• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 1996

고정상곰팡이를 이용하여 세포내 축적 이차대사산 물인 cyclosporin A (Cy A)를 연속적으로 생산하 기 위해 perfusion 고정상연속배양을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 균사형성 생산균주인 T. inflaum을 ce­l lite에 고정화하는 데 필요한 공정을 획기적으로 단 순화시키는 방법을 제시하였다. 교반식 Perfusion 생물반응기 (Immobilized Perfusion Reacter S System, 이후 IPRS로 표기 내에 제한유지 된 고밀 도 고정상균체는 매우 높은 희석속도($0.1hr^{-1}$)에서 도 유리세포를 생산해내는 세포생생기의 역할을 훌 륭하게 수행하였으며, IPRS의 배출구를 통해 연속 적으로 유출되는 고농도의 유리세포(1.0g/$\ell$/hr)는 이차대사 결과 세포내에 축적되는 CyA를 연속생산 하는 데 이용될 수 있었다. 이러한 IPRS공정 운영 은 고정상균체를 배양액으로부터 효과적으로 분리시 키는 decanting column의 개발로 가능했요며, 이로 인해 기존의 연속현탁배양에서 문제시되었던 높은 희석속도에서의 wash-out현상이 극복될 수 있었다. 또한 유출되는 유리세포(relesed-free cell)의 mor-phology를 원형의 conidiospore나 잘게 부서진 my­c celial cell로 구성되어 배양액의 rheology가 뉴튼유 체화될 수 있도록 IPRS공정을 운영함으로써, 기존 의 균사형성 미생물의 현탁배양시 나타나는 배양액 에서의 물질전달 감소현상이 뚜렷하게 개선될 수 있 었다. 유출되는 높은 균체생산성(1.0g/R/hr)을 감안할 때, 균주개발과 production배지의 최척화가 본 IPRS공정개발과 병행되는 경우 기존의 회분식배양 또는 연속현탁배양에 비해 훨씬 효과적 인 생산성 증 대를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.468-478
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• 2009

This research was performed to provide basic data for the development of infection related dental hygiene studies by surveying the current condition of recognition among students in the department of dental hygiene toward hospital infection management while receiving the following results by using a personal self-administered survey method targeting 303 students in the department of dental hygiene from certain areas. 1. With the current condition of recognition on the sanitization and sterilization of instruments among students in the department of dental hygiene(study), the rate at which surgical instruments are to be sterilized with autoclaves was 79.9% which was relatively higher than other instruments while it was shown that prosthetic instruments for treatment was 56.4%, conservative instruments for treatment was 51.8%, and ultrasonic scaler tip was 51.1% while the way syringe tips(36.1%) and the dental anesthetic apparatus(27.9%) were revealed to require sanitization by alcohol. 2. The 'hand wash' area was the highest with 4.71 while the 'materials and environment management' area and 'equipment management' area appeared high respectively with 4.43 and 4.41. 3. With the current condition of recognition on equipment management, 'equipments used for contagious patients are separately washed after a one-time use and must be sterilized or separated-and-discarded' was the highest with 4.82 while 'sterilization equipments with humidity or water on it are considered contaminated and are not used' showed the lowest recognition level with 3.90. 4. Regarding the current condition of materials and environment management, 'contagious and general trash are separated and discarded' was the highest with 4.70 while 'the refrigerator for medicine storage is cleaned on a regular basis once a month' was revealed as the lowest with 4.11. 5. With the current condition of recognition on hand washing, 'one must wash their hands after coming in contact with contagious patients, was the highest with 4.90 while washing hands after taking off gloves' appeared as the lowest with 4.51 point. To conclude department of dental hygiene there is to infection management and necessary about organization disinfecting and pasteurization to strengthen an education in order raising a stamp helping practical ratio about the infection management which whole, is from presence at a sickbed and connection does and about the infection management which is substantial and educational program development leads feed with the fact that deepening studying which is continuous must become accomplished becomes.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2012

소나무재선충 매개충인 솔수염하늘소 방제용으로 살포되는 농약성분의 산림환경 중 분포, 이동 및 잔류소장 등 행적을 파악하고 방제지역으로부터 수계유출에 대한 평가를 목적으로 acetamiprid 액제와 imidacloprid 분산성 액제에 대한 행적실험을 경상남도 함안군 소재 산림에서 실시하였다. 농약의 살포량은 100배 희석액 50 L/ha이었는데 imidacloprid는 배량 시험을 추가하였고 Bell 206L 헬리콥터로 두 번 살포하였다. Acetamiprid의 평균 지표면 낙하량은 표준살포량의 2~4% 수준이었다. 솔잎 중의 잔류량은 살포 직후에 1.8~8.5 mg/kg이었으나 48일 후에는 1.2~2.1 mg/kg로 감소하였고, 빗물에 씻겨 내린 양은 살포량의 17% 수준이었다. 토양표면에 도달한 acetamiprid의 대부분은 부엽토층에 존재하였으며 살포 48일 후에는 표면도달량의 4분의 1 수준으로 감소하였고, 부엽토 밑 토양에서는 전 기간 동안 검출되지 않았다. Acetamiprid는 인접 소류지에서 비산에 의하여 0.0003 mg/L의 낮은 수준으로 검출된 외에는 검출되지 않았다. Imidacloprid의 평균 지표면 낙하량은 표준살포량의 1~3% 수준이었다. 솔잎 중의 잔류량은 살포 직후에도 0.1 mg/kg 수준에 불과하여 솔잎에는 수분과다 등의 원인으로 거의 부착되지 않은 것으로 판단되었으나, 목질부로부터 빗물에 씻겨 내린 량은 살포량의 4~8% 수준이었다. 토양표면에 도달한 imidacloprid의 대부분도 부엽토층에 존재하였으며 살포 111일 후에는 표면도달량의 20분의 1 수준으로 감소하였고, 부엽토 밑 토양에서는 살포량의 0.5% 미만으로 검출되었다. Imidacloprid는 계곡수에서 0.0003~0.0017 mg/L의 낮은 수준으로 검출되었으나 수계오염을 우려할 수준은 아니었다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of shanyao. To use shanyao correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of shanyao to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1) Source About a source of shanyao, though korea and china has a each other source, we think there is no problem in use of both. 2) Process In our country producing shanyao as medical use is a 'duanma', we can divide into peeling and non-peeling, drying at bulks and at briquets, steaming shanyao and fresh shanyao. Regardless of existence for peeling and steaming, a distributing shanyao is received a proper judgment. Like this result was expressed by insufficiency of standards about medical components or indicating components. We detected a reminding S02 more than 10 ppm. And this expresses that there ia a problum at a drying method. To suggest proper processing methods, a standard of quility will have to be made which the existence of peeling, difference of quility between 'changma' and 'duanma', drying method and exudation test with cutted thickness are adaptable. Besides, 'maoshanyao' and 'guangshanyao' of china is processed by various methods which decrease a medical effect such as too much soaking shanyao in water, steaming with a sulfur, too much peeling, So we must process shanyao like the next methods. (1) When harvesting, dig deeply not to cut off roots. (2) Not to peel, wash shanyao in a washing machine. (3) Dry to 50-60% degree at sunny place or drying machine. (4) To be easy for drying and exudation, cut off a thick piece with 5 mm (5) Dry perfectly at ding machine. 3) Quality3) Quality (1) Functional standards It is not Proper that 'guangshanyao' is used in china because it has a problem with quility on process of working, If they did not soak shanyao in water or heat with steam, it is the real situation that they cannot cutt off shanyao evenly. In conclusion, shanyao must be heavy, powdery with a perfectly non-peeling surface, section surface is yellow-white color, unequal and has no holes. (2) Physicochemical standards It is the real situation that we can not distinguish into quility of shanyao with established test because various workings which decrease medical effects is used. Therefore we suggest a testing standard of S02 which is used in bleaching. And testing standards relatived with decrease of medical effects must be established at once. It must that Dry on loss is less than 14.0%, content of ash is less than 6.0%. Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 0.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agricultural medince.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate hygienic behavior of food handlers and general population focusing on awareness of hand-washing and the microbial load of their hands. Methods: A questionnaire survey and microbiological analysis were carried out for sixty-four people each. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected through the glove-juice method from the hands, and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: In the survey, significant differences between the food handlers and general population (p < 0.01) were found in hand-washing frequency, duration, use of hand-washing agents, washing parts of hands, hand-drying method, and method of turning off water. In eight different situations among the ten particular situations in their daily life, more food handlers responded to wash their hands than general population (p < 0.05). Bacterial load on hands with general population was consistently higher than with food handlers (p < 0.05), however, percentages of positive hands of S. aureus and Salmonella spp. were not. Conclusions: Poor hand hygiene practices were indicated by the positive results for E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some respondents in both groups. This study reveals that there is the need for programs or campaigns to increase hand-washing practices of both groups.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Non-point pollution is caused by many diffusive sources, unlike a point pollution derived from industrial wastewater treatment plants or sewage treatment plants. Runoff of non-point pollutants is originated from rainfall or thawing in short period of time moving over and through the a ground surface. They cause ill effect on the quality of neighboring aquatic environment. To prevent effectively the wash off from non-point pollutant, it should be immediately reduced at the source or be treated after gathering of runoff water. This study has been carried out for the best width of riparian buffer zone. So we implemented the experiment in terms of its depth, width and kind of vegetations and calculated the reduction of pollutants loading. The experimental zone encompasses the watershed of Namhan River (Kyunggido Yangpyunggun Byungsanri). The region was divided into 5 land cover sectors : grass, reed, pussy willow, mixed(grass+pussy willow) and natural zone to compare effectiveness of vegetation. Water samples from four points have been collected in different depths. And the pollutant removal efficiency by sectors with different plant species was yielded through influent with one of each sample. And we obtained the correlation between the width of riparian buffer zone and the removal efficiency of pollutants. Using correlation result, the width of riparian buffer zones which needs to improve the water quality of river could be derived.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.487-495
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• 1997

The most desirable diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) should have the properties of oxidizing CO, HC and SOF effectively at low exhaust gas temperature while minimizing the formation of sulfate at high exhaust gas temperature. Precious metals such as platinum and palladium have been known to be sufficiently active for oxidizing SOF and also to have high activity for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$ to sulfur trioxide $(SO_3)$. There is a need to develop a highly selective catalyst which can promote the oxidation SOF efficiently, on the other hand, suppress the oxidation of $SO_2$. In this study, a Pt-V catalyst was prepared by impregnating platinum and vanadium onto a Ti-Si wash coated ceramic monolith substrate. A prepared Pt-V catalytic converter was installed on a heavy duty diesel engine and the effect of fuel sulfur on particulate matter (PM) of heavy duty diesel engine was measured. The effect of fuel sulfur on PM of Pt-V was also compared with that of a commercialized Pt catalyst currently being used in some of the heavy duty diesel engines in advanced countries. Only 1 $\sim$ 3% of sulfur in the diesel fuel was converted to sulfate in PM for the engine without catalyst, but almost 100% of sulfur conversion was achieved for the engine with Pt catalyst at maximum loading condition. In the case of Pt-V catalyst, there was no big difference in conversion with the base engine even at maximum loading condition. The reason of SOF increase according to the increase of suflate emission was identified as the washing off effect of bound water in sulfate.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

Long term monitoring was conducted to investigate a surface runoff of pollution from urban highway. The monitoring data was collected for 18 rainfall events and was used to correlate pollution load to various parameters, such as rainfall intensity, antecedent dry days and total discharge flow. Runoff coefficient and seasonal variation were also evaluated. The mean runoff coefficient of the highway was 0.823(range; $0.4687{\sim}0.9884$), and wash-off ratio for $COD_{Mn}$ and SS loads was 72.6% and 64.3%, respectively. For the initial rainfall event, the runoff EMC of $COD_{Mn}$ was high in summer and the EMC of SS was high in autumn season. However the seasonal variation of T-N and T-P was not significant. The discharged $COD_{Mn}$-EMC was $147.6\;mg/L{\sim}9.0\;mg/L$ on the generated $COD_{Mn}$-EMC of $98.8\;mg/L{\sim}8.9\;mg/L$. While the generated EMC of SS was in $285.7\;mg/L{\sim}20.0\;mg/L$ and its discharged EMC was in $190.4\;mg/L{\sim}8.0\;mg/L$. EMC of pollutants was not directly related to the first flush rainfall intensity and the antecedent dry days. But the correlation was relatively high between EMC and cumulative runoff flow volume. The trend of EMC was reduced with the cumulative runoff flow volume.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2012년도 춘계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.440-443
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• 2012

도시지역의 도로, 교량 및 주차장과 같은 포장지역은 작은 면적이지만 강우 시 다른 토지이용에 비해 강우 유출량이 높고, 상수원인 하천의 종 및 횡방향으로 존재하기 때문에 직접적인 오염 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 이에 대한 대책으로 최적관리기법(Best Management Practices, BMP) 또는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID)과 같은 관리 방안을 적용하여 강우에 의해 발생되는 강우유출수와 비점오염물질을 동시에 저감하는 방안이 연구되고 있으나, 모델링을 통한 비점오염물질 배출량의 정량화와 저감시설의 성능평가에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 주차장 지역에서 발생하는 비점오염물질의 배출량 모의 가능성을 평가하기 위해 국내 외에서 강우유출수의 모의와 저감시설의 성능평가에 많이 사용되고 있는 MUSIC(Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization) 모형과 SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) 모형을 이용하여 강우유출수 수문 수질 모의를 실시하여 각 모형의 적용성을 평가한 결과, 두 모형 모두 총 유출체적 오차가 ${\pm}6%$ 이내로 수문모의에 대한 적용성이 우수하게 나타났지만, 수질의 경우 SWMM 모형이 MUSIC 모형에 비하여 오염물질의 배출량을 실측치와 가깝게 모의함으로서, 결과적으로 대상지역에 대해 SWMM 모형이 MUSIC 모형에 비해 주차장의 초기우수현상을 더 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify potential methodologies to reasonably estimate the effectiveness of road vacuum cleaning in terms of pollution loads reduction. In this context, this study proposes two empirical equations to estimate the amount of diffuse pollution loads removed by road vacuum cleaning. The proposed equations estimate the removed amount of pollution loads respectively taking into consideration of: a) the distance of road vacuum cleaning; and b) the amount of road-deposited sediment(RDS). All of the parameters in these equations were evaluated based on results of field monitoring and laboratory analyses, except for the RDS generation rate. The results of this study suggest that pollutant removal efficiency is 46.3% for $BOD_5$ and 56.4% for TP; discharge ratios for particulate and dissolved $BOD_5$ are 35.0% and 21.2%, respectively; discharge ratios for particulate and dissolved TP are 35.0% and 19.4%, respectively. Average concentrations of pollutants in RDS are $BOD_5$ 977.3 mg/kg and TP 317.6 mg/kg. Some results of a case study imply that both equations can be potentially useful if the adopted parameters are reasonably evaluated. In particular, the RDS generation rate should be evaluated based on monitoring data collected from various road conditions.