken processing plant located in Gyeonggi province from October to November in 2010. Chicken slaughterhouse was visited 3 times and totally 40 samples were collected from chicken carcass before and after washing (n=14), chicken cuts (n=7), cooling water (n=8), brine (n=2), cutting knives (n=7) and working plate (n=2). Whole-chicken rinsing technique (for chicken carcasses) and swab technique (for working plate and knives) were used to analyze the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, brine and chilling water from storage tanks were gathered using sterilized tubes and used as samples. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) for whole cell fingerprinting in combination with a dedicated bioinformatic software tool was used to identify the isolated microorganisms. The pathogenic microorganisms, such as Bacillus cereus (n=8) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=9), were isolated form the chicken processing process (chicken carcasses of before and after chilling, chicken cuts, and working plate). The antimicrobial susceptibility of those isolated microorganisms was analyzed using 21 antimicrobial agents. In the case of B. cereus, it showed 100% of resistance to subclasses of penicillins and peptides, and it also resistant to cephalothin, a member of critically important antimicrobials (CIA), however there was no resistance (100% susceptible) to vancomycin and chloramphenicol. S. aureus showed 100% resistance to subclasses of peptides and some of penicillins (penicillin and oxacillin), however, it showed 100% susceptibility to cephalosporins (cefazolin and cephalothin). All of the tested pathogens showed multi drug resistance (MDR) more than 4 subclasses and one of B. cereus and S. aureus showed resistance to 9 subclasses. After the ban on using the antimicrobials in animal feed in July 2011, there would be some change in microbial distribution and antimicrobial resistance, and it still has a need to be analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.241-257
• /
• 1999

Subsurface contamination of industrial hazardous organic substances is a serious social issue. Decomposing the hydrophobic organic compounds in the subsurface is technically difficult and the compounds can last as long-term contaminant sources of groundwater once they are sorbed on the soil. Although the danger of contaminated subsurface has long been recognized little was known about the effective remediation technique. Focusing on the remediation of the p-Cresol and 3, 5-Dichlorobiphenyl among subsurface contaminants, this paper studies the surfactant-enhanced desorption technique. Nonionic surfactant(Triton X-100) and anionic surfactant(SDS ) were used as desorbing solvents for extracting organic compound sorbed on soil particles. Sorption characteristics of soils and organic compounds were analyzed and the applications of surfactant solution were studied through batch tests and the flexible-wall permeameter tests. As a result of the sorption isotherm tests, a log-log linear relation was obtained between the linear-partition coefficient, $K_p$ and the octanol-water partition coefficient, $K_{ow}$ of each organic compound. The result of the batch test also showed that Triton X-100 at 0.5% of solution desorbs the 3, 5-Dichlorobiphenyl 28 times more than the water in the batch tests. The surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation technique becomes more effective when the contaminants are hydrophobic and hard to be decomposed.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2006

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether a diet supplemented with brown rice koji (BRK) results in a reduced stress response in rats and mice. BRK, which has been suggested as a candidate for use as a stress- and fatigue-fighting supplement, was compared with red ginseng extract (RG) for its stress-reducing potential. The animals in this study were divided into no-stress, stress, RG, and BRK groups of 8 to 10 animals each. Stress was induced by means of immobilization (being restrained in plastic tubes for 30 min and electroshock (0.5 mA in mice or 2 mA in rats for 5 min). The no-stress group was not exposed to stress. Rats in the RG group received oral doses of 200 mg RG extract/kg body weight daily. The BRK group was fed a 30% BRK diet and exposed to stress. Animals were given supplements for 7 days before being exposed to stress, and then were given supplements for 5 days with exposure to stress. When the stress exposure ended, the animals were observed for stress-related changes in behavior and their plasma corticosterone levels were measured. BRK supplementation was associated with a partial blockade of the effects of stress on locomotion and elevated plus-maze test results in rats and mice. It was also associated with a partial reduction in stress-induced behaviors such as freezing, burrowing, smelling, face-washing, and rearing. BRK supplementation did not have a significant effect on plasma corticosterone levels, which were increased in the animals exposed to stress (p<0.01). The mice in the RG group received RG in water (2 mg RG/ mL $H_2O$), and the BRK group received a 30% BRK diet (weight) for 7 days. Both groups were evaluated for signs of fatigue. BRK supplementation increased endurance, as indicated by time on the rota-rod, in cold water, and on the horizontal wire. These results suggest that BRK supplementation partially protects the animal from the effects of stress and may also contribute to resistance to fatigue on physical exertion.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2002

Effect of pretreatment processing (peeling time, drying temperature, sample type) on the quality of hot air drying peony roots was investigated. Peony roots were peeled for 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minute in the peeling machine after water washing. Sample types were whole or cut (thickness of 3mm). Temperatures of hot air drying were 30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$ The level of water contents in dried sample was $14{\sim}15%$. Drying time was muth reduced as the peeling time, cutting sample types and higher temperature. Contents of paeoniflorin were maintained highest amount (3.48%) in the non-peeling cut sample dried at $30^{\circ}C$ and lowest amount (2.29%) in the 120min-peeling whole one dried at $60^{\circ}C$. Skin color of dried peony roots was heavily discolored in the sample of non-peeling whole type dried at $60^{\circ}C$ and the color was dark brown $({\Delta}E\;was\;46.1)$. When considering shortening of drying time, preservation of active compounds and maintenance of color, the best pretreatment method of drying in peony roots was non-peeling, cut type processing.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of shanyao. To use shanyao correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of shanyao to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1) Source About a source of shanyao, though korea and china has a each other source, we think there is no problem in use of both. 2) Process In our country producing shanyao as medical use is a 'duanma', we can divide into peeling and non-peeling, drying at bulks and at briquets, steaming shanyao and fresh shanyao. Regardless of existence for peeling and steaming, a distributing shanyao is received a proper judgment. Like this result was expressed by insufficiency of standards about medical components or indicating components. We detected a reminding S02 more than 10 ppm. And this expresses that there ia a problum at a drying method. To suggest proper processing methods, a standard of quility will have to be made which the existence of peeling, difference of quility between 'changma' and 'duanma', drying method and exudation test with cutted thickness are adaptable. Besides, 'maoshanyao' and 'guangshanyao' of china is processed by various methods which decrease a medical effect such as too much soaking shanyao in water, steaming with a sulfur, too much peeling, So we must process shanyao like the next methods. (1) When harvesting, dig deeply not to cut off roots. (2) Not to peel, wash shanyao in a washing machine. (3) Dry to 50-60% degree at sunny place or drying machine. (4) To be easy for drying and exudation, cut off a thick piece with 5 mm (5) Dry perfectly at ding machine. 3) Quality3) Quality (1) Functional standards It is not Proper that 'guangshanyao' is used in china because it has a problem with quility on process of working, If they did not soak shanyao in water or heat with steam, it is the real situation that they cannot cutt off shanyao evenly. In conclusion, shanyao must be heavy, powdery with a perfectly non-peeling surface, section surface is yellow-white color, unequal and has no holes. (2) Physicochemical standards It is the real situation that we can not distinguish into quility of shanyao with established test because various workings which decrease medical effects is used. Therefore we suggest a testing standard of S02 which is used in bleaching. And testing standards relatived with decrease of medical effects must be established at once. It must that Dry on loss is less than 14.0%, content of ash is less than 6.0%. Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 0.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agricultural medince.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2009

The hybrid constructed wetland(HCW) as tertiary treatment process of a bio industrial wastewater treatment plant was employed to estimate applications for the reuse of final effluent. Raw wastewater was sequently treated through chemical and biological treatment processes and the biologically treated water was flowed into the HCW. The HCW system was composed of two constructed wetlands connected in series; The one is the aerobic constructed wetland with natural air draft system whose driving force for air supply was the difference between the temperature of the air inside the wetland and the ambient air, and the other is the anaerobic/anoxic constructed wetland. Average influent concentrations of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P in the HCW were 53mg/L, 48mg/L, 34mg/L and 3mg/L, respectively. After being treated at HCW, final effluent concentrations of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were 2.3mg/L, 1.2mg/L, 7.95mg/L and 0.83mg/L, respectively. Referring to a reuse standard for a sewage wastewater, final effluent could sufficiently be reuse as landscaping, washing or agriculture water. HCW system with the aerobic/anaerobic combined constructed wetland could be achieved a high removal efficiency because each constructed wetland was functionalized to be removed efficiently organics, nitrogen and phosphorus. HCW system could be estimated to be successful application as tertiary treatment process of a various industrial and municipal wastewater.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.254-256
• /
• 1984

The amounts of husk materials from barley kernel were determined by an enzymatic method and compared with the values determined by conventional methods involving acid or alkaline treatments. The enzymatic method consists of boiling in distilled water and pressing to help squeeze out the gelatinized starch from the husk matrix, and enzymatic removal of starch by ${\alpha}-amylase$ and weighing the residual husk materials after washing 3 times with hot water and then drying at $95^{\circ}C$. Husk materials amounted about 15 of the covered barley (Gangbori and Olbori) and 10-12% of naked variety (Backdong and Sedohadaga) and the values were always somewhat higher than those obtained by the conventional methods. The husk materials prepared by the enzymatic procedure contained protein 4-8%, lipid 5-10%, ash 0.2-0.6% and crude fiber 20-40%. Although it took longer time, the enzymatic procedures can provide more intack husk materials for further characterization of the materials.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 1998

To treat effectively EDIR (electrodeposition ion removal) wastewater in terms of CO$_{Mn}$ 1,500~2,000 ppm generated from aluminum painting process, a RO (reverse osmosis) process was designed and installed to recover and reuse the concentrated solvent sent back to the electrocodeposition tank while the permeate reused as rinse water. A RO system in which three polyamide-spiral wound modules ($102\Phi \times 1,016L$ mm) connnected in series had been running to treat 20 m$^3$ in waste volume in 3 days batch operation at the condition of system recovery of 30 %, applied pressure 11.5 $kg_f/cm^2$ and room temperature. During 42 hours continuous operation leading to 5-fold decrease in waste volume, nearly constant permeation flux of 390 l/m$^2$-hr was maintained and the permeate with average CO$_{Mn}$, 300 ppm was obtained which could be used for washing the remaining paint solution in ion-exchange tower instead of demineralized water. Also COD$_{Mn}$ rejection as a function of running time was observed to be in the range of 78~87 % and the observed solvent rejections for ethyl cellusolve, buthyl cellusolve and n-butanol were 79 %, 87 % and 70 %, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.382-386
• /
• 1983

In order to utilize effectively sea mustard(Undaria pinnatifida) which is excellent in nutrition and medical action, powdered sea mustard juice was prepared and then its chemical composition and the stability of pigments were examined. Powdered sea mustard was made by washing fresh sea mustard with tap water to remove clay and sand, blanching at $85^{\circ}C$ for 20 sec in mixing solution(3% salt+1% $MgCO_3$), hot air drying($50-55^{\circ}C$, 3 hrs) after draining and pulverizing dried sea mustard to 200mesh. And then powdered sea mustard mixtures for juice type beverage was made by adding 0.75% of salt, 1.25% of sugar, 0.2% of ascorbic acid, 0.25% of flour of roasted barley and 0.8% of pulverized sea mustard to 100ml of water. Chemical composition of product was not scarcely changed during processing while amino-nitrogen content was increased and alginic acid and ash contents were decreased. The retention of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pigments of product against fresh sea mustard were 91.6% and 89.5% respectively. Judging from sensory evaluation, color, flavor, taste and dispersibility of powdered sea mustard juice were excellent and undesirable flavor of product was masked by addition of flour of roasted barley.